Report of the

FishFAD Project Workshop

Virtual meeting

18–19 August 2020

Project for improving livelihoods through sustainable nearshore fisheries in the Pacific

(FishFAD) FIJI KIRIBATI MARSHALL ISLANDS PALAU SAMOA TUVALU VANUATU

Report of the

FishFAD Project Workshop

Virtual meeting

18–19 August 2020

Project for improving livelihoods through sustainable nearshore fisheries in the Pacific

(FishFAD)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Apia, 2021

3

Required citation:

FAO. 2021. Report of the FishFAD Project Workshop – Virtual meeting 18–19 August 2020. Apia.

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion

whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development

status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The

mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these

have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of

FAO.

© FAO, 2021

Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO

licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode).

Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that

the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization,

products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same

or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with

the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative

edition.”

Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in

Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the

World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in

accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL).

Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or

images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the

copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with

the user.

Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be

purchased through publications-sales@fao.org. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-

us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: copyright@fao.org.

iii

CONTENTS

Abbreviations and acronyms .............................................................................................................. v

Introduction and opening of workshop .............................................................................................. 1

Day one of the workshop .................................................................................................................... 2

Overview of the project .................................................................................................................. 2

Innovation presentations ................................................................................................................ 3

Revenue generating activities – innovations in post-harvest value-add .................................... 3

Micro-canning in the Pacific ....................................................................................................... 4

FAD fishing and training during COVID-19 and key elements of a national FAD programme .... 5

Question and answer (Q&A) session on the innovation presentations ......................................... 6

SPC presentation on opportunities for providing assistance on FAD fisheries in the COVID-19

environment ....................................................................................................................................... 8

Group work for countries and partners .......................................................................................... 9

Wrap-up and close of day one ...................................................................................................... 11

Day two of the workshop.................................................................................................................. 12

Opening remarks........................................................................................................................... 12

Innovation presentations .............................................................................................................. 12

De-risking operation of small boats .......................................................................................... 12

Maritime NZ PMSP .................................................................................................................... 13

FAO/SPC survey of fisher associations in selected Pacific Island countries ............................. 13

StewardFish fisherfolk organisations – challenges and solutions ............................................ 14

Q&A session on the innovation presentations ............................................................................. 15

Group work for countries and partners ........................................................................................ 18

Next steps and moving forward........................................................................................................ 21

Attachment A: Workshop agenda .................................................................................................... 23

Attachment B: Participants list for the workshop ............................................................................ 25

Fiji .............................................................................................................................................. 25

Kiribati ....................................................................................................................................... 25

Marshall Islands ........................................................................................................................ 25

Palau ......................................................................................................................................... 25

iv

Samoa ....................................................................................................................................... 25

Tuvalu ........................................................................................................................................ 25

Vanuatu ..................................................................................................................................... 25

Tonga ........................................................................................................................................ 25

CI ............................................................................................................................................... 25

JICA ............................................................................................................................................ 25

LMMA Network ......................................................................................................................... 25

Maritime NZ .............................................................................................................................. 26

OFCF .......................................................................................................................................... 26

PIFS ............................................................................................................................................ 26

PNA ........................................................................................................................................... 26

The Nature Conservancy (Palau) .............................................................................................. 26

SPC Division of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems ............................................. 26

USP ............................................................................................................................................ 26

Yamaha ..................................................................................................................................... 26

FAO ............................................................................................................................................ 26

Attachment C: Group work discussions for day one of the workshop ............................................. 27

Attachment D: Group work discussions for day two of the workshop............................................. 31

v

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

CI Conservation International

COVID-19 2019 Novel Coronavirus/Coronavirus Disease

CSO Civil Society Organisation

EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon

FAD(s) Fish Aggregating Device(s)

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FDAPIN Fisheries Development Assistance for Pacific Island Nations

FishFAD “Enhancing livelihoods for food security through fisheries with nearshore fish

project aggregating devices (FADs) in the Pacific Ocean” project

GEF Global Environment Facility

GPS Global Positioning System

GCF Green Climate Fund

IUU Illegal, Underreported and Unregulated

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

LMMA Locally Managed Marine Area – Network Network

MFAT Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (New Zealand)

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NZ New Zealand

OFCF Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation of Japan

PIFS Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat

PLB Personal Locator Beacon

PMSP Pacific Marine Safety Programme (New Zealand)

vi

PMU Project Management Unit

PNA Parties to the Nauru Agreement

PNG Papua New Guinea

PROP Pacific Islands Regional Oceanscape Program

PSC Project Steering Committee

Q&A Question and Answer

RMI Republic of the Marshall Islands

SOP Standard Operating Procedure

SAP Sub-regional Office for the Pacific Islands (FAO)

SPC Pacific Community

TAILS E-reporting application used to collect various data from artisanal fisheries

TNC The Nature Conservancy

USP University of the South Pacific

VHF Very high frequency (radio)

vii

1

INTRODUCTION AND OPENING OF WORKSHOP

FAO arranged the FishFAD workshop to bring together participating countries and partners for them

to progress with their country activities and introduce a range of innovations for countries to consider

during the prioritisation process. The virtual two-day workshop included a single two-and-a-half-hour

session each day. The workshop was virtual in response to COVID-19, as most Pacific Island countries

have their boarders closed. The workshop agenda is included as Attachment A, and the participant list

is included as Attachment B.

Eriko Hibi, FAO Sub-Regional Coordinator for the Pacific, opened the workshop and joined from

Yokohama, Japan. Hibi thanked everyone for her last four years working in the Pacific and said she

looked forward to receiving success stories on FishFAD project activities, which she will pass on to the

people of Japan.

COVID-19 has changed the way work is done, and we now need to ensure all countries, colleagues

and partners can continue to participate in the project. Incomes have been lost as a result of COVID-

19, both at land and sea. Pacific people have had to further focus on food security, which is increasing

fishing pressure on coastal or reef resources and food production from small-scale agriculture. These

changes make the FishFAD project more relevant with its focus on small-scale tuna fishing, including

how this fits in the COVID-19 environment.

2

DAY ONE OF THE WORKSHOP

OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

Jessica Sanders, Lead Technical Officer of the FAO Sub-Regional Office for the Pacific Islands (SAP),

provided a short overview of the FishFAD project. She welcomed the participating countries (Fiji,

Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Palau, Samoa, Tuvalu and Vanuatu). Tonga also attended as it is supported

by a sister project. Other partners associated with the project participated, and these include the

following (in no specific order):

Pacific Community (SPC)

University of the South Pacific (USP)

Pacific islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS)

Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA)

Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation (OFCF)

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Yamaha Corporation

Maritime New Zealand (NZ): Pacific Maritime Safety Programme (PMSP)

The Nature Conservancy (TNC)

WorldFish

Conservation International (CI)

Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) Network

World Bank

The FishFAD project is the result of several activities initiated by the FAO Samoa Office. These

include several fisheries staff from the Pacific undertaking a study tour of fishing and cooperative

activities in the Caribbean (Barbados, Grenada and Dominica) in May 2018 to exchange ideas and

experiences. In addition, a survey of fish aggregating devices (FADs) and fisher associations in selected

Pacific island countries was conducted in 2018, and an FAO/SPC expert consultation on small-scale

tuna fishery development and associated value-chains in the Pacific was held in October 2018. The

FishFAD project has four outcome areas or components:

1. Community nearshore FAD programmes are strengthened and developed to provide

improved access to high-value tuna species;

2. Fisher associations and cooperatives are structured and strengthened;

3. Livelihood opportunities and revenue-generating activities (ecotourism, post-harvest

processing and marketing, sports fishing) are developed; and

4. Safety at sea is improved for FAD fishers.

Baseline assessments were conducted in all countries after the project started on 1 May 2019,

which identified potential priority activities for countries. The Project Management Unit (PMU) was

3

also established and the project team recruited. The Inception Workshop in February 2020 allowed

countries to further prioritise activities under outcome areas 1 and 4: FADs and safety at sea.

