Shrub rhizo microbiol hydo gates bamako 2014 r dick
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EverGreen Agriculture for Sustainable Intensification EverGreen Agriculture for Sustainable Intensification and Resilience in the African Drylandsand Resilience in the African Drylands
Ibrahima Diedhiou, Ibrahima Diedhiou, University of Thies, SenegalUniversity of Thies, Senegal
Richard P. Dick, Richard P. Dick, Ohio State University, USAOhio State University, USA
The Missing LinkThe Missing Link
Shrub rhizospheres: Shrub rhizospheres: Delivering hydrological & microbial services Delivering hydrological & microbial services
to crops in the Sahelto crops in the Sahel
• Overgrazing
• Cropping intensification and disturbance
Landscape Landscape ExploitationExploitation
• Scavenging for fuelScavenging for fuel• Increasing rural and urbanIncreasing rural and urban populations increasespopulations increases demands for naturaldemands for natural resources and foodresources and food
Encroachment of Desert
Major Challenges for the Sahel• Low and erratic rainfall
• Small holder farmers are risk adverse
• Infrastructure to deliver inputs is limiting/not economical
• Degraded landscapes
• Without organic inputs to soils – yields decline even with adequate external inputs
• Limited availability of organic resources
A Logical Solution – Intercropping with local shrubs
Acacia albida
3 m3 m
Unrecognized and Unmanaged Resource:Dominant Native Shrubs in Farmers’ Fields
1m
Northern region, typically sandy Mean annual rainfall 300 mm Mean annual temperature 30 oC
Southern region, higher clay content Mean annual rainfall 750 mm Mean annual temperature 32oC
Guiera senegalensisPiliostigma reticulatum
Guiera senegalensisGuiera senegalensis - - MaliMali
Guiera senegalensisGuiera senegalensis - MaliMali
Coppicing shrubsCoppicing shrubs
Piliostigma reticulatum Rainy season peanut field
G. Senegalensis and P. reticulatum are found in farmers’ fields between < 200 to ~ 1200 mm from Senegal to Niger
FUNDING PHASE I USAID – Preliminary StudyUS National Science Foundation ($1.2 mil) 1999 to 2010
4 African PhD; 2 African post docsPartners – OSU, ISRA
PHASE II (current)US National Science Foundation ($2.6 mil)– 2011 to 2016
3 US PhD students; 2 US MS students; 2 African post docs
Partners – OSU, ISRA, IRD
Research CoordinatorDr. Ibrahima DiedhiouProfessor, Univ of Thies
Former Post doc - Plant ecology
Sire Diedhiou, SenegalSoil microbiology
Ekwe Dossa, TogoSoil chemistryNutrient cycling
Abel Lufafa Uganda
Landscape carbon dynamics
Fred Kizito, UgandaHydrology/soil physics
PhD Students
Astou Sene, ISRASocio-economics
Coordinator
OutcomesOutcomes::1) Developed allometric equations to estimate biomass 1) Developed allometric equations to estimate biomass 2) Standing shrub C stocks significantly greater than:2) Standing shrub C stocks significantly greater than: - village level animal manure production- village level animal manure production - litter tree fall - litter tree fall - crop residues – all peanut for fodder; millet grazed- crop residues – all peanut for fodder; millet grazed3) Three journal papers 3) Three journal papers ((Lufafa et al., 2008a; 2008b; 2009)Lufafa et al., 2008a; 2008b; 2009)
- - Methods: Methods:
- Landscape and field survey studies, - Landscape and field survey studies, - GIS- GIS- remote sensing- remote sensing- Century model- Century model
Landscape Biomass Distribution and ShrubsInvestigators: A. Lufafa (PhD student), S. Samba,
