Shifting Our Focus from Teaching to Student Learning Why do we need to consider changing the way we...

80
Shifting Our Focus from Teaching to Student Learning Why do we need to consider changing the way we think about student learning? Connie Kopcsak Whitfield County Schools Dalton, Georgia

Transcript of Shifting Our Focus from Teaching to Student Learning Why do we need to consider changing the way we...

Shifting Our Focus from Teaching to Student Learning

Why do we need to consider changing the way we think about student learning?

Connie Kopcsak

Whitfield County Schools

Dalton, Georgia

Agenda for J. Frank White Academy

• World Café• Review agenda and E. Q.• “Shift Happens”• Reflections • Levels of Engagement• Qwizdom assessment• Research-based practices• Engagement survey

Essential Question

How can we make our current lessons more engaging?

What is Learning-Focused?

• Framework for thinking about, planning, and delivering instruction using exemplary practices with a focus on learning

• Research-based instructional practices

Learning-Focused Paradigm:

WHETHER students learn something wellis more important than WHEN they learn it.

Current Typical School Paradigm:

WHEN students learn something is moreimportant than WHETHER they learn it well.

Strategies That Most Impact Achievement Rank Strategy Effect

SizePercentile Gain

1 Extending Thinking Skills

1.61 45

2 Summarizing 1.00 34

3 Vocabulary In Context

.85 33

4 Advance Organizers

.73 28

5 Non-VerbalRepresentations

.65 25

(Marzano / ASCD, 2001US Department of Education: 2002)

Overview 13

Components of an Acquisition Lesson

• Essential Question

• Activating Strategies

• Vocabulary Strategies

• Teaching Strategies

• Summarizing Strategies

Typical Lessons for Coverage

What Is The Objective Of The Lesson ??

Preparation

Active Teaching

Massed Guided Practice

Closure

Acquisition Lessons 3

Acquisition Lessons for Learning

What Is The Essential Question Of The Lesson ??

Activating/Previewing

Teaching Strategies

Distributed Guided Practice orDistributed Summarizing

Summarize & Answer Essential Question

Acquisition Lessons 4

Let’s summarize what we learned…

Numbered heads

Find a neighbor beside you and decide who

is #1 and who is #2.

(You have 20 seconds to find your partner!)

# 1Tell #2 something new you have considered or thought about this morning regarding instruction.

#2Raise your hand when you have yourpartner’s answer.

#2

Tell # 1 one thing that you have

learned this morning.

#1

Raise your hand when you have

your partner’s answer.

Components of an Acquisition Lesson

•Essential Question• Activating Strategies

• Vocabulary Strategies

• Teaching Strategies

• Summarizing Strategies

What Is An Essential Question?

Concepts or skills in the form of questions

Purpose:• Sets the focus of the

lesson.

• Helps teacher gather evidence of learning (assessment).

Key Points• Posted in the classroom.• There is only one essential

question in a lesson. • Organize courses, units, &

lessons around questions; the content of lessons answers the questions.

• Based on curriculum• Allocate time to answer

Acquisition Lessons 19

Writing An Essential Question

• Make the teaching objective a question.• Students should be able to answer the question at

the end of the lesson.• What questions will foster further inquiry

understanding and transfer of learning?• Write the question for the lesson and then, if

necessary, rewrite the question for the students.• Question cannot be answered with yes or no.• Create connections for the learner with the content.• Be careful of questions connected by “and”.• Keep it simple!

Acquisition Lessons 23

Essential Questions …• What is foreshadowing?• How does foreshadowing help you

understand a story?• What forces contributed to the structure of

earth’s surface?• How do you graph linear equations?• What is the difference between least

common multiple and greatest common factor ?

Acquisition Lessons 20 & 21

UnitEssentialQuestion

LessonEssentialQuestions

Let’s summarize what we learned…

On your board, answer the following:

What is the purpose of having an Essential Question (E. Q.) for your lessons?

Components of an Acquisition Lesson

• Essential Question

•Activating Strategies• Vocabulary Strategies

• Teaching Strategies

• Summarizing Strategies

Activating

• What?– Hook and link

• Why?– Activate prior knowledge– Motivate– Preview key vocabulary– Prepare for learning

KWL OutlinesKWL Outline 1

-K-Think I Know…

-W-Think I’ll Learn…

-L-I Learned…

KWL Outline 2-K-

I Know-W-

Think I Know-L-

Learned

Activating Strategies 4-10

Wordsplash

PlantsRoots

Leaves

Stem

Flowers Trees

Vegetables

GreenWater

Sun

Activating Strategies 11-12

Anticipation Guide• The sequence tells you the order

of a story.• The middle comes before the end.

