SigmaCare Manual

SIGMACARE PLUSMAINTENANCE APPLICATION GUIDE

www.sigmacoatings.com/marine

MARINE COATINGS

02

MAINTENANCE APPLICATION GUIDE

HOW TO USE THIS BOOKLET 03

BEFORE YOU START 04

HEALTH & SAFETY 05

PLANNING THE JOB 06

STAGES IN THE PAINTING PROCESS 08

SURFACE PREPARATION 09

MEASURING AND MIXING THE PAINT 11

APPLYING THE PAINT 14

DRYING, OVERCOATING AND CURING 16

THE USE OF THINNERS 18

CARING FOR UNUSED PAINT 19

CLEANING AND CARING FOR EQUIPMENT 20

NOTES 22

CONTENTS

03

Many SIGMA COATINGS products can be used effectively as onboard maintenance paints to ensure that all parts of the vessel remain in good condition while sailing.

This booklet contains a number of useful hints and tips to help you get the best possible performance from all coatings, but is not intended as a detailed guide to onboard painting. It highlights potential problems and sets out the procedures involved in any painting job for maintenance at sea in a very simple way.

Crew members can follow clear instructions on everything from planning a paint job to cleaning the equipment once the job is finished. The booklet should be used in conjunction with the Maintenance Specification Chart and Product Datasheets supplied, and kept safely in the pocket of the SigmaCare Package.

More detailed technical information on our products can be found in the Marine Coatings e-Manual, a copy of which is attached to the SIGMACARE Package.

HOW TO USE THIS BOOKLET


Careful preparation can save a lot of time and effort. Make sure you know precisely what you have to do and how to do it. Think carefully about your health and safety and that of your fellow crew members. If you are unsure about the paint you are going to use, ask someone who is qualified to explain it to you. Make sure you have the right equipment for mixing and applying the paint, and for cleaning up afterwards.

BEFORE YOU START

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Some paints can be dangerous and may affect your skin or eyes. Breathing in the fumes from solvents is harmful, so it is very important that you take the necessary safety precautions while mixing and applying paint.

Check the working areaIf you are working in the open air, check that there are no inflammable liquids or gases nearby before you begin any form of mechanical or power tool cleaning.

Extra care needs to be taken in confined spaces. Again, check for the presence of gases. Make sure that there is enough ventilation and airflow to remove dust and fumes from the area.

Does the job require special safety equipment?You may need a ventilation mask, safety harness, helmet, gloves or special protective clothing. Make sure you have what you need before you start. Tying a handkerchief around your face is not always sufficient protection.

Are there any potential hazards involved?Look out for overhead structures and ensure that there is sufficient light for you to see clearly. Make sure that the floor of the area is not slippery and that there are no obstacles in your way. Especially when using power tools, be aware that sparks may ignite any gas or flammable liquids.

HEALTH & SAFETY

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Which paint should you use?Make sure you know exactly which paint or paints you have to use in order to protect the part of the vessel you are about to paint.

Check the Maintenance Manual, or the Maintenance Specification Chart, which will give you the names of the paints that make up a coating system, plus details such as color, dry-film thickness, wet-film thickness, the type of cleaner to use, and the paints Product Datasheet number.

How much paint do you need?Estimate the size of all the areas you need to paint in square meters (square feet), including any overlapping areas around the edges. If there are several small areas close together, it may be better to clean, prime and topcoat the entire area in order to achieve a better finish.

PLANNING THE JOB

06

Look into the Maintenance Manual, or on the Product Datasheet, to find the theoretical spreading rate per liter (per US gallon) and the recommended dry-film thickness for the paint you are using.

Take, for example, a coating with a theoretical spreading rate of 7.3 square meters (approx 78.6 square feet) per liter (approx. 0.26 US gallons) for a dry-film thickness (dft) of 75 microns (3.0 mils).

Working with a roller and/or brush will give minimum spillage but you will still lose up to 5-10% of the paint. This means that you can cover approximately 6.5 square meters (approx. 70 square feet) per liter (approx. 0.26 US gallons). Using spray equipment will result in a loss of up to 30% depending on weather conditions and the skill of the operator. So you may only be able to cover 5 square meters (approx. 53.8 square feet) per liter (approx. 0.26 US gallons). Check that you have enough paint and thinners onboard to complete the job.

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You should be aware of all the stages required before you start any painting job. You will find more detail on each of these processes on the following pages.

A typical job will include: Surface preparation Measuring and mixing the paint Applying the paint Drying, overcoating and curing The use of thinners Caring for unused paint Cleaning and caring for equipment

STAGES IN THE PAINTING PROCESS

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Remember that surface preparation takes the most time, so prepare the paint only after the cleaning and surface preparation has been done.