M. Khouma, R. Dick J. Noller (Oregon State University)
Biomass of native shrubs in farmers’ fields of Senegal at 200-400 shrubs/ha (Lufafa et al. 2008) (value in parethesis is at optimized 1200 shrubs/ha)
Shrub Species Above ground Below ground
Mg ha-1
G. senegalensis 0.83 (2.49) 2.2 (6.6)
P. reticulatum 0.30 (0.90) 1.98 (5.94)
Manure (Badiane et al, 2000)
0.09 5% turnover of GS roots = 0.099 Mg ha-1
Water RelationsWater Relations
Outcomes:Outcomes: - Discovered hydraulic lift- Discovered hydraulic lift - Recharges groundwater in rainy season- Recharges groundwater in rainy season - No competition for water- No competition for water - Indications – assists crops during drought- Indications – assists crops during drought periods (currently under investigationperiods (currently under investigation - Changes paradigm of temporal dynamics of- Changes paradigm of temporal dynamics of biogeochimical and biological processes biogeochimical and biological processes of dry environmentsof dry environments - Three journal papers - Three journal papers (Kizito et al 2006. 2007,2012)(Kizito et al 2006. 2007,2012)
Moist subsoilMoist subsoil
Movement of water to adjacent plantsMovement of water to adjacent plants
Part 2:Water Balance StudiesPart 2:Water Balance StudiesInvestigators: F. Kizito (PhD Student), M. Sene, R. DickInvestigators: F. Kizito (PhD Student), M. Sene, R. Dick
M. Dragila (Oregon State University)M. Dragila (Oregon State University)
Shrub sap flow reversals
8 pm8 am8 am8 pm
8 pm
Day of year, 2004171.0 171.5 172.0 172.5 173.0
Sap
vel
ocit
y (c
m h
r-1)
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
VP
D (k
Pa)
0
1
2
3
4
Lat eral root Tap root Vapor pressure deficit
Shrub impact on water balance
P = Precipitation
GIN = Groundwater root uptake
ET = Evapotranspiration
DP = Deep percolation
ΔSW = Change in soil
water storage
WATER TABLE
ETETPP
ΔΔSWSW
GGinin
DPDP
Investigators: S. Diedhiou (PhD student), Investigators: S. Diedhiou (PhD student), OutcomesOutcomes A. Badiane, R. Dick A. Badiane, R. Dick Elevated microbial activity & diversity; maintains in dry seasonElevated microbial activity & diversity; maintains in dry season
• Promotes mineralization of N and P year aroundPromotes mineralization of N and P year around• Indications – Harbors beneficial plant promoting microorganismsIndications – Harbors beneficial plant promoting microorganisms• Could improve plant growth (Could improve plant growth (free living N2 fixersfree living N2 fixers, hormones), hormones)
(under investigation)(under investigation)•> 80 % of shrub residues decomposed in 8 months> 80 % of shrub residues decomposed in 8 months• Residue beneath shrubs has greater rates of decomposition Residue beneath shrubs has greater rates of decomposition than soil outside the influence of the shrubthan soil outside the influence of the shrub• Three journal articles (Diedhiou et al 2009,2013; 2014-submitted)Three journal articles (Diedhiou et al 2009,2013; 2014-submitted)
Methods – nucleic acid and PLFA profiling, enzyme activityMethods – nucleic acid and PLFA profiling, enzyme activity
Part 3: Soil Biology and Carbon CyclingPart 3: Soil Biology and Carbon Cycling
0 1 2 3 40
20
40
60
80
100
Wet season
Distance from Center of Shrub (R=canopy radius)Center R/2 1 R 2 RM
icro
bia
l B
iom
ass
C (
µg
g-
1 )
Dry season
Rhizosphere soil
Non-rhizospheresoil
Dry season
Wet season
Soil Microbial Biomass C (incubation-fumigation) (0-20 cm depth) in the Wet and Dry Season of P. reticulatum (n=3).
