Shiftingpower2 1
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Topic #1Shifting Global Power
Part II The Rise and Fall of
Islamic Empires, 600 CE to 1918
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Power Vacuum in the Middle East
The Fall of Rome left a vacuumThe Eastern half of the Roman
Empire, based at Constantinople, remained, but would be at war with the new emerging Muslim powers in the region for centuries (600s-1400s)
The Persian Empire was also weak, soon incorporated into the Arab/Muslim Empires
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Islam Unifying ForceMohammad formed a new
religion in the 600s CEIt eventually unified the Arab
tribes into one nation, first under the Umayyads and then the Abbasids
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Umayyad Empire, 661-750 CE
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Abbasid Empire, 750-1258
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Abbasid “Golden Age” of Islamic EmpiresWealth and trade routes across
AsiaBagdad new capital of Islamic
world in 750House of Wisdom in Bagdad
intellectual center as Muslim scholars made breakthroughs in medicine, science, philosophy and mathematics
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Arab Scientists
We will watch a film, starring Ben Kingsley as Arab scientists Al-Jazari part of the 1001 Inventions Exhibit created by the Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation based in the UK.
Click here for a video
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Bagdad hub of learning
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Algebra is an Arab wordWe’ve seen Al-biruni as part of
the CNN project
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Al-Biruni was not alone, Muslim scholars made incredible discoveries in mathematics, including the development of Algebra, improvements in Astronomy and Geometry
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Mathematical breakthroughs
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Hindu-Arabic Numerals
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Muslim Spain as a conduitMath, Hebrew language was
“rediscovered” by Jews, Christian and Muslim scholars in Spain; Greek philosophy was translated and preserved.
Think about the libraries of Cordoba, from the CNN video
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Ziryab “Black Bird”Musician from Bagdad, relocated
to Spain, opened the first music school in Europe, in Cordoba in the 800s
Founder of Andalusian music Click here for traditional Arab mu
sic
You can hear how it has influenced Spanish music (click here)
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Fall of Bagdad, the MongolsWe will look at the rise and fall of
the Mongols next, but the Mongols burned Bagdad to the ground and conquered much of the Middle East during the 1200s
The ideas and achievements of the Abbasid lived on, but Islamic power declined overall
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Islam was fracturedSunni-Shite split an on-going
internal religious divide Fall of Abbasid in 1200s Remaining power divided
amongst the Ottomans, the Safavid and the Moghals for the most part
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Vulnerable to EuropeansOttomans as the “sick man of
Europe,” British control through funding and diplomacy
Ottomans ally with Germany during WWI, Allies promise Arab independence, instead they take over which sets in motion many of the problems that have plagued the Middle East ever since (more when we get to part IV)
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The Achievements of the AbbasidWhy is so little know about this
aspect of Islam ?Obscured by the legacy of
European imperialism, the idea of “orientalism”?
This was Edward Said’s argument (click here)
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