Shia and Muslims Differences

8/6/2019 Shia and Muslims Differences

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THE DIFFERENCEBETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND

THE MUSLIMS

BYSAEED ISMAEEL

1995-1416

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fu rht rJAfrrE f AILah, rhe nosr Ben{icetr, rhe firosr nencifulN ThE NAME o f A l l A h , ThE MOST B EN Efic EN T, T hE MOST MERCiflJ1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

IntroductionBackground f Shee'ah deologiesThe Holy Qur'anThe Sunna or HadeethIjma' (Consensus r Semi-Consensus)Articles of Faith and Pillars of IslamThe Shee'ah Concept of ImamateThe Family of the Prophet 6ro""neuponHim)The Companions of the Prophet @eaceBeUponHim)Toq'yah (Shielding)Mut'ah - Temporary MarriageGhadeer KhumConclusionReferences

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 1Background of Shee'ah Ideologies 2The Holy Qur'an 3The Sunna or Hadeeth 6Ijma' (Consensus or Semi-Consensus) 8Articles of Faith and Pillars of Islam 11The Shee'ah Concept of Imamate 13The Family of the Prophet (peaceBeUponHim) 16The Companions of the Prophet (peace Be Upon Him) 18Toq'yah (Shielding) 21Mut'ah - Temporary Marriage 24Ghadeer Khum 26Conclusion 30References 31

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I*t*oDUCrroNThanks be to ALLAH, His help we seek and His guidance we search or'

ra*romsoever ALLAH permits o go astray shall never have guidan"", , rlrornro"rr.iALLAH guides shall never be misled; and I bear witness hat there s no God butALLAH alone and He has no partner; and I bear witness hat Mohammed s Hisservant and messenger. Peace be upon him, his family, his companions nd heirfollowers until the day of resurrection.

ALLAH commands us in the Holy Qur'an'. "Let there arise out ofyou agroup of people iniviting to all that is good (Islam), enjoining Al-ma'ruf (te.Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do) andforbidding Al-

Munhar (polytheism and disbelief and all that Islam hasforbidden). And it isthey who are the successful"r. pray to ALLAH that He will accept his work as

a correct esponse o His commandment.

The purpose of this pamphlet is to present a brief idea about he religiousissues hat the Shee'ah cholars ave disagreed pon with the majority of Muslimscholars. t is to acquaint especially those who have a vague picture of what theShee'ah school of thought is in comparison o the malority's version of Islam. nshort, t is to answer he ever-rising questions. s the disagreement ital? And if it isvital, as a Muslim Shee'ah r following he Muslim scholars, hat should do tofind the right Islam and he nght path o Paradise? May ALLAH bestow on us Hismercy and not deprive us of His guidance. meen.

t the Holy Qur'an: Chapter 3 verse 104

INTRODUCTION

Thanks be to ALLAH, His help we seek and His guidance we search for;

whomsoever ALLAH permits to go astray shall never have guidance, whomsoeverALLAH guides shall never be misled; and I bear witness that there is no God butALLAH alone and He has no partner; and I bear witness that Mohammed is Hisservant and messenger. Peace be upon him, his family, his companions and theirfollowers until the day of resurrection.

ALLAH commands us in the Holy Qur'an: "Let there arise out of you agroup of people iniviting to all that Lv good (Islam), enjoining Al-ma'ruf(i.e.Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do) andforbidding Al

Munkar (polytheism and disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden). And it isthey who are the successful"l. I pray to ALLAH that He will accept this work as

a correct response to His commandment.

The purpose of this pamphlet is to present a brief idea about the religiousissues that the Shee'ah scholars have disagreed upon with the majority of Muslimscholars. It is to acquaint especially those who have a vague picture of what theShee'ah school of thought is in comparison to the majority's version ofIslam. Inshort, it is to answer the ever-rising questions. Is the disagreement vital? And if it isvital, as a Muslim Shee'ah or following the Muslim scholars, what should I do tofind the right Islam and the right path to Paradise? May ALLAH bestow on us Hismercy and not deprive us of His guidance. Ameen.