Investigators: E. Dossa, M. Khouma, R. DickInvestigators: E. Dossa, M. Khouma, R. Dick
Long-term Field Studies (started 03)Long-term Field Studies (started 03)1.1. G. senegalensisG. senegalensis X Fertilizer Rate (Bambey ~500 mm) X Fertilizer Rate (Bambey ~500 mm)2.2. P. reticulatumP. reticulatum X Fertilizer Rate (Nioro ~1000 mm) X Fertilizer Rate (Nioro ~1000 mm)3.3. Two Shrub Species’ Residue X Fertilizer Rate (Bambey)Two Shrub Species’ Residue X Fertilizer Rate (Bambey)
Lab Incubation StudiesLab Incubation Studies1.1. N and P Mineralization from Shrub Residues (leaching)N and P Mineralization from Shrub Residues (leaching)2.2. Impact of Shrub Residues on P Sorption/DesorptionImpact of Shrub Residues on P Sorption/Desorption
Part 4: N and P Cycling/Fertilizer Management Part 4: N and P Cycling/Fertilizer Management of Millet and Peanut Summer Cropsof Millet and Peanut Summer Crops
G. SenegalensisG. Senegalensis3 Mg dry stem+leaves ha3 Mg dry stem+leaves ha-1-1
P. reticulatumP. reticulatum3 Mg dry stem+leaves ha3 Mg dry stem+leaves ha-1-1
Shrub Biomass Study – Shrub Biomass Study – with out shrub plant presentwith out shrub plant present Factorial:Factorial: 0, 1.5 or 3 Mg dry biomass ha0, 1.5 or 3 Mg dry biomass ha-1-1
0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 Recommended Fertilizer Rate0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 Recommended Fertilizer Rate
Conclusion – Does not interfere with crop establishment or growthConclusion – Does not interfere with crop establishment or growth
Effect of Shrub Residue (absence of shrub plant) and rate of fertilizer in on Crop Yields in Senegal.
‡Values within columns followed by the same superscript letter are not significantly different at P <0.05
Residue Treatment Rate ha-1 2004 Peanut
2005 Millet
2006 Peanut 2007 Millet
--------------------------------------------kg ha-1---------------------------------------
Control No residue 816a 537a 712b 1197c
G. senegalensis Biomass
1.5 Mg 766a 664a 912b 1296c
G. senegalensis Biomass
3.0 Mg 857a 755a 1116a 1609a
P. ReticulatumBiomass
1.5 Mg 615a 583a 908b 1385b
P. ReticulatumBiomass
3.0 Mg 691a 588a 1116a 1479b
NS NS P<0.05 P<0.05
PlusPlusShrubShrub
Guiera senegalensisGuiera senegalensis
MinusMinusShrubShrub
Ekwe DossaEkwe Dossa
N and P CyclingN and P CyclingPhD CandidatePhD Candidate
Shrub X Fertilizer Rate (Bambey ~500 mm)Shrub X Fertilizer Rate (Bambey ~500 mm)
Factorial:Factorial: 1) + and - Shrub1) + and - Shrub 2) 0, 0.5, or 1.0 2) 0, 0.5, or 1.0 Rec. Fert. RateRec. Fert. Rate
†Rate Shrub No shrub Shrub Increase
Shrub No shrub Shrub Increase
------------ kg ha--1------------- % ---------- kg ha-1 ----------- % 2004 season (Arachis hypogaea) 2005 season (Pennissetum glaucum) 0 190a† 78b 143 218a 11a 1818
0.5 135a 103a 32 359a 148b 142 1.0 153a 116a 36 422a 278b 52 1.5 203a 91b 123 605a 503a 20
Mean 170a 97b 400a 260b 2006 season (Arachis hypogaea) 2007 season (Pennissetum glaucum) 0 384a 273b 41
197a 6b 3183
0.5 542a 449b 21 403a 85b 374
1.0 556a 579a -4 378a 200b 89 1.5 708a 532b 33
622a 174b 257
Mean 547a 458b
400a 116b
Effect of shrub (G. senegalensis) and rate of fertilizer on Crop Yields in the Peanut Basin, Senegal.
‡Values within columns followed by the same superscript letter are not significantly different at P <0.05
†Fertilizer rate is 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 the recommended NPK rates appropriate for each crop.
