Sibel bozdogan modern living itirgungor

Modernism and Nation Building, Turkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic

Sibel BOZDOĞAN

• Introduction: Modernism on the Margins of Europe

• Living Modern: Cubic Houses and Apartments

Itır GÜNGÖR

Modernism and Nation Building, Turkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic

Sibel Bozdoğan is the Turkish architecture, writer, lecturer and also architecture critic.

Subject: Turkish Architecture

1908 1950(declaration of constitutionalism ) - (the end of the single-party-government )

_Modern architecture _Turkish traditions _Nationalism _Republic Revolution _Turkish architecture

Introduction: Modernism on the Margins of Europe

Le Corbusier Westernizing institutional reforms ---> to shape the entire social, cultural and architectural fabric of Turkey

the necessity and historical inevitability of the disappearence of old civilizations

the loss of harmonious cultures

Modernism – Modern Movement • Composition of revolutinary aesthetic canon and scientific doctrine in

architecture

• Needs, tools and technologies of universal without exclude any nation and culture.

• It aimed to trasncend ideology. Therefore it followed and comprised the revolutions in the countries.

Modernism started in Turkey with the Republic • Contradiction between Modernism and The local realities

Modern X National

Introduction: Modernism on the Margins of Europe

Edward Said:Non-western societies ---> have their own ways of modern and not necessarily

followed the modernism of the West.

• Modern architecture ----> Cultural and environmental oppression imposed to people by bureaucrats

• Transform society for the better and to construct a future dissociated from culture, context and history

• Architectural culture is not to explain without the poltical and ideological agendas of the time.

Chapter 5: the architecture of house

The new architecture:Architecters service to people rather than the

wealthy patrons

The perception of houses: reforming lifesytles (family

life, domestic order and privacy)

Living Modern: Cubic Houses and Aparments

1839 Tanzimat Reforms Europeanization in the way of people lived dressed- furnished houses

cosmopolitan mix of cultures and tastes modern and traditional

Social and cultural transformation democratization of the family

conjugal couples as companions upbringing of children

• The powerful social forces which transformed a great Islamic empire into a secular repucblic was at home , in the ordinary family life.

• Kemalism was unique that interfered with family law and resistant to Westernization in the Muslim societies.

• The architectural profession is responsible from the design of houses and interiors within the framework people’s existing habits, lifestyles and wordviews (Kemalism).


Images of Modern Domestic Life

Woman

Kemalism claim to having liberated Turkish woman from

the yoke of tradition

The idealized image of Turkish woman’s world was

centered at home

Paradox

Peyami Safa criticized the masculinized

woman for both her appearence

and her mentality

Shown as a homemaker

Girl’s institutes with a education in scientific houseworks combined

with the national culture

The effect of Taylorism in

homes



Cubic HousesModern, healthy, functional and beautiful houses

Wide windows, ample light and air, smooth and clean surfacesand dust gathering corners

The lack of Turkish families features

Turkish architecturers designed their houses in regard to Turkish traditions



Total design-- Every object and piece of furniture to be designed and arranged Within a coherent modernist vision.

• The idea of total design harms the character of the domestic interior

• Magazines presented the houses with the each details and described themodern houese’s features.

intervention of family life and houses by the magazines

• Oppressive and interventionist idea of architect’s violated the inevitablyhomely character of the domestic interior.


Building the Modern House

Turkish architects focused on houses in the early republic. The aim of the architecture is to turn to the people and to satisfy their needs for comfortable, economic and beautiful houses.

The ideology of Kemalism subordinated class differrence and unifying the ideal of nation.

Architectures embraced this ideology and reflects on their projects.

The reason of the absence of large scale housing production is both economical and political.

• The total number of houses built in the early republican period was 73,279 while the population increased from 13.6 million to 17.8 million.


Building the Modern House

Apartment ---> Rental house

Multi-unit residential buildings with a single owner who rented the units

In Ankara, there was an accommodation problem. The construction ıf rental houses became rescuer especially fot the bureaucrats.

In Istanbul, aparment living became a familier feature of urban life. unhealthiness of apartment living


The ‘Cubic’ Controversy

Cubic Houses

Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu: The signs of alienation, coldness

and sterility characterizing cosmopolitan modernity in its

negative sense.

Corrupt lifstyles directed by

greed and profit

Peyami Safa scorn the features of cubic houses:Tiny rooms-low ceiling-amount of sunlight and

form

Homeless of modern living

Family histories and memories exchanged for

modern living


Conclusion

• Modern is shown as a transition import from West by the non-West countries.

• Modern architecture of another culture creates mismatch in the culture imported in.

A German family cannot comfortably accommodate in a Japanese house.

• Turkish arhitecture can be arise only if the modern term harmonized with the Turkish culture.

• Transformation of cultural dynamics and works into the modern life

Thank You =)

Sibel bozdogan modern living itirgungor

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