I The Holy Qur'an: Chapter 3 verse 104.

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Boa*cRouND oF HEE'AH TDEoLocIESWhen Islam came as a guidance for mankind, the early generation of

devoted Muslims sincerely worked hard to propagate nd defend t, allowing Islamto spread steadfastly. However, this created a wave of anger and hatred owardsIslam from some of the narrow minded eligious igures, especially of JudarsmThey plotted to assassinate he prophet (peae e po Him) nd to create discord orfighting among Muslims (Fitnah). However, he Iman or faith of the companionswas so strong that hey were not affected y such conspiracies. fter the death ofmany companions, he Jewish onspiracy mong others, epresented y Abdullahbin Sabaa, ound its way first, hru Muslims less educated bout slam hen ateron o the est of the Muslim Community.l

During the term of the irst and second Ca'lee'phah's Leader of the wholeMuslim nation) there were still many companions. By the end of the thirdCa'lee'phah's eign, a great number of the companions f the Prophet peaeBer.rptnHim)had passed away, while the number of new generation and new converts admultiplied tremendously. At this time, he ribalist, acist and Jewish movementsfound an opportunity o come o the surface. mong hese movements as hat ofAbdullah Bin Sabaa, as had been mentioned above. He is a Yemen Jew whoclaimed hat Ali had divtne authority. This developed urther nto the claim hat he,his son- Al-Hassan. is son Al-Hussain and he descendants f the atter should bethe future leaders of the whole Muslim Ummah forever. This was. of course.contrary o the current practice inceafter he Prophet peaerlerJprnHimlbu Bakr hadbeen elected as the Caliph (Leader) of the whole Muslim Ummah (Nation),followed by Omar. There was as yet, until today, no claim hat Ali should be hefirstCa'lee'phah'.2

This allegation owever, inally ound a place of acceptance n the capital of

the previously ranian Empire, Al-Madayen, more easily han n the other egionsof the Islamic Empire at that ime, especially inceAl-Hussain, econd on of Ali,was hen married to the daughter f the ast ranian Emperor.3

This is why the Shee'ah concept f the hereditary ystem f leadership sconfined o the descendants f Al-Husain, beginning with fourth Shiite's mam(leader). The claim that Ali shouldbe the irst Caliph started mainly as a politicalploy to create discord among Muslims by agitating he ribal and acial differencesand hostilities.

' Zaheer,p 7-24, quoting hree Shee'ah ource2 Ibn Taymiyah, Vol. 3 pp. I 16-72.t Ali Hassan p.230-231.

B A C K G R O U N D OF SHEE'AD IDEOLOGIES

When Islam came as a guidance for mankind, the early generation ofdevoted Muslims sincerely worked hard to propagate and defend it, allowing Islamto spread steadfastly. However, this created a wave of anger and hatred towardsIslam from some of the narrow minded religious figures, especially of Judaism.They plotted to assassinate the prophet (Peace Be Uprn Him) and to create discord orfighting among Muslims (Fitnah). However, the Iman or faith of the companionswas so strong that they were not affected by such conspiracies. After the death ofmany companions, the Jewish conspiracy among others, represented by Abdullahbin Sabaa, found its way first, thru Muslims less educated about Islam then lateron to the rest of the Muslim Community. 1

During the term of the first and second Ca'lee'phah's (Leader of the wholeMuslim nation) there were still many companions. By the end of the thirdCa'lee'phah's reign, a great number of the companions of the Prophet (Peace Be Uptm Him)had passed away, while the number of new generation and new converts hadmultiplied tremendously. At this time, the tribalist, racist and Jewish movementsfound an opportunity to come to the surface. Among these movements was that ofAbdullah Bin Sabaa, as had been mentioned above. He is a Yemen Jew whoclaimed that Ali had divine authority. This developed further into the claim that he,his son, AI-Hassan, his son AI-Hussain and the descendants of the latter should bethe future leaders of the whole Muslim Ummah forever. This was, of course,contrary to the current practice since after the Prophet (Peace Be Up,m Him) Abu Bakr hadbeen elected as the Caliph (Leader) of the whole Muslim Ummah (Nation),followed by Omar. There was as yet, until today, no claim that Ali should be thefirst Ca'lee'phah d