(Dossa et al. Agronomy J. 2012)
Phase IIPhase IIUS National Science Foundation GrantUS National Science Foundation GrantRhizosphere Microbiology & HydrologyRhizosphere Microbiology & Hydrology
ThemesThemes Water relationsWater relations Beneficial microorganisms and biodiversityBeneficial microorganisms and biodiversity Mycorrhizal fungiMycorrhizal fungi Nitrogen and diazotrophsNitrogen and diazotrophs
ApproachApproachIntensive hydrology instrumentation (soil & plants) Intensive hydrology instrumentation (soil & plants) Metagenomics – deep sequencingMetagenomics – deep sequencing
Stable Isotopic probing and microbial communityStable Isotopic probing and microbial community
profilingprofiling Field, mescosms, and lab experimentationField, mescosms, and lab experimentation
Mesocosm Study: Isolating microbial responses to hydraulic redistribution in Mesocosm Study: Isolating microbial responses to hydraulic redistribution in
rhizo- vs. mycorrhizo-spheresrhizo- vs. mycorrhizo-spheres. . G. senegalensisG. senegalensis
MilletMillet
Perforated Perforated 35 35 mm stainless steel sheet stainless steel sheet coated with PTFEcoated with PTFE
tap root chambertap root chamber
water containerwater container
15 15 m air gapm air gap
mycorrhizae mycorrhizae fungifungi
75 cm75 cm
Root Root chamberchamber
Investigation of Mycorrhizal Hyphal Connections from Shrub to Millet
Mescosm Study Field Study
Millet under water stress
Intact microcosm Turned microcosm
Hyphal connections
ConclusionsShrubs as Resource Islands
Carbon Inputs and C Sequestration PotentialShrubs are the highest source of C in farmers’ fields.Adoption of non-thermal management would significantly increase C sequestration in the Sahel.Allometric equations that utilize easily measured shrub properties provide reasonable estimates.
HydrologyShrubs enhance infiltration and ground water recharge.Hydraulic redistribution is occurring due to shrubs and is seasonally dependent.Shrubs are non-competitive with crops for water.Coppicing/Sink reduction seems to increase HR
Conclusions (continued) Shrubs as Resource Islands
Soil BiologyShrub rhizosphere maintains larger and more active microbial community.Hydraulic redistribution maintains microbial community in dry season.Decomposition rates of shrub residue are rapid
Crop Productivity and Nutrient CyclingPresence of shrubs have increased yields substantially on G. senegalensisIncorporation of shrub residues after two years increased crop yields.Shrub increases N availability
Scientifically ValidatedDiack, M., M. Sene, A. N. Badiane, M. Diatta, and R. P. Dick. 2000. Decomposition of a native shrub
(Piliostigma reticulatum) litter in soils of Semiarid Senegal. J. of Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 14(3):205-218.
Iyamuremye, F., V. Gewin, R.P. Dick, M.Diack, M.Sene, A.N. Badiane, and M. Diatta. 2000. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus mineralization of agroforestry plant residues in soils of Senegal. J. of Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 14:359-371.
Badiane, A.N., A. Faye, C.F. Yamoah, and R.P. Dick. 2002. Compost and mineral fertilizers for millet production by farmers in semi-arid Senegal. Biol. Ag. Hort. 19:219-230.
Kizito, M. I. Dragila, R. Brooks, M. Senè, M. Diop, R. Meinzer, A. Lufafa, I. Diedhiou, R. P. Dick. 2009. Hydraulic redistributiony two semi-arid shrubs: Implications on agro-ecosystems. J. Arid Environments (in press)
Lufafa, A., I. Diédhiou, S. Ndiaye, M. Séné, M. Khouma, F. Kizito, R.P. Dick, and J.S. Noller. 2008. Carbon stocks and patterns in native shrub communities of Sénégal’s Peanut Basin. Geoderma 146: 75-82
Kizito, F., M. Dragila, M. Sène, A. Lufafa, I. Diedhiou, E Dossa, R.P Dick, M Khouma, A. Badiane, and S. Ndiaye. 2006. Seasonal soil water variation and root dynamics among two semi-arid shrubs coexisting with Pearl millet in Senegal, West Africa. J. of Arid Environments 67:436.
