Signs of the Times The Calling and Beginning of Vatican II Rev. John Mayo.

Signs of the TimesThe Calling and Beginning of

Vatican II

Signs of the TimesThe Calling and Beginning of

Vatican II

Rev. John MayoRev. John Mayo

End of World War IIEnd of World War II

Yalta ConferenceEstablishment of UNPolish QuestionFuture of Eastern Europe Division of Germany

Potsdam ConferenceNothing solved

Nations begin to pick sides

Yalta ConferenceEstablishment of UNPolish QuestionFuture of Eastern Europe Division of Germany

Potsdam ConferenceNothing solved

Nations begin to pick sides

Rebuilding of EuropeRebuilding of Europe

Germany Divide Germany into four zones (British Plan)Denatzification Policy Churchill- Wants a strong united GermanyStalin- Weak Germany so USSR can project power

Germany Divide Germany into four zones (British Plan)Denatzification Policy Churchill- Wants a strong united GermanyStalin- Weak Germany so USSR can project power


Germany- New atmosphere takes hold

Paris Agreement- Federal Republic of Germany established German recovery: WirtsschaftwunderBerlin Wall

Germany- New atmosphere takes hold

Paris Agreement- Federal Republic of Germany established German recovery: WirtsschaftwunderBerlin Wall


France 2 separate nations

Centralization of Power (Communists)Tradition and History (Vichy Government, Church)

Communists elected (1944), declare 4th Republic Toppled due to unsuccessful reclaiming of empireDe Gaul enters in

France 2 separate nations

Centralization of Power (Communists)Tradition and History (Vichy Government, Church)

Communists elected (1944), declare 4th Republic Toppled due to unsuccessful reclaiming of empireDe Gaul enters in

Establishment of European Cooperation

Establishment of European Cooperation

1951- European Coal and Steel Community

1958- European Economic Community

1951- European Coal and Steel Community

1958- European Economic Community

Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

Westminster College, Fulton, MO:

From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere.

Westminster College, Fulton, MO:

From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics


StalinTries a command economy

5 year plansRebuilds industry as far east as possible Large Red Army Make all minorities live like RussiansRewrite history 1953- Dies

StalinTries a command economy

5 year plansRebuilds industry as far east as possible Large Red Army Make all minorities live like RussiansRewrite history 1953- Dies



1953- Kruschev, Ministry of AgricultureComes to power with promise that he will not be another StalinWith Eisenhower, enters into detente with the West

FailsBerlin WallU-2 Incident and Gary PowersBay of Pigs

1953- Kruschev, Ministry of AgricultureComes to power with promise that he will not be another StalinWith Eisenhower, enters into detente with the West

FailsBerlin WallU-2 Incident and Gary PowersBay of Pigs

Political State- Bi Polar World

Political State- Bi Polar World

United States vs. USSR (Cold War)

Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)

US- Strategic Bombers, Rockets, Submarine-Based Missiles

USSR- Similar

United States vs. USSR (Cold War)

Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)

US- Strategic Bombers, Rockets, Submarine-Based Missiles

USSR- Similar

Vatican IVatican I

Called by Pius IX in 1869

700 bishops arrive, but no one can guarantee that they will be safe

2 Documents

Dei Filius

Pastor Aeternus

Council ends with Rome falling

Called by Pius IX in 1869

700 bishops arrive, but no one can guarantee that they will be safe

2 Documents

Dei Filius

Pastor Aeternus

Council ends with Rome falling

State of the ChurchState of the Church

Pope Pius XIIAlong with Churchill- understood the stakes At same time- new teachings

Mystici Corporis (1943)Divino Flentes Espiritu (1944)Mediator Dei (1947)Humani Generis (1950)

1958- Dies (Pope for 19 years, 7 months)

Pope Pius XIIAlong with Churchill- understood the stakes At same time- new teachings

Mystici Corporis (1943)Divino Flentes Espiritu (1944)Mediator Dei (1947)Humani Generis (1950)

1958- Dies (Pope for 19 years, 7 months)