This allegation however, finally found a place of acceptance in the capital of

the previously Iranian Empire, AI-Madayen, more easily than in the other regionsof the Islamic Empire at that time, especially since AI-Hussain, second son of Ali,was then married to the daughter of the last Iranian Emperor?

This is why the Shee'ah concept of the hereditary system of leadership isconfined to the descendants of AI-Husain, beginning with fourth Shiite's Imam(leader). The claim that Ali should be the first Caliph started mainly as a politicalploy to create discord among Muslims by agitating the tribal and racial differencesand hostilities.

I Zaheer, p 17-24, quoting three Shee'ah source.

2 Ibn Taymiyah, Vol. 3 pp. 116-72.

3 Ali Hassan pp. 230-231.

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The end esult of the politicalclaim, however, was a religious difference nddeviation rom the Islam maintained y the great majority of Muslim scholars.

Shee'ahr derive heir name rom Shee'ee2 hich means n Arabic supporter,

here to mean he supporters f Ali, his sons, Hassan nd Hussain, nd descendants

ofHussain.

Shee'ah aredivided into groups'.

heZaidis.whohavedeviatedthe

least; the Ja'fari Eth'nai Ashri, he Ismailis, and he AlawiNusairi. Druzes derivetheir roots rom Ismailism and Fatimid Shee'ah.3

The following pages are devoted o the discussion of the Ja'fari Eth'naiAshri (Ja'fari welve mams), which represents he Shee'ah majority.

'Plural.

2 Singular.3 IbnTaymiuah, Minhaj, vol. lp.3; vol2p.l24 Tabatabai p.75-82; Abdulla pp. 73-143; l-Falwazan p. 9- l 8.

The end result of the political claim, however, was a religious difference anddeviation from the Islam maintained by the great majority of Muslim scholars.

Shee'ah l derive their name from Shee'ee 2 which means in Arabic supporter,

here to mean the supporters of Ali, his sons, Hassan and Hussain, and descendantsof Hussain. Shee'ah are divided into groups: the Zaidis, who have deviated theleast; the Ja'fari Eth'nai Ashri, the Ismailis, and the Alawi Nusairi. Druzes derivetheir roots from Ismailism and Fatimid Shee'ah?

The following pages are devoted to the discussion of the Ja'fari Eth'naiAshri (Ja'fari twelve Imams), which represents the Shee'ah majority.

1 Plural.

2 Singular.

3 Ibn Tayrniuah, Minhaj, vol. Ip.3; vol 2 p.124 Tabatabai pp. 75-82; Abdulla pp. 73-143; Al-Falwazan pp. 9-18.

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oLY QIIR'ANThe Ja'fari Shee'ah scholar says: 'that the number of verses n the Holy

Qur'an is 1700'.r Al-Kafi by Al-Kolayni,which s believed y Shee'ah cholars as

the most trustworthy and celebrated work of HADEETH known in the Shee'ahworld, says: 'Any human being who claims to have collected he Qur'an in its

complete orm is a liar. Only Ali and the Imams collected t all and preserved t'.2

The Shee'ah Scholars also allow their followers o read he existing HolyQur'an till they are taught their version. This permission s based on a Shee'ahtradition which says: I said to lmam Ali Musa (the 8s Imam), we hear rom you

Qur'anic verses which we have not leamed. Are we committing sins iy not recitingthem? The lmam said'No, read he way you have earned. Someone will come oteach you' (referring to the l2e Imam who will reappear nd bring with him thecomplete ersion according o the Shee'ah belief)3