Surfaces cleaned down to bare steel will become flash rusted overnight even more quickly in humid weather conditions. To avoid this problem, it is better not to clean more than you can paint in one day, or more than the weather permits.

The effectiveness of a finished paint job depends mainly on how well the surface is prepared. Oil, grease, dirt, rust, moisture and ice can all cause the paint system to fail. If the paint does not adhere to the surface properly, moisture trapped under the paint will quickly lead to more rust problems and the eventual lifting of the paint layer.

Generally, the following steps should be taken: Remove all rust until white metal can be seen. Use a power tool with rotating steel brushes or 12 carborundum discs but do not polish the steel until it is too smooth, as this will make painting difficult. Paint will adhere more easily to a slightly roughened surface. Small amounts of loose rust can be removed by hand with a wire brush. Remove all remnants of cleaning materials, dust and loose articles with a brush or air hose Degrease the surface to be painted with a water-soluble detergent Wash off the detergent with fresh water using a hose or high-pressure water jet Continue washing with fresh water to remove loose dirt and sea salt Give the surface time to dry; remove water droplets from overhanging structures Ensure that existing paint surrounding the cleaned area is sound and adheres well to the substrate

SURFACE PREPARATION

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Give the surface time to dry; remove water droplets from overhanging structures Ensure that existing paint surrounding the cleaned area is sound and adheres well to the substrate

SURFACE PREPARATION


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When you choose paint from the paint locker remember to use the oldest paint first. First in, first out is the rule. Each paint has a shelf life of one to two years, after which it will no longer be effective.

Do not mix more paint than you can use within the pot life, and remember that pot life can vary dramatically according to temperature.

One-component paintsThese are ready to use, but always need stirring as the heavy components settle to the bottom of the tin. A mechanical mixing tool is preferable, but a wooden stick can also be used. Stir until no thick or solid paint clings to the end of the stick. If the use of thinner is recommended, add it after the initial stirring, and then stir again until the paint is one smooth substance with no color streaks.

MEASURING AND MIXING THE PAINT

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Two-component paintsFor this type of paint, make sure you have enough of the correct base and hardener. These paints will only work when they have been properly mixed together in the right quantities.

If you need a smaller amount than that supplied in a standard tin, it is important that you use a new, clean container and a clean, flat wooden stick, which can be used as a measuring tool and also to stir the paint.

Find the mixing ratioFor example:Base 16 liters (approx. 4 US gallons)Hardener 4 liters (approx. 1 US gallon)Total 20 liters (approx. 5 US gallons)

Assuming that 3 liters (0.8 US gallon) are needed, choose an empty 5 liter (1.3 US gallon) tin because you always need extra space for mixing, stirring and the addition of thinners may be necessary. For this, you may need a calculator. First, divide the base: 16 liters (approx. 4 US gallons), and the hardener: 4 liters (approx. 1 US gallon) by 20 to find the percentage ratio.

For example:Liters US Gallons16/20 = 0.8 4/5 = 0.84/20 = 0.2 1/5 = 0.2

MEASURING AND MIXING THE PAINT


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If the mixing ratio is 78:22 every 10 cm (approx. 4 inches) of can height should consist of 7.8 cm (approx. 3 inches) of base material and 2.2 cm (approx. 0.8 inches) of hardener. Mark a measuring stick to the correct proportions.

Put the stick in an empty, clean tin and fill this with base material to the first mark (make sure the base material is premixed).

Mix the two components together and add thinner if necessary.

Then fill the second part with hardener.

You can confirm your result by checking the Product Datasheet where you will find the mixing ratio by volume, which in this case is 8:2, or 4:1. If the mixing ratio is 4:1, it means that four parts of the base are needed and one part of the hardener. If you are using less than complete cans ensure that the correct mixing ratios are used, which can be done by using the stick method.

Divide a stick into five equal parts by marking it with stripes or by cutting indentations into the stick. Pour the base into the can until the fourth stripe and then add the hardener until the fifth stripe, remembering to stir well.

13

If you are using a two-component paint, which requires a base and a hardener to be mixed together, the paints pot life will determine the time available for application. This can be found on the Product Datasheet under the heading Instructions for use.

What to doMake sure that the atmospheric conditions (such as temperature, humidity etc.) are within the limits stated in the Product Datasheet.

Choose the right equipment. For painting small areas a brush or roller is normally used.

To paint heavily pitted or corroded areas and complicated constructions such as winches, stairways etc., a brush is recommended. For large, flat areas such as decks and hatch covers, airless spray is the most economical method of application.