State of TheologyState of Theology

3 Main Movements

Neo-Scholasticism

East of the Rhine

West of the Rhine

3 Main Movements

Neo-Scholasticism

East of the Rhine

West of the Rhine

1958 Conclave1958 Conclave

Angelo Roncalli is elected (John XXIII) on October 28

Was a professor of Church History

Made secretary to his bishop

Diplomatic Corps

Turkey

France

Angelo Roncalli is elected (John XXIII) on October 28

Was a professor of Church History

Made secretary to his bishop

Diplomatic Corps

Turkey

France

1958 Conclave1958 Conclave

John XXIII was seen to be a transition pope after the long pontificate of Pius XII

Similar to what we are living through now with John Paul II-Benedict XVI

John XXIII was seen to be a transition pope after the long pontificate of Pius XII

Similar to what we are living through now with John Paul II-Benedict XVI

John XXIII: A Different Kind of

Pope

John XXIII: A Different Kind of

Pope

January 25, 1959January 25, 1959

“Standing before you I tremble somewhat with emotion but am humbly resolute in my purpose to proclaim a twofold celebration: a diocesan synod for the city of Rome, and a general Council for the universal Church.” (John XXIII)

“Standing before you I tremble somewhat with emotion but am humbly resolute in my purpose to proclaim a twofold celebration: a diocesan synod for the city of Rome, and a general Council for the universal Church.” (John XXIII)

Immediate ResponseImmediate Response

Unexpected and

Wide-ranging

Yet one thing was defiantly clear

Catholicism was going to be going through a change

Unexpected and

Wide-ranging

Yet one thing was defiantly clear

Catholicism was going to be going through a change

Synod of RomeSynod of Rome

First in Modern EraHeld January 24-31, 1960 at the Lateran Failed

Lacked the structure to effect changeDiocese too fragmented

Yet, holding it is a victory

First in Modern EraHeld January 24-31, 1960 at the Lateran Failed

Lacked the structure to effect changeDiocese too fragmented

Yet, holding it is a victory

Purpose of the CouncilPurpose of the Council

Every council prior to Vatican II in the Church had been called in response to a crisis

Vatican II was called not for a crisis response, but to

Increase commitment to the faith

To make greater room for charity

Every council prior to Vatican II in the Church had been called in response to a crisis

Vatican II was called not for a crisis response, but to

Increase commitment to the faith

To make greater room for charity

Beginning of Preparations Beginning of Preparations

Clearly, these goals are not clear cut, so a commission was established to define what to speak about

10 members of the commission; almost all of the Curia

President: Cardinal Tardini, Secretary of State

Curia determined to monopolize

Clearly, these goals are not clear cut, so a commission was established to define what to speak about

10 members of the commission; almost all of the Curia

President: Cardinal Tardini, Secretary of State

Curia determined to monopolize

A Different Council Needs Different Preparation

A Different Council Needs Different Preparation

John XXIII did not want the council to be prepared for in the ordinary matter

Idea of questioners- vetoed

Ask for suggestions- 2,000 responses with 8,972 “vota” received

July 1960- work completed

John XXIII did not want the council to be prepared for in the ordinary matter

Idea of questioners- vetoed

Ask for suggestions- 2,000 responses with 8,972 “vota” received

July 1960- work completed

Official PreparationsOfficial Preparations

June 5, 1960- Superno Dei Nutu establishes central commission with ten commissions

New- Apostolate on the laity and Activity of ordinary Christians in spreading the gospel

Broke the monopoly of the Curia somewhat, yet Roman network still vital

June 5, 1960- Superno Dei Nutu establishes central commission with ten commissions

New- Apostolate on the laity and Activity of ordinary Christians in spreading the gospel

Broke the monopoly of the Curia somewhat, yet Roman network still vital

Their WorkTheir Work

They consolidated the responses into 70 worthy projects over the course of two years

February 2, 1962- work concluded by John XXIII

Concilium of John XXIII set the date of the council to open October 11, 1962

They consolidated the responses into 70 worthy projects over the course of two years