The Muslim scholars assure us that Prophet Mohammed (peae etp@ in)compiled the Holy Qur'an in its complete, cunent existing orm orally and dtringthe C'laph'ah (leadership) f Abu Bakr, a compilation which was written down na single volume.a

During the C'laph'ah of Othman, the language of the Holy Qur'an was

standardized nd universalized.s he approved ariations n reciting a few words of

the Holy Qur'an do not touch ts basic meaning.6

ALLAH says n the Holy Qur'an'."Verily ile: It is We Who have sent downthe Dhikr (Qur'an) and surely,lVe will guard it (from corruption)"1;"It isfor

IIs to collect and to give you (O Mohamtnud (p.o". ,upon im)he ability to recite it"8; "Fahehood cannot come to itfrom before it or behind it (it is) sent down by

the Alt-Wise Worthy of all praise (ALL/lH)".e

t Al-Usool Minat-Kafi, vol 2p. 634,1961; see also Zaheer, pp 77-152.

2 Al-Usml Min al-kafi vol I,p.228, 1968.t Al-Kafi Min al-Usool, ol 2, p. 633, I 96 ; also see Al-Khateeb p. I l.

o Al-Bukhari, vol. 6,pp. 477-8.t Al-Bukhari, vol. 6, pp. 478-80.

u Qattan, pp. 17G85.7HolyQur'an: Chapter 15 verse 9.t Holy qur'an: Chapter 75 verse 17.

e Holy Qu'an: Chapter 4l verse 42.

H O LY Q U R ' A N

The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholar says: 'that the number of verses in the HolyQur'an is 1700'" Al-Kafi by Al-Kolayni, which is believed by Shee'ah scholars as

the most trustworthy and celebrated work ofHADEETH known in the Shee'ahworld, says: 'Any human being who claims to have collected the Qur'an in itscomplete form is a liar. Only Ali and the Imams collected it all and preserved it'.2

The Shee'ah Scholars also allow their followers to read the existing HolyQur'an till they are taught their version. This permission is based on a Shee'ahtradition which says: I said to Imam Ali Musa (the 8 th Imam), we hear from youQur'anic verses which we have not learned. Are we committing sins by not recitingthem? The Imam said 'No, read the way you have learned. Someone will come toteach you' (referring to the 12 th Imam who will reappear and bring with him thecomplete version according to the Shee'ah beliefi

The Muslim scholars assure us that Prophet Mohammed (peace Be Upoo Him)compiled the Holy Qur 'an in its complete, current existing form orally and duringthe C'laph'ah (leadership) of Abu Bakr, a compilation which was written down ina single volume. 4

During the C' laph 'ah of Othman, the language of the Holy Qur'an was

standardized and universalized. 5 The approved variations in reciting a few words of

the Holy Qur'an do not touch its basic meaning. 6

ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an:"Verily We: It is We Who have sent downthe Dhikr (Qur'an) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)"7;"It isfor

Us to collect and to give you (0 Mohammad (peace Be Upon Him)) the ability to recite it"8; "Falsehood cannot come to itfrom before it or behind it (it is) sent down by

the All-Wise Worthy o f all praise (ALLAH)".9

1 Al-Usool Minal-Kafi, vol. 2p. 634, 1961; see alsoZaheer, pp. 77-152.

2 Al-Usool Min al-kafi vol. 1, p. 228, 1968.

3 Al-Kafi Min al-Usool, vol. 2, p. 633, 1961; also see Al-Khateeb p. 11.

4 Al-Bukhari, vol. 6, pp. 477-8.

5 Al-Bukhari, vol. 6, pp. 478-80.

6 Qattan, pp. 170-85.

7 Holy Qur' an: Chapter 15 verse 9.

8 Holy Qur'an: Chapter 75 verse 17.


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ALLAH had promised o preserve t as a guidance or Muslims everywhereand forever. This is in contrast o the previous divine books wtrerein although theiroriginal forms are preserved with ALLAH, the ones n the hands of the followersof these messages re distorted.

