WELCOME AND NAMASTEA Term Paper Presentation on

Silvicultural Characteristics of Three Tree Species on Subtropical Region

By

Mr. Yam Bahadur Rumba

M.Sc. Forestry

(2013-2015)

Institute of Forestry, Pokhara

Presentation Outline

Introduction

Silvicultural Characteristics of Pinus roxburghii

Silvicultural Characteristics of Alnus nepalensis

Silvicultural Characteristics of Schima wallichii

Conclusion

Introduction Forests play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and

economic development. Nepal has a very diverse flora with 35 forest types.

These forest types are categorized in ten major groups- tropical, subtropical broad-leaved, subtropical pine, lower temperate broad-leaved, lower temperate mixed broad-leaved, upper temperate broad-leaved, upper temperate mixed broad-leaved, temperate coniferous, sub-alpine and alpine scrub forests.

The sub-tropical forest includes two major groups namely i) subtropical broad-leaved forest and ii) subtropical pine forest. The altitude of subtropical forest ranges from 1000-2000m in the west and 1000-1700m in the east (www.forestrynepal.org/notes/silviculture/forest-types/2).

Pinus roxburghii

1. Introduction:

• Family Pinaceae

• Scientific name Pinus roxburghii

• Common name Chir pine• Local name Khote salla, Aule salla, Rani salla

Evergreen, subtropical tree species capable of growing to over 50m high and 1 m in diameter.

important tree species in Nepal for its use in timber as well as valuable resin.

Pinus roxburghii Contd.......

2. Silvicultural Characteristics: Light: Strong light demander. Frost: Frost hardy Soil: tolerant of the poor soil condition, tolerate a wide

range of pH values, avoids badly drained soil.• Fire: fire resistant.

• Grazing and browsing: very sensitive to grazing and browsing.

• Coppice: Bad coppicer.• Disease: susceptible to brown needle disease, and needle

rust.• Growth: slow growing species.

Alnus nepalesis

1. Introduction:• Family Betulaceae

• Scientific name Alnus nepalensis

• Common name Alder

• Local name Utis deciduous or semi deciduous tree with a straight trunk that

reaches upt 30m in height and 60cm (rarely 2m) in diameter (NFTA 1990).

most common above 900m (upto 2700m). important tree species for its use in good quality paper and

plywood. In eastern Nepal, many community forest user groups have

planted cardamom under utis.

Alnus nepalensis Contd.......

2. Silvicultural Characteristics:Light: light demander can tolerate shade also.Frost: moderately frost hardy, seedlings are

defoliated by frost and often killed.Soil: prefers soils with high water content (moist

and well-drained) but can colonize rocky sites exposed by landslips.

• Fire: fire resistant.

Alnus nepalensis Contd.......

• Grazing and browsing: sensitive to grazing and browsing.

• Coppice: coppices fairly

• Disease: susceptible to attack by defoliators (Oriena sp.), stem borers (Batocera sp.)

• Growth: growth rates vary according to differences in soil moisture content.

• Other: fixes atmospheric nitrogen.

Schima wallichii

1. Introduction:• Family Theaceae• Scientific name Schima wallichii• Common name Schima, Needlewood

• Local name Chilaune, aule chilaune, goe chassi an evergreen, medium-sized to large tree growing to 47m in

height; bole cylindrical, branchless for up to 125 (max. 250) cm (http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org).

very common in central and eastern Nepal between 900-2000m.

used in medium-heavy construction, for making pulp and plywood, bark used as fish poison.

Schima wallichii Contd.......

2. Silvicultural Characteristics:Light: moderately light demander.Frost: moderately frost hardy, seedlings are

sensitive.Soil: grows naturally on a very wide range of soil

types, but prefers well-drained soils.Fire: fairly resistant to fire from the age of 5 years.

Schima wallichii Contd.......

• Grazing and browsing: sensitive to grazing and browsing in seedling stage.

• Coppice: good coppicer

• Disease: susceptible to attack by borers (Trachylophus approximator), timber is prone to attack by wood-rotting fungi.

Conclusion

Subtropical forest includes two major groups of forests viz., subtropical broad-leaved and subtropical pine forest

Pinus roxburghii, a light demander species, capable of growing on poor sites, is widely distributed in south facing slopes in lower altitudes and both south and north facing slopes in its upper limits. It is useful constructional timber and source of valuable resin

Conclusion contd.........• Alnus nepalensis is a light demander, fire resistant

species which grows in moist soil. It is grown in forestry, agro-forestry and in land-slide areas to check landslide and grows well on soils with high water content. It produces medium quality timber and is also used for making high-quality paper and plywood.

Conclusion contd........

• Schima wallichii is an evergreen, medium-sized to large tree

• grows in wide range of soil types

• wood is used for medium-heavy construction such as utility furniture, agricultural implements, boxes and crates, poles, when treated, for railway sleepers

Any Queries, Comments & Suggestions are Heartily Welcomed !