• The sequence of a passage tells the reader what comes last but not what is first.

• The sequence of a story tells you the beginnings, middle and end.

• You can sequence settings in a story.

_________

_________

__________

_________

_________

Activating Strategies 13-16

Me Text Statement

___ ___ 1. The Democratic Party is the oldest in the United States.

___ ___ 2. A political party is a social gathering held for a bunch of politicians.

___ ___ 3. Because all presidents have primarily been elected by two major political

parties, theUnited States is said to have a two-party

system.___ ___ 4. Party members usually share the same

beliefs about politics and about the role of government.

___ ___ 5. The Whigs were a political party that required the long white hair wigs

but when men wearing wigs went out of style, they disbanded.

Brainstorm

First Day of School

EQ: How do I get ready for the beginning of school?

Activating Strategies 17- 21

Draw a Picture or Diagram

EQ: How do I identify points on a grid?

Draw a picture of how to get to school from your house.

Activating Strategies 22

Activating Strategies

• Recall• Make Predictions• Game• Humor or Mystery• Exploration or Experience• Role Play or Simulation• Video clip, Music, Literature, Art

Let’s summarize what we learned…

Numbered heads#1 Tell #2 about one of the activating strategies

you could use in your classroom next week, or share an activating strategy that has been successful in your classroom

#2Raise your hand when you have your

partner’s answer.

#2

Tell #1 about an activating strategy that you have used or could use.

#1

Raise your hand when you have your partner’s answer.

Components of an Acquisition Lesson

• Essential Question

• Activating Strategies

• Vocabulary Strategies

•Teaching Strategies• Summarizing Strategies

Teaching

• What?– Cognitive strategies

• Why?– Mentally engage the learner while taking into consideration attention span– Organize information– Store information

Collaborative Pairs

• Collaborative Pairs is the base grouping and organizational tool for a classroom… It is hard to get lost in a pair.

• Research-Based Principles of Learning: Learning is constructed by the learner and is first a social activity before it is a cognitive activity.

• Actively engages students in the lessons.• Students are individually accountable for their own

learning.• Collaborative Pairs are used extensively in large group

acquisition lessons.• Basic Strategy for Collaborative Pairs: Numbered Heads

Acquisition Lessons 24

Pairs Checking

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

A. Circle numbers.

B. Each student does their own work.

C. When they complete a circled number, stop. Check answers with partner. If agree, go on. If not, correct then continue.

Acquisition Lessons 25

Lecture/Large Group Lessons

• 1’s read about the lecture types on page 29.

• 2’s read about the lecture types on page 30.

• Share what you learned with your partner.

Acquisition Lessons 29-30

Graphic Organizers

Graphic Organizersfor

Comprehension

Graphic Organizersfor

Comprehension

Build ConnectionsExplore Relationships

Build ConnectionsExplore Relationships

Organize Information/Ideas

Organize Information/Ideas

Chunk Information

Improve memory

Chunk Information

Improve memory

Follow Steps in a Process

Follow Steps in a Process

Understand/Manage Learning

Understand/Manage Learning

Graphic Organizers 4

Effects of Using Organizers

“The average student studying with the aid of graphic organizers and thinking maps learns as much as the 90th percentile student studying the same material without the assistance of the organizing ideas.”

Wahlberg, 1991

Fish Bone (Cause/Effect)

Effect

Causes

Causes

Economic Geographic

Military Social- Political

World War II

Graphic Organizers 8

Cause and Effect – Physical Education

Graphic Organizers 12

Graphic Organizers 12

Cycle Graph– Shooting a Basketball Graphic Organizers 13

Graphic Organizers 16

Compare and Contrast DiagramConcept: FRACTION Concept:DECIMAL

How Alike?

How Different?

With Regard To:

Denominator

ConvertingDenominators

Changing toPercentage

Graphic Organizers 14

Story Matrix

21 3Structure

Setting

Problem

Choices

Ending

Graphic Organizers 25

Matrix for Summarizing & Writing

Aesop’s Fables have a moral

It is said that Aesop was a slave in Greece long, long ago.

Aesop was smart.

There is no proof he wrote down fables- he told others.

Topic Tower

Main Idea

Main Idea – Aesop was responsible for the fables

Aesop’s FablesTOPIC

Detail

Detail

Detail

Detail

Main Idea

Mnemonics

• Some view as “memory trick”

• Students are given a device to help remember –store/recall –long term memory.

• Student is given a framework – cues and new information is associated with it.