The Muslim scholars udro consider the belief that the Holy Qur'an isadulterated s a plain rejection of the Islamic aith.r

Brothers and sisters, ou can ind out for yourself hat the number of versesin the Holy Qur'an is 6236 excluding he "Bismillah" at the beginning of the Suras(Chapter), but the Shee'ah Scholars claim that this Holy Qur'an is not complete.Should we believe the Ja'fari Shee'ah source or the Almighty ALLAH and heMuslim Scholars? Perhaps some Shee'ah deny heir belief that the eisting HolyQur'an is not complete. But this denial could be shielding Tuq'yah or to lie toprotect he Shee'ah belief).

| 7ahet,p. l4l-7.

ALLAH had promised to preserve it as a guidance for Muslims everywhereand forever. This is in contrast to the previous divine books wherein although theiroriginal forms are preserved with ALLAH, the ones in the hands of the followersof these messages are distorted.

The Muslim scholars who consider the belief that the Holy Qur'an is

adulterated is a plain rejection of the Islamic faith. 1

Brothers and sisters, you can find out for yourselfthat the number of versesin the Holy Qur'an is 6236 excluding the "Bismillah" at the beginning of the Suras(Chapter), but the Shee'ah Scholars claim that this Holy Qur'an is not complete.Should we believe the Ja'fari Shee'ah source or the Almighty ALLAH and theMuslim Scholars? Perhaps some Shee'ah deny their belief that the existing HolyQur'an is not complete. But this denial could be shielding (Tuq'yah or to lie toprotect the Shee'ah belief).

I Zaheer, p. 141-7.

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Sar'*'o" oR HADEETHThe Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars onsider SU'N'AH as what the prophet peaeBe

rrm Hin)and the Imams said.l AL-Kafi by Kolayni, in Tabatabai's words s "the

most trustworthy and celebrated work of HADEETH in the Shee'ah world".2 n

this source, the names of the transmitters of the HADEETH are not frequentlymentioned. nstead of the "prophet said", you fin{" the Imam said". Many of theseI{ADEETHs contradict the Holy Qur'an. The prominent criterion n validatingHADEETH is actually whether t supports, or at least, does not negate he Shee'ahschool of thought. The most rustworthy of the prophot'S eaer.t6-rr-r raditions arethe ones received hrough the household f the prophet, .e. he Shee'ah mams,

even though an Imam couldpass

awaywhile his child is only nine, eight or five

years old.3 For example, F{ADEETH eported y Ali andcompiled by Sahih Al"

Bukhari is rejected if it contradicts the Shee'ah oncept of Temporary Marriage(Nikah Mut'ah), but if the HADEETH were supportive of the Shee'ah school of

thought, t would be accepted o matter who said, ransmitted, r compiled t.a

The Muslim scholars define SU'N'AH or HADEETH as he sayings f theProphet (peae e totn im), is deeds, acit approvals r the description of his physical

appearance.s Basically, here are wo ways of HADEETH authentication.he first

is the "Isnad". which means the reliability of the transmitters. ThereforeF{ADEETH with broken inkages between ransmitters re rejected because herelis no way to find out how reliable he ransmitters re. Second, here s "Matn'',which means content of the HADEETH; that s, whether or not it contradicts heteachings of the Holy Qur'an, there s another version of the same HADEETH wtth

a different chain of transmitters, r whether here s a stronger snad, etc.6 Based on

these methodologies nd he strictness f the compiler n choosing his HADEETH,

the Muslim scholars affirmed hat the compilations of Al-Bukhari and the Muslimsare the most trustworthy source of the SU'N'AH of the Prophet @eaeBetrptnuim;.7

While the Holy Qur'an was compiled in written form right after he death of the

t Tabatabai p. 93 and Constitution article 2.2Tabatabai,p. lto.3 Among other sources, abatabai, p.94,2O7'8, and 210-l

oTabatabai, p. 94.t Azami, p.3.6 Azami, pp.32-72.t lbn Taymiyah, Fatawi, Vol. 18, p. 17, Azailrlli. 87-96.