Therefore, the current workshop focused more on outcomes 2 and 3: fisher associations and livelihood

opportunities.

INNOVATION PRESENTATIONS

Mike Savins, Chief Technical Adviser/Team Leader for the FishFAD project, facilitated the session on

innovations. The session covered the following three innovation presentations:

REVENUE GENERATING ACTIVITIES – INNOVATIONS IN POST-HARVEST VALUE-ADD Mr Mike Savins presented. This presentation aimed to examine alternative post-harvest activities that

focus on better utilisation of tuna, which require good on-board handling and icing to ensure quality

and food-safe tuna land in domestic markets for domestic processing activities. At present, most

fishers troll around FADs, whereas mid-water fishing methods will target the larger, deeper swimming

tuna, which are good for post-harvest activities. Therefore, the FishFAD project will continue with an

emphasis on training fishers to add other FAD fishing techniques to their present fishing methods,

providing them with a greater opportunity to increase landings. The following products and processes

were discussed:

Drying thin-sliced fish strips in a rural environment with a drying rack covered with a

polycarbonate UV-resistant clear cover to increase the temperature to deter flies during the

first day of drying. The product can then be moved to an open drying rack on days two and

three, as there will be less flies with a partially dried product. Flies prefer fresh fish meat.

Using a solar convection dryer to increase the temperature and reduce drying times. The

unit can have back-up heating using coconut husks used in overcast or evening conditions. If

mounted to a processing facility, the product can be loaded and unloaded from the dryer

within a contained environment.

Marketing savoury dried “tuna jerky”, which is currently popular in almost all Pacific Island

countries. It can be developed for boutique markets with attractive packaging for high-end

tourist duty free sales and other markets.

Piloting a re-locatable post-harvest processing area to understand the true economics and

assist with the learning curve for new community fish processors.

Creating tuna sausages through hand extrusion or possibly commercial hand-operated

sausage fillers (extruders). The tuna sausages are a healthier alternative to the generally

more fatty, non-fish sausages.

Producing minced or rolled tuna utilising tuna offcuts that can also be seasoned before

rolling them into a 3mm thick strip for drying. Once the strip is dried, it can be cut into

smaller pieces to sell.

Micro-canning options for tuna, although this is the subject of the next presentation.

Ensuring food safety, which is essential and a major priority. Good hygiene practices covered

under a managed safe operating procedure are essential to avoid any chance of food

becoming contaminated. This is especially true for micro-canning.

4

Providing clean and potable water, which is essential for any fish processing. Portable water

filtration tanks can be developed to provide the potable water needed for post-harvest

activities.

MICRO-CANNING IN THE PACIFIC

Chris Bourne, Food Processing Engineer from Foodstream, presented. This presentation aimed to

examine the possibility of micro-canning in the Pacific and experiences in the PNA countries where

demonstrations and training were provided. The presentation made the following key points:

Micro-canning is targeting simple, low-cost production of canned food to the same safety

standards that commercial canneries use. The main opportunities are value-add/utilisation

of bycatch; in-country production for food security; and high-quality specialist production for

niche markets (e.g. delicatessen-grade, ethical food and traditional ingredients).

Micro-canning has been conducted through a collaboration with Foodstream and the PNA

Office since 2014, and activities and training have been provided in the Republic of the

Marshall Islands (RMI), Solomon Islands, Palau, Samoa, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Nauru and

Kiribati.

When processing on a small scale, pelagic fish can be processed as a “raw pack”. More

natural oils are retained as the fish is cooked in the can (no pre-cooking as done with

commercial tuna canning), with laboratory test showing around five-seven times higher

Omega-3 levels.

Micro-canning is best for products that can tolerate a strong cook, such as fish and meats, or

high-acid products that only need a short process, such as fruits. There is limited application

for vegetables, leafy greens, etc. It only works with special packaging; strong, properly

lacquered cans; and/or special (reusable) jars.

Economic viability needs to be assessed and this will vary depending on the location, with

the fish (raw product) packaging and labour being the main costs. Opportunity exists if one

of these costs can be reduced (e.g. utilising bycatch). A recycling scheme with a refund for

returning glass jars is possible, with Kiribati and PNG using this method.

The most important aspect is that micro-canning needs to be conducted correctly and to

health standards; If it is not done correctly, it can be deadly. Therefore, proper training is

critical to ensure that any processor understands the risks and micro-canning is done safely

for the consumer.

Having the appropriate equipment and packaging is also essential, all of which needs to be

validated by people “process authorities” before using micro-canning.

5

FAD FISHING AND TRAINING DURING COVID-19 AND KEY ELEMENTS OF A NATIONAL FAD PROGRAMME David Itano, FAO consultant, presented. This presentation aimed to achieve the following:

1) present FAD fishing methods and activities considering issues imposed by COVID-19 and 2) discuss

recommended elements of a sustained and sustainable national FAD programme. The presentation

had the following key points:

Trolling for tuna on FADs can be expensive in fuel use and only surface fish are targeted,

which are usually smaller fish.

Instead, FishFAD promotes a range of mid-water FAD fishing methods to target larger,

higher-value fish found at about 40 m below that also bite later in the morning, thus

extending productive fishing hours.

Access to manufactured fishing equipment can be difficult in the region and may now be

worse given restricted flights due to COVID-19. Using basic materials that are inexpensive

and locally available are more practical, which is getting back to basics.

The “drop-stone” fishing method has been used in many Pacific countries for centuries, and

it only requires a stone and a large leaf to place the baited hook at the desired depth.

An alternative is the “Palu-ahi” method that uses the same principle, with a lead weight and

chum cloth attached to the line that can be repeatedly dropped. Bait cloths are easily made,

and lead weighs can be cast using an empty can as a mould. Scuba leads also work.

Jigging with a weighted spreader bar can be very productive, and it can be made using paint

can handles and scrap lead. Lures are easily fashioned from chicken feathers or scrap ribbon.

Single-hook buoy drift lines can also be used with the best results obtained from using live

bait that eliminates problems to access lures that can be costly. The gear is a simple line of

30–50 m in length with a hook at one end and a float at the other end. A fisher can release

several buoys up-current of the FAD to drift past. However, access to quality circle hooks is

needed for all methods to work.

A sustainable national FAD programme requires four main elements: capacity, management,

end-user engagement and stable funding. It is recommended that the lead agency support a

Figure 1

First Poll: What type of post-harvest techniques are you most interested in?

18%

26%

30%

15%

11% tuna sausage

micro-canning of tuna

smoked tuna products

tuna jerky

cured and smoked tunasteaks

6

FAD coordinator position to oversee a FAD programme that includes data management,

administration and technical support with community engagement and training.

The placement of FADs is critical and should be conducted through informed site selection

with proper site surveys using a suitable depth sounder and Global Positioning System (GPS)

chart plotter.

A computer register should be maintained for all FADs, with the materials or components

used; lengths; and types of ropes, shackles, chains, etc. Deployment information should be

recorded, such as deployment depth, position, date, etc. Information on FAD loss and cause

of loss should be recorded to track FAD performance to promote design improvements.

