Shrikrishna Isloor - IVA · Shrikrishna Isloor A network for animal rabies diagnostic laboratories...
Transcript of Shrikrishna Isloor - IVA · Shrikrishna Isloor A network for animal rabies diagnostic laboratories...
Shrikrishna Isloor
A network for animal rabies diagnostic laboratories in India under OIE Twinning Programme: A success story
OIE twinned CVA-KVAFSU Rabies Diagnosis Laboratory ,
Dept.of Microbiology, Veterinary college, KVAFSU,
Hebbal, Bengaluru
Rabies: Endemic in India except for the Union Territories of Anadaman and Nicobar and Lakshwadeep.
WHO-APCRI Indian multicentric rabies
survey in 2017, laboratory based
surveillance for the status of rabies in
dogs / cats was carried out in the
islands of Andaman/ Nicobar and Lakshadweep.
So far, rabies positivity not detected in AN and Lakshadweep
Pathogenesis
3
• Highly neurotropic
• Incubation period could
vary
• Virus excreted through
saliva prior to symptoms
• Virus excreted
intermittently through saliva
1. Prior to 2013: Mostly Seller’s staining
Progress in Diagnostic systems for animal Rabies –
2. CVA-KVAFSU Rabies Diagnosis Lab. 2013:
3. OIE Twinning programme - 2016: Strengthening of diagnosis of rabies in India
Virus
Vaccinal
antibodies
Direct fluorescent antibody assay (DFA)
Positives
Negative
Direct Rapid Immunohistochemistry Test (dRIT) For Detection of Rabies Virus Antigen
The World organization for animal Health (OIE) Laboratory Twinning Programme
• A global programme
• OIE reference centres build expertise for important animal diseases
• Priority regions identified through twinning with national laboratories
• Improve the global capacity for disease detection, prevention and control through better governance of veterinary services.
Network development through National level Workshops
OIE TRAININGS/ WORKSHOPS
First Workshop
Sample receipt/collection /
registration / storage and recording
Second workshop
dRIT-DFA-Nested PCR training
Fourth workshop
Brain sample collection :
Conventional V/s Occipital foramen approach
CDC, Atlanta APHA, UK
Networking through workshops conducted in other states of India
Aug.2019
Outcome:
Training:
14 states
Samples:
17 states &
2 UTs.
Andaman &
Nicobar islands Lakshadweep
islands
Network (animal rabies
diagnosis in India)
Field diagnosis by trainees…
Theerthalli,
Shivamogga, Karnataka
Bidar, Karnataka
Guwahati, Assam
Bangalore Rural
Impact of Social Media – Brain sample collection: Jan. 2019
25th July 2019
DFA based detection of rabies viral antigen in animals: Jan 2012 to 31 May 2019
80 % of brain samples tested are from dogs; 66% of dog samples were positives
DFA based detection of rabies viral antigen in animals: Jan 2012 to 31 May 2019
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Negative
Unfit
Lab. Surveillance (RDL, VCH): Rabies positive cases in Bangalore (2014-2019)
Year Total tested No. Pos. No. Neg % pos.
2014 72 54 18 75
2015 102 69 33 68
2016 61 35 26 57
2017 99 69 30 70
2018 177 115 62 65
2019 (upto
June)
47 36 11 77
Total tested (2014 – 2018):558
Total positives : 378
Percent Pos. : 68
Real-Time PCR: LN 34 assay
• A multi-site evaluation of the LN34 assay in 14 laboratories. A total of 2,978 samples (1,049 DFA positive) from the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia were tested.
• High sensitivity (99.90%), specificity (99.68%) compared to DFA
• Detects viral RNA in fresh, frozen, archived, deteriorated and formalin-fixed brain tissue. (Crystal et al., 2018)
G-L intergenic sequence
G- Gene N- Gene
Molecular characterization: Conventional PCR: N,G gene PCR didn’t reveal genetic diversity
WHO-APCRI survey on Rabies in India- Island survey in 2017
For the first time cat brain samples from Lakshadweep and dog brain samples from Andaman
tested and found negative so far
Control of rabies in India: a Veterinary perspective
• A National Rabies Control Programme (Zoonosis Division) was implemented in the 12th Five Year Plan of the Government of India
• The program has two components: Human and animal component.
• The strategy for the animal component:
* Population survey of dogs
* Dog population management
* Mass vaccination of dogs.
Enhancement of immune surveillance through sero-monitoring of rabies vaccinal antibodies in dogs
• Sero monitoring of vaccinal antibodies.
• RFFIT / FAVN /ELISA (limited facilities to conduct RFFIT )
• Need to adopt in Asian countries
ELISA for seromonitoring
PLATELIA TM RABIES ll ASSAY ELISA kit
Positive by
RFFIT
Positive by
ELISA
Negative by
RFFIT
Negative by
ELISA
42 40 8 10
Development of a quantitative ELISA for sero monitoring Post-anti rabies vaccinal antibody responses in dogs - a DBT funded project
The mass vaccination of dogs: a sustainable approach Human and Dog Rabies Cases, Mexico 1990-2006
MASS VACCINATION IN DOGS v/s HUMAN RABIES CASES
Dog vaccination and Human Rabies (Srilanka) Death rate/100,000 Pop.
Mass dog vaccination in Goa
Dog vaccinations and Human Deaths in Goa
Assessing vaccination and laboratory surveillance- Bengaluru (2018)
N= 250 Protected Unprotected
Number of
sample 125 125
Percentage 50 50
Mass Anti-Rabies Vaccination of dogs in BBMP jurisdiction – proposed pilot study in 2019
Components of campaign:
1. Stray Dog population survey
2. Mass Anti- Rabies Vaccination
3. Sterilization of female Stray-dogs incidentally caught
Visit of team BBMP to Veterinary college, Bangalore on 18th July 2019
ESTIMATION OF POST VACCINAL ANTIRABIES ANTIBODY TITER AND EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT REGIMEN OF VACCINATION IN CATTLE
Elimination of canine mediated human rabies by 2030 -Future strategies
• National Rabies Control Programme (NRCP) being revised by NCDC,
• Mass immunization - 70% dog population
• Awareness and education particularly : rural areas
• Immediate medical care after an animal bite.
• Uninterrupted availability of vaccines and RIG in all hospitals and in remote primary-health-care centres
• Pet ownership, Licensing of dogs, reducing the population of street dogs
• Availability of rabies diagnostic tests
Rabies elimination - an ideal mission for
‘One Health’ concept
NETWORK THROUGH POST GRADUATES IN FIELD….
2013 Molecular characterization: RT-PCR in animals
2014
2015
2016
2017
N gene –Molecular epidemiology and Development of LAMP
Status of antirabies vaccinal antibodies in dogs
Recombinant G protein for seromonitoring of vaccinal antibodies in dogs
Genetic Variability of G-L Intergenic region sequences of Indian RABV
Development of RFFIT for assessment of vaccinal efficacy in dogs
Comparative Evaluation Of LFA, LAMP with DFA and modified DFA
2018 Development of in-house ELISA for vaccinal antibodies
Workshop on Enhancing Progress Towards Rabies
Elimination ‘Zero by 30’ in the SAARC Region
26-28 June 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal
• Strengthening dog rabies surveillance
• Mass immunization of dogs
Achieving “ Canine mediated rabies elimination by 2030”
RINDERPEST
ONLY ONE SUCCESS STORY….
Next Rabies ????
Thank you all
KVAFSU ,CVA ,OIE, CDC, APHA and IVA
Lets look forward for Rabies free status!