Mnemonics

• Acrostic Sentence

• Acronym

• Rhythm and Rhyme

• Drawings

• Physical Movement

• Visualizations

Acquisition Lessons 33

Acronyms

• ROY G BIV

• HOMES

• FACE

Acquisition Lessons 35

Acrostic Sentence

• Every Good Boy Does Fine• Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally• My Very Earnest Mother Just Served us Nine

Pickles• King Henry Died Drinking Chocolate Milk• Kids Have Dropped Over Dead Converting

Metrics.• ( Play Music At the Church) - steps of Mitosis

Acquisition Lessons 34

Drawings

Ga

llon

Qu

art

Quart

Qu

art

Qua

rt

Gallon Man

Pin

t

Cup

Acquisition Lessons 36

Let’s summarize what we learned…

On your board, list at least 3 teaching strategies that you learned about today.

Components of an Acquisition Lesson

• Essential Question• Activating Strategies• Vocabulary Strategies• Teaching Strategies

•Summarizing Strategies

Students reflect on the

material being taught and

answer the essential

question.

SummarizingWhat is it?

Why have students summarize what they are learning?

• Summarizing is perhaps the key thinking skill for learning

• Summarizing is a LEARNING STRATEGY• Enables students to create a “schema” for the

information and remember it better and longer• Teachers can use as a formative assessment • Summarizing is key to knowing when and on what

to re-teach • Student summarizing should be distributed

throughout a lesson, not just at the end.

Summarizing Strategies 2

Two types of summarizing:

1. Distributed summarizing

(occurs throughout the lesson)

2. Summarizing at the end of the lesson

(provides evidence that students can

answer the essential question)

Acquisition Lessons for Learning

What Is The Essential Question Of The Lesson ??

Activating/Previewing

Teaching Strategies

Distributed Guided Practice orDistributed Summarizing

Summarize & Answer Essential Question

Distributed Summarizing

Numbered heads

Use of small boards

• Students are active in learning

• Each student writes down an answer and can easily revise ideas

• Quick way to assess learning and determine misconceptions

Acquisition Lessons 25

Summarizing Strategies to Use at the End of

the Lesson

Summarizing Strategies 1

Summarizing Strategy: KWL

Know Think You Learn

Will Learn

(List what learned – (answering the EQ)

Ticket Out the Door

Give prompt –

They can show

They can tell

They can write

They can post-it!

Ticket Out the Door• Write and tell the order of three events in the

story.

• “Prove It” – write one fact and opinion that you could get from the story (be sure to be able to “prove it” from the text).

• “Give Me Five” – trace your hand and answer the 5 Ws, one answer per finger.

3-2-1Students write about the topic

• Explain three new concepts you learned

• Define two vocabulary words related to this lesson

• What is one thing that is still unclear, or one question you have about the topic

3-2-1

3 – situations where you need to find perimeter

2 – ways to find perimeter of rectangle

1 – way you will remember the meaning of perimeter

Summarizing Strategies 6

3-2-1 – adapted to 2-1

2 – details from the story

1 - main idea

Explain the connection.

The Absent Student

Write a letter to the absent student answering the essential question.

Dear ____________,

Today we learned……..The most important thing we learned was….. If you had been here you would have really enjoyed…. I hope that tomorrow we will learn ….

Your friend,

PS I’m wondering…

Learning Logs or Journals

• Prompts

• Today I learned…

• Three things I wonder…

• I know now….so I can…

• New things I learned today include…

Summarizing Strategies 12

Venn Diagram

The Important Thing is…

The Important Thing about summarizing

is ________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________ . But the

Most Important Thing is ______________

_____________________.

Summarizing Strategies 10

Game – Million Dollar Pyramid or Get a Clue

You will give your partner clues to guess the following words…

1. distributed summarizing

2. ticket out the door

3. numbered heads

4. Abraham Lincoln

5. engagement

You will give your partner clues to guess the following words…

1. Essential Question

2. activating strategy

3. strategic compliance

4. graphic organizer

5. lunch time

Key Points About Summarizing

• ALL students summarize!• Students answer the Essential Question• Teachers use it to assess and determine

re-teaching needs• It must be planned. It doesn’t just happen.• Allocate time for this and don’t skip!

Summarizing should be distributed throughout the lesson, not just at the end!

Summarizing Strategies 3

One last thought….Cover

1. To conceal by hiding or screening.2. To place something on, over, or in

front of, so as to conceal3. To provide an alibi or excuse.4. To coat or sprinkle.

SUMMARIZING IS WORTH THE TIME AND EFFORT!

In summary...

Complete the following statement:

Research-based instructional strategies are like a (fill in the blank with your candy bar) because....