FAD maintenance and repair are essential to extend the life of FADs.

GPS/echo sounder buoys can be used to monitor FAD position and the amount of

aggregated fish, which allows fishers to quickly locate FADs and fish them more effectively.

It is essential to involve the local fishing community in the FAD programme, which promotes

pride and support of the programme; reduces vandalism; and improves catch reporting,

monitoring and maintenance of the FAD.

Deploying and fishing on FADs are key and need training support. In the COVID-19 age,

multi-media approaches will be needed. These can be conducted through developing

training videos, printing additional materials and conducting interactive workshops through

online visual platforms.

QUESTION AND ANSWER (Q&A) SESSION ON THE INNOVATION PRESENTATIONS

Following the three innovation presentations, a Q&A session was held. Participants were invited to

ask questions or provide comments either through the chat function or to raise their virtual hand. The

facilitator moderated the session, which is summarised in Table 1.

7

Table 1

Summary of questions asked, comments made and responses provided after the three

presentations

Questions asked or comments made Responses from the FishFAD team

Outcome area: FADs

What would be the carrying capacity of an anchored FAD—how many fish and for how long?

This is variable, from a lot to a little. Tagging trials and acoustic work have recorded up to 100 MT of fish around an anchored FAD.

Can the project supply GPS and suitable echo sounders to countries?

The project is looking at the technology and costs and will keep countries informed.

Can the project work with local colleges to transfer knowledge?

Yes, by working with fisheries departments and looking at options to use local capacity for training activities.

Encouraging fishers to fish deeper may lead to conflict between fishers using different techniques. Need awareness materials and to look at vertical distribution of tuna over 24 hrs.

Archival tagging data show that tuna are deeper in the daytime. Some chumming can bring the tuna closer to the surface.

Can the project support purchasing satellite-linked gear to assess tuna abundance around the FADs?

The project will have to look at this and related costs, so cannot commit at this stage.

Outcome area: Livelihood opportunities

There were canning trials in Samoa in the 1980s—can this be revived in Samoa?

Yes, and we can only do small-scale micro-canning with training and a pilot.

Have both commercial and small-scale post-harvest smoking equipment and provide training in this activity. The University of the South Pacific (USP) is also conducting an economic evaluation of small-scale smoking operations and asked if there were any reports on the subject that could be shared.

Under FishFAD, an economic analysis will be conducted on all post-harvest activities, and the reports will be shared. FishFAD would also like to work with USP on some training activities.

Is there any economic analysis of small-scale or micro-canning available?

There are plenty of economic analysis data on large-scale canning, but nothing on micro-canning. The project will need to conduct a pilot to obtain economic data. Has a model for packaging options, which will be made available.

8

SPC PRESENTATION ON OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROVIDING ASSISTANCE ON FAD FISHERIES IN

THE COVID-19 ENVIRONMENT

Ian Bertram, Coastal Fisheries Science, Management and Livelihoods Adviser at SPC, and William

Sokimi, Fisheries Development Officer at SPC, presented. This presentation aimed to update countries

on where SPC could provide assistance and collaborate with the FishFAD project for the different

outcome areas. The presentation made the following key points:

SPC is exploring options to develop different online tools, such as a training video for FAD

rigging to complement the FAD manual, but nothing is developed at this stage.

SPC can assist with, provide input on and work with the FishFAD project team in the

following areas:

o drafting the FAD management plan template and the plans themselves;

o developing materials on the benefits of FADs, fishing techniques and safety at sea;

o the logistics of FAD rigging, deployment and maintenance and FAD fishing

techniques;

o reviewing and updating the FAD monitoring manual as country experience is gained

and new ideas emerge; and

o running virtual trainings in using the TAILS application, if needed.

SPC is currently drafting a manual on nearshore fishing methods for small-scale fishers

targeting nearshore pelagic species.

For outcome area 2 on fisher associations, SPC can assist with a gap analysis on the benefits

of establishing and/or joining associations through the organisation’s socio-economist, who

is currently based in Hawaii.

For outcome area 3 on livelihoods, SPC can assist with conducting assessments on cost and

the viability of different activities or operations.

For outcome area 4 on sea safety, SPC can assist with drafting regulations for small crafts

and developing mobile applications for sea safety purposes.

There is also potential for linking FishFAD meetings to SPC regional meetings, although there

are none planned for the remainder of 2020.

9

GROUP WORK FOR COUNTRIES AND PARTNERS

Following the SPC presentation, Mele Tauati, FAO consultant, then introduced the work to be done

during the group work session. She outlined both the question for countries and the question for

partners that would be discussed. There were set facilitators and note takers for each group, and the

facilitator was asked to ensure each group had a person nominated to report back for their group.

The participants (country members and partners) were then divided into four breakout groups to

discuss the three presentations covering value-added tuna processes, micro-canning, and FAD fishing

techniques and technology during COVID-19. The countries were asked to provide their priority area,

while partners were asked if they were conducting project activities in these areas, regardless of which

country was conducting a related activity.

At the end of the group work, each group representative presented the discussion results. Table 2

summarises the results from the groups, with the detailed discussions included in Attachment 3. Tonga

is not specifically covered under the FishFAD project, but funded by a complimentary project that

covers the same outcome areas as FishFAD, so the country has been included in this workshop. Note:

Palau was not present for the first day of the workshop, so has no priority activities recorded in

Table 2. Tuvalu was not present during the first two innovation presentations and was only able to

comment on the last presentation on FAD fishing techniques.

Figure 1

Second Poll: Has the small-scale fishing effort on FADs been affected by COVID-19 in your

country?

45%

9%

46%

Yes, there is more FAD fishingeffort in coastal areas

No, there has been no change

Yes, there is less FAD fishingeffort in coastal areas

10

Table 2

Summary of group work discussions by country and partner

Country or partner

Value-added tuna processing (community

context) Micro-canning

FAD fishing techniques and

technology during COVID-19

Question for countries: Which innovation or activity that you thought was suitable would be a top priority for implementation in your country?

FJI TOP priority Third Second level

KIR Second level TOP priority

MHL Second level TOP priority

PLW1 Second level TOP priority

WSM Second level Second level TOP priority

TUV TOP priority

VUT TOP priority Second level TOP priority

TON Second level Second level TOP priority

Question for partners: Do you have any planned projects or activities related to the topics raised during the presentations?

USP Yes

JICA Yes

Yamaha Yes

PIFS Possibly

TNC Interested Yes

CI Yes Interested Yes

World Bank Yes Yes Yes

Maritime NZ Yes (sea safety)

SPC Yes

OFCF Yes Interested Yes

PNA Yes Yes

1 Palau was not present on the first day and provided its priorities on the second day. These have been added to the table.

11

WRAP-UP AND CLOSE OF DAY ONE

Sanders from FAO provided a brief wrap-up for the day and highlighted that there was more work to

do on FADs, as it was apparent from the group work this was a high priority for most countries, along

with post-harvest activities for some countries. To support the FAD work, FAO will make progress on

the FAD management plan template that is being developed. Once internal comments are

incorporated, FAO will circulate this template to countries for their feedback.

Lindsay Chapman, FAO consultant, then introduced homework for countries to work on their

individual Excel files using the merged spreadsheet. This work included completing the following tasks:

1) reassess top priorities under outcome 1 on FADs based on the day’s presentations and any changes

as a result of COVID-19 and 2) identify two priority activities under outcome 3 on livelihoods based on

the presentations and activities that were identified earlier in the project. The aim was to have two

priorities each for outcomes1 and 3, and these would be presented during the Project Steering

Committee (PSC) meeting on Thursday, 20 August 2020.