With both brush and roller, the dry-film thickness (dft) of the first coat will be about 35-50 microns (1.4-2.0 mils). If a higher dft is required, more coats will have to be applied until the desired thickness is reached. Check the overcoating intervals.

APPLYING THE PAINT


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What not to doDo not paint at temperatures around freezing point, unless the Product Datasheet indicates otherwise. This could result in adhesion failure and corrosion.

Do not paint at high humidity, such as in foggy conditions, as a gloss finish will turn to matt.

Do not paint in extremely hot conditions. The top film of the paint will dry too quickly and prevent the solvent from evaporating.

Do not mix primer with finished paint, as this will affect the gloss finish.

15

All paints dry and harden at different rates in different atmospheric conditions.

Paint must not be overcoated until it is sufficiently dry. When paint has finished drying and has reached maximum hardness it is fully cured when it will have all its promised characteristics, such as impact, abrasion and chemical resistance.

The minimum and maximum overcoating intervals are shown in the Product Datasheet. If paint is overcoated too early it will be softened by the new layer of paint and solvents will be trapped between the layers causing poor adhesion and blistering.

If it is overcoated too late it will be too hard to adhere properly to the new layer resulting again in poor adhesion. The paint surfaces should be roughened with sandpaper before the new layer is applied.

DRYING, OVERCOATING AND CURING


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Touch dryTouch dry means that after a soft touch with the thumb, no paint will be seen on the thumb. This indicates that most of the solvents in the paint have already evaporated. However, this does not necessarily mean that the paint is ready for overcoating.

RecoatableRecoatable means that the paint has dried enough to allow overcoating without softening the previous coat.

Hard dry or curedBoth words mean that the drying process is complete.

Note:Fast-drying paints will feel touch dry long before the solvents and thinners have fully evaporated. However, the indicated overcoating interval must be taken into consideration.

17

There are two different types of thinner: paint thinner and cleaning thinner.

Paint thinner can be used to reduce the thickness of the paint and to clean equipment.

Cleaning thinner, which is specifically used to clean the nozzles and linings of spray equipment, must not be used to thin down paint.

The recommended paint thinner is shown on the Product Datasheet.

THE USE OF THINNERS


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Many two-component paints cannot be stored for re-use once they have been mixed. However, many paints can safely be used again within their shelf life (check the Product Datasheet).

Close the paint tin lid firmly, or the solvents and drying agents will evaporate.

In the case of small tins, turn the tin upside down for a few minutes, and then store the right way up. This will allow a small amount of paint to harden around the lid and make an airtight seal.

CARING FOR UNUSED PAINT

19

You can use paint thinners or cleaning thinners to wash most equipment such as brushes and rollers.

Spray equipment and nozzles usually require large quantities of solvent so the more economical cleaning thinner should be used.

During short breaks or overnight, brushes and rollers can be kept in good condition soaked in clean, fresh water or placed in the recommended thinner. After application of a two-component paint, all equipment must be cleaned immediately with the correct thinner.

CLEANING AND CARING FOR EQUIPMENT


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We hope that these simple hints and tips will result in better, easier and more effective onboard painting. They should also help to ensure that your paint, tools and equipment last longer and that your safety and that of your crewmates is maintained. By using Sigma Coatings products, you are assured of the finest quality paints and excellent service and advice.

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NOTES


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NOTES

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Created January 2013

The information included in this document is intended as a guide only and should not be considered as definitive instructions. Please refer to the relevant Product Datasheet and Material Safety Datasheets (MSDS), which can be found at sigmacoatings.com. No rights can be derived from the content of this publication. Unless otherwise agreed upon in writing, all products and technical advice given are subject to our standard conditions of sale, available on our website www.sigmacoatings.com. All rights reserved. All trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. PPG Industries Inc. 2010 842288-GLOB

PPG Protective & Marine CoatingsP.O. Box 580341040 HA AmsterdamThe NetherlandsTel : +31 (0)20 407 5050 Fax : +31 (0)20 407 5059Email: [email protected]: www.sigmacoatings.com/marine

PPG Protective & Marine Coatings brings unrivaled levels of innovation, experience and expertise in coatings technology, supported through our expanding global supply and distributors network in over 80 countries.

We have in-depth knowledge of the industry, our customers day-to-day challenges and the environmental, health and safety standards in the marketplace. By working in close partnership with customers,our technical service representatives are able to offer an unsurpassed level of market knowledge.This enables us to respond quickly with efficient, economic solutions in all environments and industries.

The result performance-enhancing coating systems that can be applied more easily, resist the elements more effectively, and deliver maximum performance with minimum downtime.

PPG PROTECTIVE & MARINE COATINGS

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