Short talk in NTU Doctoral School Postgraduate Research Conference 2016: Sustainable production and...
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Transcript of Short talk in NTU Doctoral School Postgraduate Research Conference 2016: Sustainable production and...
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Kyungeun Sung Supervised by Tim Cooper & Sarah Kettley Sustainable Consumption Research Group
School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Sustainable production and consumption by upcycling: Understanding and scaling up niche
environmentally significant behaviour
NTU Doctoral School Postgraduate Research Conference 2016 (short talk)
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Introduction: Project background
UK target: Reductions in GHGs by 80% from 1990 levels by 2050.
Government’s commitment: RCUK Energy Programme.
CIE-MAP goal: Identify opportunities that may ultimately deliver a reduction in GHGs.
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Introduction: Longer lifetimes for industry energy reduction
Embodied energy: the total (direct + indirect) energy for the production (Costanza, 1980)
Material efficiency: reducing the amount of new material inputs per given level of service/output reduce energy demand for industry (S. Cooper et a.,
2016)
Product lifetime extension: reducing demand for new products/production increase material efficiency (T. Cooper, 2010)
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Introduction: Product lifetimes extension
Exception: more energy efficient products for high energy consuming products (e.g. washing machine)(e.g. Brezet et al., 1997; Charter & Tischner, 2001)
Strategies: durable design; professional repair and upgrade services (Cooper,
2002)
Durable design: negative perception from manufacturers; early replacement buyers’ concern; durability as low priority for purchasing decision; frequent relative obsolescence (e.g. Cooper, 2004; Van Nes and Cramer, 2005)
Repair and upgrade service: high cost of labour relative to energy and raw materials (Cooper, 1999)
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Introduction: Consumer trend of upcycling
Creation or modification of any product out of used materials in an attempt to result in a product of higher quality or value than the compositional elements (Sung et al., 2014)
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Introduction: Consumer trend of upcycling
Creation or modification of any product out of used materials in an attempt to result in a product of higher quality or value than the compositional elements (Sung et al., 2014)
No need to force manufacturers
No need to pay for professional services
Add new features + change design/style
Alternative to durable design + professional services
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Introduction: Consumer trend of upcycling
Contemporary maker movement
Readily available physical resources (e.g. Hackspace)
Shared digital resources (e.g. Instructables)
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Introduction: Research question
Despite growing interest, still a marginal activity
Scaled up (Ceschin, 2012; Van den Bosch, 2010) extended lifetimes increased material efficiency reduced embodied energy GHGs reduction
How can this emerging, yet still marginal activity, be scaled up into a mainstream everyday activity in households (and beyond) to make a bigger impact on the environment and society?
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Introduction: Aims and objectives
Aim: develop actionable strategies for upscaling upcycling in households (and beyond) to contribute ultimately to the reduction of GHGs
Objectives:
1. Gain insights into upcycling in the UK
2. Identify UK-specific key factors influencing upcycling
3. Formulate design and policy interventions for upscaling upcycling
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Research methods
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Results: Key findings from interviews and a survey Study Category 1 Category 2 Findings
Understanding consumer upcycling
Approaches to upcycling
Materials for upcycling Wood, electronics, fabric and packaging as common materials
Ways of acquiring materials Online shops and networks as common source of materials
Material selection criteria Value, cost saving, and relatively high quality as main criteria
End product usage Mainly for oneself but high aspiration for commercialisation
Context
When Mainly any time suits one
How often Wide spectrum from enthusiasts to pragmatic makers
Where Predominantly at home
With whom Mainly by oneself, but high demand for people with similar interests or good collaborators
Identifying key factors influencing upcycling
Descriptive statistics Psychological/emotional benefits more common than economic or environmental benefits
Correlation Tools, materials, teachers, skills training, imagination, inspiration, information significantly correlated to upcycling
Logistic regression Intention, attitude and subjective norm as relatively more important factors
Non-parametric statistics for comparing groups High scores from older (30+) females working in art and design
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Results: Interventions for scaling up upcycling
Target population – Females working in art and design, aged 30 and older with under £60,000 annual household income – People working in art and design, aged 30 and older with part-time or self-employment
General strategy for scaling up
Shaping intention by building positive attitude and establishing positive subjective norm
First priority interventions for short term success
(1) Improve facilities and services of the community workshops (2) Produce TV shows and other inspirational media to share the best practices
Second priority interventions for short term success
(1) Operate a reuse/upcycle centre with used materials collection and affordable, professional upcycling service within the existing waste management system
(2) Design and provide a service model for improved provision of used materials, components and products
(3) Organise community-based upcycling family events, workshops and training sessions (4) Change government procurement policy to favour upcycled goods
First priority interventions for long-term success
(1) Provide tax benefits and subsidies for upcycling-related businesses (2) Provide grants and subsidies for upcycling-related research and initiatives
Second priority interventions for long-term success
(1) Enrich the curriculum in art, design and engineering from preschool to higher education to equip people with upcycling knowledge and skills
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment
Discussions and conclusion
Meet the aim and objectives
Limitations: generalisability of the data to the overall UK populations (sampling method and sample size)
Applicability of the findings: (1) empirical data UK context; (2) overarching framework and the behaviour model other national contexts and other behaviour domains
Contribution to knowledge: (1) Design – applying Darnton’s framework in DfSB; mixed methods data for idea generation; design intervention beyond product and communication design for DfSB; (2) Psychology – a new combination model; data on behaviour factors of upcycling
Kyungeun Sung, Sustainable Consumption Research Group, School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment Image sources: http://image.slidesharecdn.com/clapresentation-talisopenday-march14-140328085008-phpapp01/95/cla-presentation-talis-open-day-march-14-14-638.jpg?cb=1395996639
Thank you! Any question?
[email protected] http://kyungeunsung.com https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kyungeun_Sung