The virtual meeting was then closed for the day, with FAO thanking all participants and looking

forward to continuing the workshop the following day, starting at the same time.

12

DAY TWO OF THE WORKSHOP

OPENING REMARKS

Sanders welcomed participants to the second and final day of the workshop, thanking everyone for

their participation in the first day. The Zoom approach for virtual meetings was a new experience for

many, and it seemed participants were getting comfortable using this software for the meeting. The

focus of the meeting on day one was post-harvest activities and FADs and FAD programmes. The focus

on day two was safety at sea and fisher associations or cooperatives. There was a change to the

agenda, with four innovation presentations to start, and then it would be the same process after this

for the rest of the day.

Savins then introduced each of the innovation presentations for the morning session.

INNOVATION PRESENTATIONS

DE-RISKING OPERATION OF SMALL BOATS Dan Davy, naval architect consultant with the United Nations, presented. The presentation aimed to

highlight common faults with small boats and methods to overcome these issues for safety at sea for

small-scale fishers. The presentation made the following key points:

There were three main elements to overcome risks for small boats:

o They need to remain afloat in all events;

o They need effective communication; and

o They should have emergency propulsion.

Boats become the “life raft” if they become swamped, so they need to have built-in

buoyancy to keep the boat afloat and level. Buoyance can be calculated; however, it should

be tested. Appropriately placed closed cell foam or even waste plastic bottles can be used to

provide the necessary buoyancy.

A small craft needs to have effective communication with other boats and with people on

shore in the event of engine failure, lack of fuel or a capsize. Very high frequency (VHF)

radios are good, but may need a shore station or rely on relaying messages from boat to

boat and to shore. Mobile phones can be a good communication back-up where reception is

possible. It is best to have two forms of communication on board a small craft.

A small craft needs to have an alternative form of propulsion in the event of an engine

breakdown or lack of fuel. A spare outboard can be carried on for this purpose. In addition,

paddles or oars can be carried on, and these can also be used with a sail to make an

emergency sail rig that is simple, low cost and accessible.

Fishing boats need to be fit for purpose, as boats are working further offshore and carrying

larger loads, which may affect the seaworthiness of the vessel and increase sea safety risks

for the skipper and crew.

13

There are national, regional and international standards and regulations around vessel

construction, carrying capacity, stability, seaworthiness, etc. All small crafts should follow

and adhere to these, especially when fishing outside the reef or further offshore.

MARITIME NZ PMSP Arthur Jobard, Maritime NZ Chief Technical Adviser (PMSP), presented. This presentation aimed to

outline PMSP’s work and highlight community education areas and sea safety for small-scale fishers.

The presentation made the following key points:

The PMSP has been funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT)

since 2012, providing assistance to seven countries and territories (American Samoa, Cook

Islands, Niue, Norfolk Island, Tokelau, Tonga and Samoa).

The PMSP aims to build capacity and awareness of maritime safety practices and

technologies, with the long-term goal of reducing the risk of loss of life at sea. PMSP works

in five main areas: community education, providing regulatory support, marine school

support, domestic shipping support, and search and rescue and oil spill response training.

PMSP has provided community education in Kiribati, targeting women, children and

artisanal fishers. Around ten workshops are conducted each year covering the basic

concepts of safety at sea and providing support for outboard engine servicing and

maintenance.

For artisanal fishers, PMSP focuses on boat maintenance, outboard engine maintenance,

fuel condition, and sea safety equipment (lifejackets, emergency position indicating radio

beacon [EPIRB], flares, VHF, etc.).

PMSP is selling EPIRBs in Kiribati at a subsidised rate. While there has been good uptake,

funding is needed for life jackets.

Fuel condition is a big problem in Kiribati as the fuel comes in 200 litre drums and

condensation forms water in the drums as they are used. Fishers remove the filters when

filling their tanks to make it go faster, but this allows water to enter the tank with the fuel,

and the water can cause engine failure.

PMSP also provides training for artisanal fishers in basic navigation safety, which includes

advising family members of the fishing trip, pre-departure boat and equipment checks, basic

navigation concepts, situation awareness at sea, and emergency alerting.

There is still a need for fishers to become qualified to meet national requirements when

fishing outside the reef.

FAO/SPC SURVEY OF FISHER ASSOCIATIONS IN SELECTED PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES Robert (Bob) Gillett, FAO consultant, presented. This presentation aimed to update meeting

participants on the study results and lessons that could be learned and applied to the FishFAD project

moving forward. The presentation made the following key points:

The study examined how small-scale associations operate or function, including their

strengths and limitations, and their potential to enhance the engagement of coastal fisheries

stakeholders with fishery agencies.

The study was conducted from October—December 2018, with eight countries and

territories selected (Fiji, Tonga, French Polynesia, Cook Islands, Tuvalu, Federated States of

14

Micronesia, Marshall Islands and Palau) by Bob Gillett and Mike McCoy, who were also

conducting a parallel study on FADs in the same countries.

One or two fisher associations in each country assessed against the set criteria covered the

history of the association, objectives and registration, membership, functioning of the

association, finances, relationship of the association to the government, assistance to the

association, and success and improvements.

A 72-page report was produced, with the three following key results:

o In many cases, an association’s stated objectives aimed to improve marketing fish

for association members and create a mechanism for channelling government and

non-governmental organisation (NGO) assistance to members.

o An association’s relationship to a government fishery agency was a delicate balance;

being a good “friend” of the agency to receive grants and other benefits, while being

assertive when no action is being taken by the agency on important issues.

o Association successes and challenges. A success is receiving a grant from the fishery

agency, while a common challenge is the failure of an association fish market to be

financially viable.

Many Pacific countries lack a mechanism for small-scale fishers to engage with the

government fishery agency, which results in coastal fisheries governance suffering.

However, some of the small-scale fisher associations seem to be able to perform this

function, putting forth fishers’ interest.

STEWARDFISH FISHERFOLK ORGANISATIONS – CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS Terrence Phillips, Regional Project Coordinator for the StewardFish project, presented. This

presentation aimed to share experiences from the Caribbean regarding challenges that fisherfolk

(fishers and fish workers) organisations face in relation to their participation in governance and dealing

with livelihoods, as well as the assistance they are receiving under StewardFish to create solutions.

The presentation made the following key points:

The fisheries sector in the Caribbean Community provided at least 117,000 jobs in small-

scale fisheries and aquaculture and around 400,000 jobs (particularly for women) in fish

processing, marketing, boat construction, new repairs and other support services.

Health fish stocks are vitally important for the sustainability of coastal communities and

rural livelihoods.

The StewardFish project, which covers seven countries (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados,

Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), aims to

empower fisherfolk to engage in resource management decision-making processes and

sustainable livelihoods, with strengthened institutional support at all levels. It is guided by

the ecosystem approach to fisheries principles and seeks to promote women’s

empowerment through leadership, capacity building and engagement.

The StewardFish project seeks to address such barriers as the limited capacity of regional

and national fisherfolk organisations to achieve objectives aligned with fisheries policies and

plans; inadequate capacity of fisheries-related state agencies at the national and local levels

to support fisheries institutions and stewardship; and insufficient knowledge and capacity

among fisherfolk to lead on ecosystem stewardship practices for fisheries sustainability by a

set of activities to achieve the outputs and outcomes under four components (developing

organisational capacity for fisheries governance; enhancing ecosystem stewardship for

15

fisheries’ sustainability; securing sustainable livelihoods for food and nutrition security; and

project management, monitoring and evaluation, and communication).