Lufafa, A., Wright, D., Bolte, J., Diédhiou, I., Khouma, M., Kizito, F., Dick, R.P., Noller, J.S., 2008. Regional carbon stocks and dynamics in native woody shrub communities of Senegal’s Peanut Basin. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 128:1–11.
Kizito, F., M. Senè, M. I. Dragila, A. Lufafa, I. Diedhiou, E. Dossa, R. Cuenca, J. Selker, R. P. Dick. 2007. Soil water balance of annual crop-native shrub systems in Senegal’s Peanut Basin. Ag. Water Management 90:137 – 148.
Dossa, E.L. M. Khouma, I. Diedhiou, M. Sene, F. Kizito, A.N. Badiane, S.A.N. Samba, and R.P. Dick. 2009. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization potential of semiarid Sahelian soils amended with native shrub residues Geoderma 148:251–260
Dossa .E. L., J. Baham, M. Khouma, M. Sene, F. Kizito, R.P. Dick. 2009. Phosphorus Sorption and Desorption in Semiarid Soils of Senegal Amended with Native Shrub Residues Soil Science 173:669-682.
Publications (continued)Lufafa, A.; Diedhiou, I.; Ndiaye, N.A.S.; Sene, M.; Kizito, F.; Dick, R.P.; Noller, J.S. Allometric
relationships and peak-season community biomass stocks of native shrubs in Senegal's Peanut Basin. Journal of Arid Environments73:260-266.
Diedhiou, S., A.N. Badiane, I. Diedhiou, M. Khoum, A.N.S Samba, M. Sène and R.P. Dick. 2009. Succession of Soil Microbial Communities during Decomposition of Native Shrub Litter of Semi-Arid Senegal. Pedobiologia 52:273—286.
Dossa , E.L.,S. Diedhiou & J. E. Compton, K. B. Assigbetse & R. P. Dick. 2010. Spatial patterns of P fractions and chemical properties in soils of two native shrub communities in Senegal. Plant Soil 327:185–198
Kizito, F., M. I. Dragila, M. Senè, R. J. Brooks, F. C. Meinzer, I. Diedhiou, M. Diouf,, A. Lufafa, R.P. Dick, J. Selker, R. H Cuenca. 2012. Hydraulic Redistribution by Two Semi-arid Shrub Species: Implications for Sahelian Agro-ecosystems. J. Aird Environments. (in press).
Dossa, E.L. M. Khouma, I. Diedhiou, M. Sene, F. Kizito, A.N. Badiane, S.A.N. Samba, and R.P. Dick. 20012. Crop Productivity and Nutrient Dynamics in a Shrub (Guiera senegalensis) -Based Farming System of the Sahel. Aronomy J. 104:1255–1264.
S. Diedhiou1, E.L. Dossa, A.N. Badiane, K.B. Assigbetsee4, I. Diedhiou5, N.A.S. Ndiaye5, M. Khouma, M. Sène and R.P. Dick. 2012. Microbiology and Macrofaunal Activity in Soil beneath Shrub Canopies during Residue Decomposition in Agroecosystems of the Sahel. Soil Science Society of America J. (in press).
Dossa, E.L. I. Diedhiou, M. Khouma,, M. Sene, A.N. Badiane, S.A.Ndiaye, K.B. Assigbetse, S. Sall, A. Lufafa, F. Kizito, S. Diedhiou, and R.P. Dick, and J. Saxena 2012. Crop productivity and Nutrient Dynamics in a Shrub (Piliostigma reticulatum) -Based Farming System of The Sahel. Agronomy J. (submitted).