February 2, 1962- work concluded by John XXIII

Concilium of John XXIII set the date of the council to open October 11, 1962

Features of the CouncilFeatures of the Council

As people looked ahead, three characteristics emerged:

1. Not be expressly dedicated to unity among Christians

2. Pastoral approach

3. Bishops would be main players

Not a completion of Vatican I

As people looked ahead, three characteristics emerged:

1. Not be expressly dedicated to unity among Christians

2. Pastoral approach

3. Bishops would be main players

Not a completion of Vatican I

Summer of ‘62Summer of ‘62The Vatican finally took the lid off of preparations and sent the bishops 7 proposed schemata, or outlines:

Sources of RevelationDeposit of Faith Moral OrderLiturgy FamilySocial CommunicationsChurch unity

Many bishops dislike, except liturgy

The Vatican finally took the lid off of preparations and sent the bishops 7 proposed schemata, or outlines:

Sources of RevelationDeposit of Faith Moral OrderLiturgy FamilySocial CommunicationsChurch unity

Many bishops dislike, except liturgy

How Would the Council Work


Two levels of activity

Plenary assembly- Discussed and approved documents

Held in morning

Working Groups- Actually drafted the documents

Worked in afternoons

Two levels of activity

Plenary assembly- Discussed and approved documents

Held in morning

Working Groups- Actually drafted the documents

Worked in afternoons



IBM Computers would be used to tally votes

Speeches would be given in Latin, with no simultaneous translation

Problem- no one really knows Latin and pronunciation different

IBM Computers would be used to tally votes

Speeches would be given in Latin, with no simultaneous translation

Problem- no one really knows Latin and pronunciation different

The Bishops ArriveThe Bishops Arrive

Around 2,700 bishops descended upon Rome for the opening of the Council on October 11th

Bishops can be divided into four main groups:Contented Catholic Countries (Italy, Spain, Ireland) “Change” Catholic Countries (Germany, France, England, Canada, Australia, United States)African and Asian countriesLatin American Catholic Countries

Around 2,700 bishops descended upon Rome for the opening of the Council on October 11th

Bishops can be divided into four main groups:Contented Catholic Countries (Italy, Spain, Ireland) “Change” Catholic Countries (Germany, France, England, Canada, Australia, United States)African and Asian countriesLatin American Catholic Countries

The Opening of Vatican IIThe Opening of Vatican II

First General CouncilFirst General Council

Held Saturday, October 13th

Cardinal Tisserant, president

Proposal to vote on members of the commissions by Archbishop Felici, Secretary-General of the Council

Cardinal Achille Lienart of Lille then rises and says...

Held Saturday, October 13th

Cardinal Tisserant, president

Proposal to vote on members of the commissions by Archbishop Felici, Secretary-General of the Council

Cardinal Achille Lienart of Lille then rises and says...

“We are not disposed to accept the list of candidates proposed to us until the Council meets again. We have had too little time to choose our own candidates, since the Council Fathers do not know one another well enough yet. We therefore ask for a further delay in order to get our bearings.”

“We are not disposed to accept the list of candidates proposed to us until the Council meets again. We have had too little time to choose our own candidates, since the Council Fathers do not know one another well enough yet. We therefore ask for a further delay in order to get our bearings.”

Joseph Cardinal Frings, Archbishop of Cologne then rises to agree

Applause erupts

Cardinal Tiserant consults with others and then announces that the council was adjourned until the 16th.

First session lasted 15 minutes

Joseph Cardinal Frings, Archbishop of Cologne then rises to agree

Applause erupts

Cardinal Tiserant consults with others and then announces that the council was adjourned until the 16th.

First session lasted 15 minutes

One Thing Now Clear...Vatican II will not go as

expected

One Thing Now Clear...Vatican II will not go as

expected

Signs of the Times The Calling and Beginning of Vatican II Rev. John Mayo.

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Transcript of Signs of the Times The Calling and Beginning of Vatican II Rev. John Mayo.