Project implementation structure involves the collaboration of fisherfolk

organisations/fisheries division in national activities with regional executing partners. It also

targets the national/lead primary fisherfolk organisations and fisheries-related agencies in

each of the participating countries.

In terms of the delivery of project activities, some of the approaches highlighted include the

following:

o Using a mentorship approach to evaluate fisherfolk organisations and build

organisational capacity, including providing support to carry out priority actions.

o Establishing a “Virtual Leadership Institute”, which began in April 2020 with monthly

sessions held at night to build the capacity of fisherfolk leaders.

o Using a participatory approach to adapt international guidelines to produce a

regional code of conduct and ethics for Caribbean fishers.

o Using social media and low-cost communication to increase public awareness of the

ecosystem approach to fisheries and about gender, as well as promoting upcoming

events.

o Creating synergies with other projects, such as the Small-Scale Fisheries Gender

project.

Solutions and innovations have been implemented due to the COVID-19 disruption, with a

shift to virtual activities and webinars using Zoom and other tools. Other innovations

include carrying out careful monitoring to determine the most suitable and safest time to

implement activities that require social interaction, using more on-the-ground human

resources, and finalising a staff travel and engagement policy under COVID-19 by one of the

regional executing partners.

Q&A SESSION ON THE INNOVATION PRESENTATIONS

Following the four innovation presentations, a Q&A session was held. Participants were invited to ask

questions or provide comments either through the chat function or to raise their virtual hand. The

facilitator moderated the session, which is summarised in Table 3.

16

Table 3: Summary of questions asked, comments made and responses provided after the three

presentations

Questions asked or comments made Responses from the FishFAD team/presenters

Outcome area: Fisher associations and cooperatives

What size is the StewardFish project? It is a medium-size Global Environment Facility (GEF) project worth USD $1.7 million over three years.

Fisher associations—what is the best advice on the role for Fisheries Departments or civil society organisations (CSOs)?

From the regional and Fiji studies, Fisheries Departments have established fisher associations and suggest taking advantage of others’ successful experiences, such as the Cook Islands’ model or approach. Fisheries Departments play a key role in providing an enabling environment by implementing policies and plans to support associations. CSOs make good partners for capacity development, mentoring, etc. In the Caribbean, the University of the West Indies is focusing on gender in fisheries.

How does the Cook Islands’ approach to fisher associations work?

The Cook Islands uses a national approach and has a good relationship with the Fisheries Department. The country holds regular meetings and has realistic expectations.

The Independent State of Papua New Guinea established an industry association in 1991 for the tuna industry to have a united voice, which was the point of contact with government. It is also key to have clear goals and dedicated people with their own funding. Now, there are primarily foreign companies with no input from artisanal fishers. Also, it is not good for the government to take the lead, as it will be short lived. The direction needs to come from local fishers.

National baseline operation procedures for fisher associations are poorly established in the region. Countries are diverse in their challenges faced. It is also critical to differentiate recreational associations from community-based subsistence associations.

What is the perceived sustainability of fisher associations after GEF funding ends in the Caribbean? Below are links to JICA documents on FAD management and fisher associations in the Caribbean:

http://www.crfm.int/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=463:carifico-outputs-documents&Itemid=436

https://www.flseagrant.org/wp-content/uploads/TP_234_web.pdf

https://www.flseagrant.org/wp-content/uploads/CARIFCO_Survey_web.pdf

17

Outcome area: Safety at sea

Questions asked or comments made Responses from the FishFAD team/presenters

Do fibreglass boats need foam for additional buoyance?

Yes, for all forms of boats, and you need to calculate the buoyance to know how much foam to add.

How does Fiji engage with the Maritime NZ programme for assistance?

Fiji would have to formally write the programme through the New Zealand High Commission to ask for assistance.

Does the Maritime NZ programme fund equipment, such as safety at sea equipment and safety tools?

In Kiribati, the programme is providing EPIRB and personal locator beacons at a subsidised cost to fishers. Fiji should include this request in the official letter.

Can assistance be provided for national boat building with boat designs and blueprints?

FAO is funding a separate project in Vanuatu on this objective, and it should begin in early 2021. The project will look at suitable boat designs. In addition, the CI Green Climate Fund (GCF) project proposal includes some boat design work.

Fishers remove fuel filters to make the fuelling process faster.

Outcome area: Livelihood opportunities

Are any reports on the economic viability of small-scale, post-harvest products available?

FAO will share reports with Tuvalu.

18

GROUP WORK FOR COUNTRIES AND PARTNERS

Following the Q&A session, Tauati introduced the task to be done during the group work session. She

outlined both the question for countries and the question for partners, which were the same as day

one. There were set facilitators and note takers for each group, and the facilitator was asked to ensure

each group had a person nominated to report back for their group.

The participants (country members and partners) were then divided into four breakout groups to

discuss the four presentations covering de-risking boats with an emergency foam and sail, the

Maritime NZ PMSP, the Pacific fisher association study, and fisher associations and/or cooperatives—

the Caribbean experience. The countries were asked to provide their priority area, while partners were

asked if they were conducting project of activities in these areas, regardless of which countries were

conducting them.

At the end of the group work, the representative from each group presented the results in the

discussion. Table 4 summarises the results from the groups, with the detailed discussions included in

Attachment 4. Tonga is not specifically covered under the FishFAD project, but funded by a

complimentary project that covers the same outcome areas as FishFAD, so it has been included in this

workshop.

Figure 3

Third Poll: What are your top priorities on sea safety?

19

Table 4

Summary of group work discussions by country and partner for Day Two.

Country or partner

De-risking boats with an

emergency foam and sail

Maritime NZ PMSP

Pacific fisher association

study

Fisher associations

and/or cooperatives— the Caribbean

experience

Question for countries: Which innovation or activity that you thought was suitable would be a top priority for implementation in your country?

FJI TOP priority TOP priority Second level

KIR TOP priority TOP priority

MHL TOP priority Second level

PLW TOP priority TOP priority

WSM TOP priority Second level

TUV TOP priority TOP priority

VUT TOP priority TOP priority TOP priority

TON TOP priority Second level

Question for partners: Do you have any planned projects or activities related to the topics raised during the presentations?

JICA Yes Yes

Yamaha Yes

LMMA Yes

TNC Interested Yes Yes

CI Yes Interested

World Bank Yes Yes

OFCF Yes Yes Interested

PNA Interested Interested Yes

During this session, there were additional and useful discussions held using the chat function, with the

following key points raised:

It is important to establish regional standardization of sea safety equipment for (i) types of

equipment, (2) training in using such equipment, and (3) training in maintenance of such

equipment and batteries. It was noted that Maritime NZ will be looking into this with SPC

and FAO. The difficulty and high cost of transporting flares to remote locations was also

raised, and Maritime NZ is testing electronic flares in Kiribati. The International Maritime

Organization (IMO) is looking into approving electronic flares, although this will be a long

process.

The hidden expense of maintaining life rafts was also raised. Maritime NZ supports the

concept of small boats with additional buoyancy.

On solar freezers, SPC suggested exploring the effectiveness of producing ice from solar

energy (solar ice machines).