The Rationale and Expected Impacts
of Adopting Optimized Shrub- Crop Systems:• Potentially huge impact on > 15 million hectares• Uses a local resource smallholder farmers already know• Low cost to implement & maintain system – Stand alone• Will remediate landscapes & soils, & recharge groundwater• Buffer climate change for agroecosystems of the Sahel• Will increase crop productivity • Will improve ability for resilience to drought years• Expect to reduce need for N fertilizer• Increase nutrient and water use efficiency• Relatively short time-frame to realize benefits; 2 to 5 years
Where to go from here?1. Establish participatory shrub-intercropped observatory across the Sahel
- Demonstrate and pilot test optimized, non-thermal shrub management in farmers’ fields- Monitor socio-economic, ecological, and edaphic response to optimized shrub-intercropping under farmer management.- Determine yield response and drought resistance potential of optimized shrub-intercropping under farmer management- Conduct outreach campaigns on optimized shrub-intercropping
2. Applied Agronomy- Set up long-term research sites (LTRS): Shrub density and spacing; fertilizer rate; shrub residue rate study.- Determine optimal rates and shrub management for C sequestration at LTRS- Determine crop response and drought resistance at LTRS
3. Basic Research - Initiate breeding program of major dryland crops for optimized shrub-intercropping
- In-depth study of physiology and ecology of shrub-crop mycorrhizal fungal relationships – in order to enhance nutrient and water relation for crops- In-depth study of beneficial microorganisms optimized shrub-intercropping – e.g. diversity, plant growth promoters, N fixation (15N2 fixation of free living microorganism? 15N2-DNA-stable isotope probing ), nutrient release
Questions??
Objective 1
Determine effect of hydraulic lift (HL) by shrubs on water relations of crops and microbial community dynamics.
Objective 2Identify and collect microorganisms that respond to
hydraulic redistribution crops across seasons and rainfall regimes of the Sahel.
Objective 3Determine the potential of shrub rhizospheres to
harbor diazotrophs and stimulate N fixation.
Phase II – NSF PIREConceptual Framework and Questions to be Answered
The shrub in the Sahelian agricultural fields acts as “mother” plant for associated crops
1. Confirm that hydraulically lifted water can be transferred to adjacent crops. (deuterium tracking).
2. Can shrubs aid crops through drought periods? (controlled field irrigation experiment)
3. Does the presence of shrub roots alter the microbial diversity (including beneficials) of crop rhizosphere? (metagenomics and PLFA profiling)
Phase II – NSF PIRE (continued)
Conceptual Framework and Questions to be Answered4. Do shrub roots promote arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in
crops? (nucleic acid analysis and root staining)
5. Do arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae transfer N and water from shrub roots to millet plants? (root barriers in mescosm study)
6. Can N be transferred from shrub roots to millet? (15N tracking – mescosm)
7. Do shrub root systems harbor and promote diazotrophs and increase abundance in millet roots (endophytes) or millet rhizosphere soil? (nifH gene analysis)
8. What is the rate of 15N2 fixation of free living microorganism?
9. 15N2-DNA-stable isotope probing to estimate free living diazotrophic microorganisms in shrub-crop rhizosphere soil.
