Ship Machineries

8/13/2019 Ship Machineries

1/54

SHIPMACHINERIESBy Group 2


2/54

SHIP MACHINERIES

MAIN(PROPULSION) AUXILLIARY(SUPPORT)


3/54

SHIP

PROPU

LSION

ENGIN

ES

STEAM TURBINE GEARDRIVE

DIESEL ENGINE

GAS TURBINE GEARDRIVE


4/54

SHIPPROPULSIONENGINES


5/54

SHIP PROPULSION ENGINES

It is also known as MARINE PROPULSION. Itis the mechanism or system used to

generate power that is converted intothrust (because of the propellers) to movea ship or boat across water.


6/54

STEAM ENGINETURBINE GEAR


7/54

Definition:

A steam turbine is a device that extractsthermal energy from pressurized steam

and uses it to do mechanical work on arotating output shaft. Its modernmanifestation was invented by Sir CharlesParsons in 1884.


8/54


9/54

What is a turbine?

A ROTARY MECHANICAL DEVICE thatextracts energy from a fluid flow and

converts it into useful work. A turbine is amachine with at least one moving partcalled a rotor assembly, which is a shaft ordrum with blades attached. Moving fluid

acts on the blades so that they move andimpart rotational energy to the rotor. Earlyturbine examples are windmills andwaterwheels.


10/54

To put it simple

A turbine is a machine for producingcontinuous power in which a wheel or

rotor, typically fitted with vanes (blades), ismade to revolve by a fast-moving flow ofwater, steam, gas, air, or other types offluid.


11/54


12/54

Operation and Maintenance

Problems normally encountered withsteam engines:

Uneven Expansion

Vibration (may lead to blade breaking)

because of rotor imbalance

Erosion of blades from condensed water

hitting the blades


13/54

Question:CAN A ELECTRIC FAN BECONSIDERED AS A TURBINE?


14/54

Answer:

NO, because turbines are

machines to extract andconvert fluid flow from eithergas, steam, or water, intopower while electric fans spinby the use of electric motors.


15/54

GAS TURBINEGEAR DRIVE


16/54

Definition:

A gas turbine, also called a combustionturbine, is a type of internal combustion

engine. It has an upstream rotatingcompressor coupled to a downstreamturbine, and a combustion chamber in-between.


17/54

To put it simple

The basic operation of the gas turbine issimilar to that of the steam turbine except

that air is used instead of water (steam).Fresh atmospheric air flows through acompressor that brings it to higherpressure and greater temperature,

therefor once it escapes, it expandsrapidly to rotate the turbines.


18/54

Other information

Gas turbines are used in many navalvessels, where they are valued for their

high power-to-weight ratio and their ships'resulting acceleration and ability to getunderway (starting) quickly.


19/54


20/54

Question:What are the advantages of using a Gas Turbine

Engine?


21/54

Answer:

Very high power-to-weight ratio, compared to

reciprocating (other) engines;

Smaller than most engines of the same powerrating.

Moves in one direction only, with far less

vibration than a reciprocating (other) engines.

Fewer moving parts than other engines. Greater reliability, particularly in applications

where sustained high power output is required


22/54

Answer:

Waste heat is dissipated almost entirely inthe exhaust. This results in a high

temperature exhaust stream that is veryusable for boiling water in a combinedcycle, or for cogeneration.

Low operating pressures.

High operation speeds. Low lubricating oil cost and consumption.


23/54

Answer:

Can run on a wide variety of fuels.

Very low toxic emissions of CO and HC

due to excess air, complete combustionand no "quench" of the flame on coldsurfaces


24/54

BUT!!!Due to its great fuel consumption, gas

turbines are not suitable for long trips, andits much less fuel efficient than dieselengines


25/54

DIESELENGINE


26/54

Definition: It is an internal combustion engine that

uses the heat of compression to initiate

ignition and burn the fuel that has beeninjected into the combustion chamber.This contrasts with spark-ignition enginessuch as a petrol engine (gasoline engine)or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as

opposed to gasoline), which use a sparkplug to ignite an air-fuel mixture. Theengine was developed by Germaninventor Rudolf Diesel in 1893.


27/54


28/54

NOTE:GAS ENGINES are different from GAS

TURBINES


29/54

NOTE:The difference between DIESEL ENGINES

and GAS ENGINES is the way the fuel iscombusted. In DIESEL ENGINES, combustionoccurs due to compression of the fuel whileGAS ENGINES requires spark-ignition


30/54

NOTE:Diesel Engines provide more compression,

therefor generating more power. DieselEngines are more widely used in MarinePropulsion than Gasoline Engines


31/54

Fact

Most modern ships use diesel engines astheir prime mover, due to their operating

simplicity, robustness and fuel economycompared to most other types of engines.


32/54

DIESEL ENGINES

2-Stroke 4-Stroke


33/54

What is a 2-Stroke DieselEngine?

A two-stroke, two-cycle, or two-cycleengine is a type of internal combustion

engine which completes a power cycle inonly one crankshaft revolution and withtwo strokes, or up and down movements,of the piston in comparison to a "four-

stroke engine", which uses four strokes todo so.


34/54


35/54

What is a 4-Stroke DieselEngine?

A four-stroke engine (also known as four-cycle) is an internal combustion engine in

which the piston completes four separatestrokes which comprise a singlethermodynamic cycle. A stroke refers tothe full travel of the piston along the

cylinder, in either direction.


36/54


37/54

AUXILIARY

MACHINERYandEQUIPMENT


38/54

What are Auxiliary Machinesand Equpment?

Provides ships smooth operation andpersonnel safety and comfort aboard

ship. It also functions as a supporting

machinery to the main machineries of theship (propulsion)


39/54

AUXILIARYMA

CHINERY

REFRIGERATION PLANT

AIR CONDITIONINGEQUIPMENT

DISTILLING PLANTS

STEERING GEARS

ELECTROMECHANICALSTEERING GEAR

ELECTRO-HYDRAULICSTEERING GEAR

ANCHOR WINDLASS

CAPSTAN


40/54

AUXILIARYMA

CHINERY

LUBE OILPURIFIER

AIRCOMPRESSOR

LOW PRESSURE

MEDIUMPRESSURE

HIGH PRESSURECRANES

ELEVATOR

WINDLASS

LAUNDRYEQUIPMENT


41/54

AU

XILIARYMACHINERY

GALLEYEQUIPMENT

RANGES OVENS

DEEP FAN FRYERSMIXING

MACHINE

MEAT SLICING

MACHINE

CUBE STEAK

MACHINE

COFFEE URNS TOASTERS

STEAM JACKETED

KETTLE REFRIGERATORS

DISHWASHINGMACHINE

COOKINGUTENSILS


42/54

RefrigerationPlant


43/54

Air-conditioningequipment


44/54

DistillingPlants


45/54

SteeringGears


46/54

AnchorWindlass


47/54

Capstan


48/54

Lube OilPurifier


49/54

AirCompressor


50/54

Cranes


51/54

Elevator


52/54

Winches


53/54

LaundryEquipment


54/54

GalleyEquipment

Ship Machineries

Documents

Transcript of Ship Machineries