20

A partner asked about outboard motor maintenance, e.g., if the two-stroke engine is going

to be phased out, and if so, how might this affect small-scale fisheries in the Pacific? In

response, another partner stated they do not believe that two-stroke outboard engines are

going to be phased out within the next decade. Such a move would certainly have instant

negative impacts for small-scale fisheries, not only in the Pacific but in other parts of the

world. The engine manufacturers have yet to invent a complete alternative to the two-

stroke outboard engine, in spite of their efforts, in view of easy maintenance, compactness

and other advantages resulting from its simple structure. Even in the environmental

discussion, you will not be able to omit the fact that all combustion engines consume certain

amounts of oil and all four-stroke engines or diesel engines must be properly maintained,

which includes the periodic disposal of oil, even in remote islands.

There was some discussion about two-stroke vs. four-stroke outboards, with a preference

for two-stroke outboards, given they were easier for fishers to work on. Others added they

are moving to bigger boats with inboard engines to improve fish production. The region is

experiencing an increasing population with a greater need for food security and livelihood

activities to support local populations. The Pacific islands are scattered and using small boats

with a two-stroke engine is not very economical. Transitioning to the four-stroke outboard

engine is possible, starting from a limited area when all conditions are met. However, it is

not only a matter of device/products, it is also a matter of infrastructure and peoples’

mentality and governance. Hasty and flat change is also too risky.

21

NEXT STEPS AND MOVING FORWARD

Sanders presented the final session, starting with a recap of the two-day workshop. On the first day,

it became clear that countries are now using FADs as a tool to assist communities with the potential

food security impacts of COVID-19. The next step is providing training in mid-water fishing techniques

to target the larger, deeper swimming tuna. Small-scale, post-harvest options for rural communities

were also identified as a priority, and there is a need for training in the different techniques. On day

two of the workshop, safety at sea was identified as a priority, with countries interested in community

awareness programmes, a need for training in outboard engine maintenance and access to spare

parts. For fisher associations, the focus was on self-sustaining associations and the role that

governments and other partners can play by enabling and supporting associations.

Sanders also presented the next steps to move project implementation forward. To start, one of the

regional studies on the effectiveness of FADs has begun. Additional regional studies that are desk-

based will also proceed, including a review of environmentally friendly FADs and FAD materials and a

study on markets for shelf-stable, value-added and post-harvest products. Regional tools may include

a FAD manual (SPC) and possible online tools and proceeding with the draft FAD monitoring guidelines.

The project is also looking into using Facebook Messenger as the FAD network platform.

The FishFAD project also wants to strengthen partner collaboration, which was further discussed at

the PSC meeting the next day. Moving forward with the country plans is critical, which the FISHFAD

team working with each country will carry out via email for country priority activities, holding a

separate Zoom meeting with each country to share information, discuss the country plan and assess

project coordination. FAO will also look at developing a financial mechanism (e.g., letter of agreement)

with each country and finalise hiring national project assistants.

Information sharing is an important part of the project, and all the workshop presentations are

available on Google Drive at the link provided2, including results from the group discussions and links

to useful resources. The link to the meeting recording will also be provided. FishFAD also has a website

under development, which is planned to go live in September with links to project information,

documents and news. There is also a quarterly newsletter with information and news, and the first

issue has been disseminated.

Before closing, Chapman, FAO consultant, introduced the homework, which asked for countries to

work on their individual Excel files using the merged spreadsheet to complete the following tasks: 1)

reassess their top priorities under outcome area 4 on safety at sea based on the day’s presentations

and any changes as a result of COVID-19 and 2) identify two priority activities under outcome area 2

on fisher associations based on the presentations and activities that had been previously identified in

2 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ltETviWUX3dfc7cC2jWjiTWcgUMZUQWb?usp=sharing

22

the project. The aim was to have two priorities each for outcome areas 2 and 4, which were presented

at the PSC meeting on Thursday, 20 August 2020.

The virtual meeting then closed for the day, with FAO reminding participants about the PSC meeting

the next day at the same time. The PSC meeting was held for project countries and project

implementing partners to review project implementation to date, discuss country priorities

(homework) and agree on next steps. FAO and the FishFAD team thanked all participants, noting they

looked forward to their participation at the PSC meeting.

23

ATTACHMENT A: WORKSHOP AGENDA

FISHFAD Workshop

Enhancing livelihoods and food security through fisheries with nearshore fish aggregating devices in the

Pacific Ocean (FishFAD Project)

Provisional Agenda

Day one – workshop

Tuesday, 18 August

Time (Tarawa)

Session Topic

12.00 – 12.10 Opening remarks Opening of the virtual meeting and introductions

12.10 –12.20

FishFAD project team and management arrangements

Project team introductions and project-level strategies

12.20 – 12.45 3 short innovation presentations

1: Value-added tuna processing in the community context 2: Micro-canning 3: FAD fishing techniques and technology during COVID-19

12.45 – 13.00 General Q&A on the 3 presentations

Plenary Q&As covering the 3 presentations

13.00 – 13.10 SPC presentation Opportunities to provide assistance on FAD fisheries in the current COVID-19 context

13.10 – 13.15 Introduction to breakout groups

Instructions on how the breakout groups work and the questions to be answered

13.15 – 14.00 Breakout group work Discussion on presentations for new ideas for country-specific national activities

14.00 – 14:.20 Reporting back Representative from each group to report

14.20 – 14.30 Wrap-up and closure for the day

Chair to do a short wrap-up for the day and explain the homework for countries

Country homework: Countries were asked to start reviewing their country activities and priorities

across relevant outcome areas, as countries will report back on this at the PSC meeting.

24

Day two – workshop

Wednesday, 19 August

Time (Tarawa) Session Topic

12.00 – 12.05 Opening remarks Recap of day one and plan for today

12.05 – 12.40 4 short innovation presentations

1: De-risking boats with emergency foam and sail 2: Maritime NZ PMSP 3: Pacific fisher association study 4: Fisher associations and/or cooperatives—the Caribbean experience

12.40 – 12.55 General Q&A on the 4 presentations

Plenary Q&As covering the 4 presentations

12.55 – 13.00 Introduction to breakout groups

Instructions on how the breakout groups work and the questions to be answered

13.00 – 13.45 Group work Discussion on presentations for new ideas for country-specific national activities

13.45 – 14.10 Reporting back Representative from each group to report

14.10 – 14.25 Next steps for the project FAO to outline next steps for project implementation going forward

14.25 – 14.30 Closing of the workshop

Country homework: Countries were asked to continue reviewing their country activities and

priorities across relevant outcome areas, with a particular focus on the new areas discussed

(associations and post-harvest) as countries will report back on these at the PSC meeting and provide

a copy of them to the PMU.

25

ATTACHMENT B: PARTICIPANTS LIST FOR THE WORKSHOP

COUNTRIES

FIJI

Ministry of Fisheries Mere Lakeba Katangateman Tokabwebwe Tekata Toaisi Josese Roko John Vana Tomasi Peckham FAD fisher representatives Sakeasi Bose Lisala Waqalala KIRIBATI

Fisheries Division Tooreka Teemari Karibanang Tamuera Teeta Erikate Teitetabuki Kirabuke FAD fisher representatives Ekueta Ieremia Titaake Biteiti FAO national project assistant Rebeka Abaiota MARSHALL ISLANDS

Marshall Islands Marine Resources Authority Florence Edwards Lyla Lemari Armer Ishoda Valentino Keimbar FAD fisher representatives Mack Capelle Maritime Safety Kyle Aliven Local government Francis Lenja Jr FAO national project assistant Beven Wakefield

PALAU

Bureau of Marine Resources Fabio Siksei

SAMOA

Fisheries Division Autalavou Taua TUVALU

Fisheries Department Neli Seniola Tala Simeti Mike Batty VANUATU

Fisheries Department Sombert Gerevat George Amos Sammy James FAO national project assistant Jessica Tasale TONGA

