Short stories ppt 2
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Transcript of Short stories ppt 2
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Elements of A Short StoryElements of A Short Story
• Plot• Character• Setting• Conflict• Foreshadowing• Suspense• Frame Story
• Theme• Point of View• Irony• Symbolism• Allusion• Mood• Tone• Dialect
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PlotPlot
The series of related events that make up the
story.
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Bare Bones of A PlotBare Bones of A Plot
• Plots are built on four main parts:– Basic Situation (Exposition)– Complication– Climax– Resolution (Denouement)
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Plot LinePlot Line
Exposition
Complications
(Rising Action)
Climax
Falling Action
Resolution
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PlotPlot• Exposition - Opening of the story;
characters and conflict are introduced.
• Complication - Conflicts introduced; main character takes action to resolve conflicts. (Also known as rising action.)
• Climax - Key scene of the story; tense, exciting or terrifying moment.
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PlotPlot
• Falling Action - Conflicts begin to resolve; story tapers off….
• Resolution - Occurs at the very end of the story; conflicts are resolved. (Also called the denouement.)
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CharacterCharacter
A person, animal, natural force or object in a story or
play.
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CharacterizationCharacterization
The process of revealing the The process of revealing the personality of a character is personality of a character is
calledcalled characterizationcharacterization.
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CharacterizationCharacterization
• Direct Characterization - Writer tells the reader directly what kind of person the character is.
• Indirect Characterization - Reader has to use his or her own judgement to identify personality traits of a character
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CharacterizationCharacterization
• Static – No change throughout story
• Dynamic – Develops and grows over the course of the story
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Characterization Characterization
• Round – Many different personality traits (good & bad)
• Flat – Shows only one personality trait
• Protagonist – Main character of a literary work
• Antagonist – Character or force in conflict with the protagonist
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CharacterizationCharacterization
• Motivation – Reason that explains or partially explains why a character thinks, feels, behaves or acts in a certain way.
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CharacterCharacter
• There are five considerations for creating a character:– Appearance– Speech– Thoughts– Actions– Other Characters’ feelings
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Point of ViewPoint of View
The vantage point from which the author has chosen to tell
the story.
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First PersonFirst Person
One of the characters is actually telling the story,
using the pronoun “I.”
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Third PersonThird Person
Narrator is an outside storyteller. (can be “limited”
or “omniscient” point of view.)
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OmniscientOmniscient
“All Knowing”
Person telling the story knows everything there is to know about the characters and
their problems.
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LimitedLimited
Narrator only knows one character’s thoughts and
feelings.
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Point of ViewPoint of View
The narrator is not always the author.
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SettingSetting
The time and place of a story or play.
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SettingSetting
• One purpose of setting is to provide background - a place for the characters to live and act in.
• In some stories, setting provides the conflict.
• Places where people live and make their homes can reveal a great deal about their characters.
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SettingSetting
• Setting can also provide atmosphere or mood - it affects the way a reader feels.
• One of the oldest story plots in the world is the one in which a person fights against something in the physical world - a drought, a horde of ants, the heat of the desert, etc.
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Describing the SettingDescribing the Setting
• What kind of place does the story take place in?
• What is the season, climate, and time of day?
• Are the characters in conflict with the setting?
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Describing the SettingDescribing the Setting
• Does the setting help to understand their personalities?
• What kind of atmosphere does the setting create?
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ConflictConflict
A struggle or clash between opposing characters or forces.
– External: Man v. Man, Man v. Nature, Man v. Society
– Internal: Man v. Himself, Man v. Fate (God)
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SymbolismSymbolism
Anything that stands for or represents something
else.
Examples: Red roseAmerican Flag
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ThemeTheme
Central idea of a work of literature
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ThemeTheme
• A theme makes some revelation about a subject.
• The subject of the story is NOT THE SAME as the theme of the story.
• The subject is simply the topic of the story.
• Theme is not “love.” Ask yourself…what about “love”?
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ThemeTheme
A theme is usually not stated directly in the story.
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Finding a ThemeFinding a Theme
• Does the title signify something important about the story?
• Does the main character change in the course of the story? Does he or she realize something he or she didn’t know before?
• Are there any important statements about life or people made in the story - either by the narrator or the characters?
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IronyIrony
A contrast between expectation and reality.
• Between what is said and what is really meant.• Between what is expected to happen and what really happens.• Between what appears to be true and what is really true.
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Types of IronyTypes of Irony• Verbal - a writer or speaker says one
thing but means another
• Situational - what we expect to happen is different than what actually happens.
• Dramatic - Audience or reader knows what is happening but the characters do not.
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Other Terms to KnowOther Terms to Know
• Foreshadowing – Clues to suggest events that have not happened yet in the story; creates suspense.
• Suspense - The uncertain feeling about what is going to happen next in a story.
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Other Terms to KnowOther Terms to Know
• Mood – (Atmosphere) Feeling created in the reader by the piece of writing.
• Tone - The way the writer feels about the story & the characters
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Other Terms to KnowOther Terms to Know
• Allusion – References in a piece of writing that refer to the Bible, a time in history or another work of literature or art.
• Frame Story – Story within another story.
• Dialect – Way a character speaks (directly related to setting & time period)