Stem from mother plantStem from mother plant
New seedling growthNew seedling growth
Dr. Ibrahima DiedhiouDr. Ibrahima Diedhiou
Cooperating Cooperating FarmerFarmer
Shrub ReproductionShrub Reproduction
PLFA Results PLFA Results Variance explainedVariance explained (PCA): 64%(PCA): 64%
Correlation with Axis 1Correlation with Axis 1
Fungi,Fungi, 18:218:2ωω6c (0.89)6c (0.89) Actinomycètes, Actinomycètes, 10Me 18:0 (0.86) 10Me 18:0 (0.86)
15:0 3OH (0.85)15:0 3OH (0.85) Rhizospheric effect (p<0.001)Rhizospheric effect (p<0.001) Seasonal effect (p<0.02)Seasonal effect (p<0.02)
PLFA
Axis 1
Axi
s 2
Rainy season Dry seasonRhizosphere Bulk Non-rhizosphere
P. reticulatum : red colorG. senegalensis: black color
(18
%)
(46 %)
Non-rhizospheric soil
Bulk soil Rainy season
Bulk soilDry season
Rhizosphere
Correlation of PLFA with enzymes activities and environmental variables
Variance explainedVariance explained (PCA): 64.5 (PCA): 64.5 %%
Correlation with axis 1Correlation with axis 1
MBCMBC (0.65) (0.65) ββ-glucosidase -glucosidase (0.64)(0.64) Chitinase (0.62)Chitinase (0.62) Urease (0.60)Urease (0.60) Phosphatase acid (0.58)Phosphatase acid (0.58) Moisture (0.60)Moisture (0.60)
Chitinas
Urease
PhosAcidB-glucos
MBC
N-minera
Moisture
Axis 1
Axi
s 2
Rainy season Dry seasonRhizosphere Bulk Non-rhizosphere
P. reticulatum : red colorG. senegalensis: black color
(18.
05 %
)
(46.5 %)
l
Mature Mango TreeMature Mango Tree
Piliostigma reticulatumPiliostigma reticulatum
1 Year Mango Seedling1 Year Mango Seedling
Pruned Piliostigma reticulatum plant
Piliostigma reticulatumPiliostigma reticulatum
1 Year Mango Seedling1 Year Mango Seedling
Phase II 2011-2016
Participants and Collaborating Institutions(IRD, ISRA, OSU)
US Investigators
Teamrat Ghezzehei
Soil Physics Hydrology
University of California, Merced
US Investigators
Brian Mcspadden Gardener
Microbial Diversity/Beneficial
Microorganisms
Ohio State University
US Investigators
Paul Schreiner
Mycorrhizal Fungi
Oregon State University
US Investigators
John Reeve
Molecular Microbiology
Ohio State University
US Investigators
Cadance Lowell
Undergraduate Intern Program
Plant Ecology
Central State University
International Collaborators
International Collaborators
Lydie LardyNitrogen Cycling
France – IRD, Dakar
International Collaborators
Yacine Ndour
Soil Microbiology
Mycorrhizal Fungi
Senegal – ISRA, Dakar
International Collaborators
Modou Sene
Soil Physics
Hydrology and plant water relations
Senegal – ISRA, Thies
International Collaborators
Ibrahima Diedhiou
Field Research Management
Plant Ecology
Senegal – University of Thies, Thies
International Collaborators
Komi Assigbetse
Molecular Microbiology
Togo, France – IRD, Dakar
International Collaborators
Alain BraumanMicroTrop
France – IRD Thailand
Project Technical Administrator
Amanda Davey
Project Logistics/Purchasing, Student Preparation, and Reporting
Ohio State University
STUDENTS AND POST DOCS
PhD Supervision
Each PhD student has a US University and a Senegalese/French supervisor with assistance from a Senegalese post doc. This arrangement works to ensure students can effectively work in foreign environment and are learning to work with diverse partners, thereby preparing them to be globally engaged scientists.
PhD StudentsNathaniel Bogie
Hydrology – Shrub-crop water relationsUniversity of California, Merced
PhD StudentsSpencer Debenport
Microbial Diversity and Beneficial Microorganisms
Ohio State University
PhD StudentsMatthew BrightMycorrhizal Fungi
Ohio State University
MS Students
Chelsea DeLayDiazotrophs and N Cycling
Ohio State University
Esther LatinDiazotrophs and N Cycling
Ohio State University
Post docs
Roger BayalaHydrology Research & Field Coordinator
Senegal – University of Thies, Thies
Helene DialloSoil Microbiology
Senegal – IRD, Dakar
Undergraduate Students
20122012
20132013
Undergraduate Internship
• Hydrology • Soil chemistry and microbiology
MicroTropSénégal 2012
MicroTropSénégal 2012
Micro- and Macro- biologists!!!