Ministry of Fisheries Siola’a Malimali

PARTNERS AND ORGANIZATIONS

CI

Johann Bell Linda Bercusson

JICA

Shinya Tamio Shin Suto Naushad Yakub Hisakatsu Okuda Sugiyama Shunji Akiya Seko Hana Matsubara Hiroaki Terashima Minoru Tamura

LMMA NETWORK

Alifereti Tawake

26

MARITIME NZ

Arthur Jobard Sophie Hazelhurst Tony Parr

OFCF

Mochida Takao Sakonju Koichi (Kiribati) Fujii Motoki

PIFS

Salome Taufa Rodney Kirarock

PNA

Maurice Brownjohn Melino Bain-Vete Chris Bourne

THE NATURE CONSERVANCY (PALAU)

Noah Idechong Keobel Sakuma Yvonne Ueda

SPC DIVISION OF FISHERIES, AQUACULTURE AND

MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

Ian Bertram William Sokimi James Kora Ajay Arudere

USP

Ciro Rico

WORLD BANK Andrew Harvey Kasia Mazur Francis Chopin Beero Tioti Jeremy Webster

YAMAHA

Watanabe Motoki Yasunari Kuroki

FAO

Eriko Hibi Jessica Sanders Michael Savins Lindsay Chapman Mele Tauati Joy Masongsong Leuaina Hatier Mere Tuaniu Terrence Phillips David Itano Dan Davy Robert Lee Robert Gillett Joelle Albert Philip Tuivavalagi Graham Nimoho Joann Young

27

ATTACHMENT C: GROUP WORK DISCUSSIONS FOR DAY ONE OF THE WORKSHOP

Value-added tuna processing (community context)

Micro-canning FAD fishing techniques and technology during COVID-19

Question for countries: Which innovation or activity that you thought was suitable would be a top priority for implementation in your country?

Fiji TOP for food security • Activities: sell fresh tuna, but hardly do any value-

add and interested in doing this at the moment

Fiji (3rd) • To support fisher associations

in the future

Fiji (2nd) • Fishers engaged in trolling to catch tuna and looking into

deep water fishing • Diversified fishing vessels

Vanuatu TOP • FAD programme ongoing; value-add of tuna-

processed products; smoked tuna; vacuum-sealed fish; and fresh, smoked fish in areas that are remote (no access to shipping, e.g., planes)

• Has been done for many years, but still a priority, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic

• Reducing environmental impact is also a consideration

Vanuatu (2nd) • Processed fish, vegetable as

ingredient • Not an immediate priority

Vanuatu TOP Diversifying techniques that promote fishing techniques, e.g., trolling and setting up moving into a small scale, promoting bigger inputs for fishers, and setting up medium long lines

Tuvalu TOP Fishing techniques are covered in current priorities Interested in the FAD management plan template Interested in using biodegradable FADs—regional research has been done and can be provided

28

Samoa • Value-add or fish processing can be a priority under

this project, but neither is seen as a top priority at this time

Samoa • Also seen as important but not

a top priority

Samoa TOP Mentioned that the top priority is mainly promoting FAD fishing technology to support livelihoods and food security At this time, the main goal with the COVID-19 situation is to increase production of the food supply and maintain livelihoods for local people

RMI (2nd) • Invested in sausage equipment (but may not be

possible in rural communities), and want to work on basic techniques but focus on quality (want to focus on self-sufficiency for rural communities)

RMI TOP This is the top priority as the country is trying to expand FAD fishing. Want to promote FAD fishing in nearshore areas (inshore FADs) to respond to COVID-19 impacts

Kiribati (2nd) • Also want to include this project in the next steps of

ongoing work in value-add

Kiribati TOP Most important activity as if there are no FADs, no value-add is possible

Tonga • Value-add or fish processing can be a priority under

this project, but neither is seen as a top priority at this time

Tonga • Also seen as important but not

a top priority

Tonga TOP • Mentioned that the top priority is mainly promoting FAD

fishing technology to support livelihoods and food security • At this time, the main goal with the COVID-19 situation is to

increase production of the food supply and maintain livelihoods for local people

Question for partners: Do you have any planned projects or activities related to the topics raised during the presentations?

USP • Core area is being concentrated on at the moment;

developed an artisanal smoker in aluminium that can simultaneously smoke 30 kg of tuna fillet; source of heat and smoke is 2 meters away from the smoker; getting a similar result with an industrial smoker; some rural areas have no access to electricity, but can still use this process

JICA Grace of the Sea Project (ongoing) based in Vanuatu; FAD is an important component Start a project on capacity building on sustainable fishing techniques (include FAD) management in Fiji and other Pacific islands by the end of the year, including remote training

29

• Food processing laboratory; in terms of food security - avoiding bacterial contamination; bringing into the rural areas and communities without using expensive equipment

Yamaha Manufactures a water purification system and may provide technical assistance in this field

PIFS Focusing on an activity to increase the economic returns at the moment; nothing really specific on the 3 innovations

TNC This is of interest but needs to be cost-effective

TNC Continues to be an important priority, but has challenges with a lack of supply of raw materials

TNC Assisting the government with a national FAD strategy, which is near the completion stage Interested in a FAD manual template and support to link and implement with developing the national FAD strategy Limited FAD supplies and materials, but it is ongoing work

CI and World Bank Planned activities on value-add

World Bank Working on tuna micro-canning projects that share synergies with FishFAD, and some are country specific and some are regional

World Bank Working across the Pacific with Pacific Islands Regional Oceanscape Program (PROP) projects. FADs are part of ongoing PROP projects, including the Samoa Agriculture and Fisheries Productivity and Marketing Project Grants are available for a village-based FAD. The idea is to support village communities Also doing similar work on small-scale fishing and FADs in the region. Also working on toxicology and risk assessments

CI GCF project—50% of the budget goes towards strengthening the FAD programme. One component is on post-harvest and safety at sea. Also have an innovation hub that is looking at ways of value-add

CI Not much of a priority but needs to be assessed if it is important

CI The GCF total budget for strengthening national FAD programmes in the 14 countries over 7 years is $35 million and $2 million is for post-harvest Are there conflicts between different FAD fisher groups? CI’s ongoing work in innovations could be linked to FishFAD

30

Maritime NZ A project that integrates more safety at sea into FAD fishing programmes

SPC A FAD manual has been published and a FAD fishing manual is underway. Provide information and videos and training materials that will assist countries. All these items link to safety and fishing operations There is a need to further research and investigate FAD fishing, especially on cost-effective analysis. Work on the small-scale fishing manual, which is simple to read, then develop short videos (3-4 minutes /method)

OFCF In Kiribati, OFCF will introduce and produce a retort pouch for an experiment. It would also contribute value-add to tuna processing

OFCF FADs were deployed in S Tarawa and there are plans for more FADs in S Tarawa. Interested in where the FishFAD project will deploy, the depths and distance from the coast. Important to involve FAD user in management and responsibility for long-term sustainability (have some guidelines). Has a similar FAD programme under the Fisheries Development Assistance for Pacific Island Nations (FDAPIN) Project in Kiribati, thus good collaboration between FAO and the FDAPIN Project is important

PNA • Focus on low value, commercial bycatch to be

utilized for value-add • Perhaps a commercial vs. technical issue

PNA Fresh fish should be a priority for FAD fishing. There are conflicts with marine tenure/traditional fishing grounds. Also need to address issues with vandalism and replacement/ownership /maintenance

31

ATTACHMENT D: GROUP WORK DISCUSSIONS FOR DAY TWO OF THE WORKSHOP

De-risking boats with emergency foam and sail

Maritime NZ PMSP Fisher associations survey (Pacific) Fisher associations/co-ops – Caribbean experience

Question for countries: Which innovation or activity that you thought was suitable would be a top priority for implementation in your country?

Vanuatu TOP • Boat manufacturing in country • Priority in improving boat

designs to address buoyancy for safety purposes

• Current issue is with boat design that is mostly not safe out at sea

Vanuatu TOP • Promoting safety grab-bags • Interest in promoting a

community education programme through the Maritime NZ PMSP

• All fishing vessels under license conditions should get a certificate from the Office of the Maritime Regulator (OMR)

Vanuatu TOP • Several associations, including

recreational, artisanal and subsistence

• Understanding the different levels of operation. It is important to have a guidance document, such as a standard operating procedure (SOP), to assist

Vanuatu • Was part of the Caribbean

experience • Issue is to implement lessons

learnt in the Pacific region to continue implementing these important activities

Fiji TOP • A lot of manufacturing boats are

in country but there are still issues, especially out at sea

• Shared the same concern as Vanuatu

Fiji TOP • Interest in the community

education programme. Big need for safety programmes

• Need for outboard engine maintenance at the community level

Fiji • Ongoing work on the SOP to

establish associations • Scope to cover CSO and NGO roles

in the association • Register associations to ensure

there is a legal mandate

Fiji • Interested to learn the lessons

from the Caribbean experiences to assist Fiji in implementing associations in country

32

Palau TOP • Fisher safety and storage space

on small vessels remain priorities

Palau TOP • Not many sea safety

awareness programmes, which is a priority

Palau • Limited financial resources on

fisher associations, once funding ceases

• Need to address these using other models in the Pacific for long-term sustainable financing of fishing associations

• Lack of long-term engagement is also a challenge

• Requested a copy of the fisher association study

Tuvalu TOP Top priority is safety of the crew - most crew have been requesting grab bags (safety equipment)

Tuvalu TOP • Priority is raising awareness

of fuel storage with regards to the moisture issue

• There is a current ongoing need to train fishers in servicing and maintaining outboards/motors

Tuvalu Challenge is also to figure out a model that is suitable to Tuvalu for the long-term financial context

Samoa • Gained information from this

presentation. Concerned due to the use of artisanal Alia that is heavily overloaded, and need crew training

Samoa TOP • Priority is safety at sea, and

noted the SPC Safety at Sea toolkit that is useful for training

Samoa (2nd) • Have 2 fisher coops and need

capacity building. Need outboard motor OB repair and maintenance. Need training on value-add products and fishery data collection

Samoa Question-Is there any experience in the region of the role of foster associations in reducing illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) issues? Note: JICA to share its experience in the plenary

33

RMI TOP • The Maritime NZ PMSP is a top priority, which is now updating

regulations, as have had sea safety incidents recently. New regulations do mention equipment, emergency propulsion, etc. Hard to prioritize as all new requirements

RMI (2nd) • Need to look at the conflict with commercial and recreational

associations. How can the project assist with conflict reduction?

Kiribati TOP • Provision of safety gear is important and ongoing. Lack of spare

parts for engines is a problem/safety issue (commercial outlet for engine parts). Most boats do not have emergency propulsion (has a high rate of incidents), and awareness raising on this issue could be helpful

Kiribati TOP • Interested in building sustainability in the associations, including

financial sustainability

Discussion for RMI and Kiribati • What could be an appropriate business model for associations for the

Pacific? Needs to be home grown • Possibly establish a few well-organized and elaborate organizations

rather than many • This could be part of government services, along with extension services

and skill training • How can partnerships with universities, NGOs and fisher-folk groups or

intergovernmental arrangements support work or enable fisher organizations?

Tonga TOP • Priority for the safety at sea

programme

Tonga (2nd) • Looking at associations to foster

capacity building • Need to strengthen training,

interest in profitability and marketing, and interest in whole fish and value-add products

34

Question for partners: Do you have any planned projects or activities related to the topics raised during the presentations?

JICA • Not many activities on safety at

sea in the Pacific • Traditional canoe designs, but

durability is a problem • Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP)

modern design

JICA Support maritime education to support safety, especially for fishers (other regions)

JICA • Supporting community-based

forest management and resource management that also relate to setting up fisher associations

• Also integrated manuals and guidelines for models between fisher associations and fisheries departments

• Supporting fisher associations in the Caribbean and Pacific, and active in Vanuatu, to promote FAD management

• Can also deal with safety gear maintenance through associations, can share the design of a safety boat in Vanuatu

• JICA promotes the development of community-based resource management, which reduces IUU activity

JICA Has conducted trainings with fishers in the Caribbean on sea safety. Can also provide trainings for a sea safety programme in the Pacific.

35

Yamaha • Boat building factory in PNG and

Palau • Japan provides technical support

to build local capacity • Interest in assisting the Pacific if

there is a need for safety at sea • FAO manual for the Caribbean

that will also be implemented in the Pacific

• Also able to provide mechanical assistance for boat engines

• Distributor across most of the Pacific and training can be provided via Australia, especially in outboard maintenance.

• Potential to include emergency foams in small boats

LMMA • Ongoing activity in the

establishment of associations and improving resources management

• Shelf-sustained fisher associations • Fund is available for resource

management in communities/ provinces in Fiji

TNC • De-risking boats is conducted

using a double-outboard approach—If one fails, there is a backup

TNC Looking into a project to formalise a fishing curriculum in schools where sea safety, fishing methods and gears, and construction of FAD are conducted as electives in one selected school

TNC • Rethink a fisher association—

fisheries model combining strengths and weaknesses across the Pacific and Caribbean studies

• To apply in the context of Palau as legislation and regulations, which perhaps remains a challenge

World Bank Safety at sea component for an ongoing project in Samoa, training in the use of safety equipment

World Bank • Noted an issue in the

maintenance of safety gear (batteries, servicing, etc.)

36

and the provision of gear. Also support artisanal FAD fishing training and FADs

• Need standardized and coordinated approaches for safety at sea support

• Also need support for FADs and FAD fishers

• FAO noted the development of tracking devices for small boats

CI GCF programme for training in safe FAD fishing, boat designs, equipment support and training in post-harvest methods

CI Noted the Galileo search and rescue programme as a useful resource

OFCF Major vessel is a dingy with no deck and rather risky. It would be helpful to introduce new designs with buoyancy. Also, emergency propulsion is important. Other measures could include fishing alongside or with other vessels for safety purposes

OFCF In many cases, associations are agencies that can receive grants, but it is important that they have self-sufficiency with funding

PNA Sea safety alone does not address the problem. Many imitations of vessels do not have the same safety features (e.g., banana boats). Emergency propulsion does not work well on these, so can there be research on how to enable these boats to sail in an emergency? Possibly introduce standards and safety features

FAO/stewardship Willing to share outcomes and approaches from the project. Developing a toolkit with training materials and other resources. Examining the fisheries institution across all types of agencies—regulations, rules, etc.— to assist with creating recommendations on how to better support associations. Have associations at different levels, including local and national. Good governance needs to play a role to help with long-term success, and they are also looking at financial sustainability

Discussion with RMI and Kiribati Question about Yamaha and its potential support in access to engine parts and potential issues with fake parts.

Result Maybe FAD fisher associations could provide access to spare parts for members through a dealership.

37

38

CB

30

29

EN/1

/04

.21