SU'N' AD OR HADEETH

The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars consider SU'N' AH as what the prophet (peace BeUpon Him) and the Imams said. 1 AL-Kafi by Kolayni, in Tabatabai's words is "the

most trustworthy and celebrated work ofHADEETH in the Shee'ah world".2 In

this source, the names of the transmitters of the HADEETH are not frequentlymentioned. Instead of the "prophet said", you finc\" the Imam said". Many of theseHADEETHs contradict the Holy Qur'an. The prominent criterion in validatingHADEETH is actually whether it supports, or at least, does not negate the Shee'ahschool of thought. The most trustworthy of the prophet's (Peace Be Upon Him) traditions arethe ones received through the household of the prophet, i.e. the Shee'ah Imams,even though an Imam could pass away while his child is only nine, eight or fiveyears old? For example, a HADEETH reported by Ali and compiled by Sahih AI ..

Bukhari is rejected if it contradicts the Shee'ah concept of Temporary Marriage(Nikah Mut'ah), but if the HADEETH were supportive ofthe Shee'ah school ofthought, it would be accepted no matter who said, transmitted, or compiled it.4

The Muslim scholars define SU'N'AH or HADEETH as the sayings of theProphet (Pea"" Be Upon Him), his deeds, tacit approvals or the description of his physical

appearance.s

Basically, there are two ways ofHADEETH authentication. The firstis the "Isnad", which means the reliability of the transmitters. ThereforeHADEETH with broken linkages between transmitters are rejected because therelis no way to find out how reliable the transmitters are. Second, there is "Matn",which means content of the HADEETH; that is, whether or not it contradicts theteachings of the Holy Qur'an, there is another version of the same HADEETH witha different chain of transmitters, or whether there is a stronger Isnad, etc. 6 Based on

these methodologies and the strictness of the compiler in choosing his HADEETH,

the Muslim scholars affinned that the compilations of AI-Bukhari and the Muslimsare the most trustworthy source of the SU'N'AH of the Prophet (pea"" Be Upon H i m /

While the Holy Qur'an was compiled in written form right after the death of the

I Tabatabai , p. 93 an d Constitution article 2.

2 Tabatabai, p. 110.

3 Among other sources, Tabatabai, pp. 94,207-8, and 210-1.

4 Tabatabai, p. 94.

, Azami, p.3.

6 Azami, pp. 32-72.

7 Ibn Taymiyah, Fatawi, Vol. 18, p. 17, Azami p. 87-96.

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prophet @"*Be pdHim), he serious compilation of the HADEETH took place afteralmost 100 years.l There were many reasons or this delay, he major one being

that agreat proportion of F{ADEETH dealt with detailed eachings which should bepracticed by a true Muslim in his daily life. The companions were actually ivingcompilations of HADEETH because hey were representing he prophetic manners

themselves. Therefore, there seemed o be no urgent need for serious effortstowards a written compilation. Furthermore, ome great Companions were of theopinion that the teaching of Islam should be focused irst in the Holy Qur'an sothat it would be well-established. his was to avoid what had happened o previousHoly Books n which divine words were mixed up with prophetic sayings.

So brothers and sisters, which definition of FIADEETH s more accurate,given the fact that Prophet Mohammed eaeBeUpmrlim)s the seal of the Prophets? AsGod says in the Holy Qur'an'. "Muhammad. reoceBeuponni4s not thefother of any

man among you, hut he is the Messenger of ALLAH and the last(end) of the

prophets..."2. Only the Prophets and the messengers of ALLAH can receive

revelation which is binding unto whom he messenger s sent. When he Shee'ahscholars equate the sayings of the Imams o the sayings of the Prophet, hey areclaiming that the Imam also received evelation. f these cholars laim hat heImams were only inspired, hen he inspiration s a different story. It is not bindingto be followed or to be enforced n others nor should t be shared y other humanbeings.

t |'zarnip.2s.'Holy qur'an: Chapter 33 verse 40.

prophet (peace Be Upoo Him), the serious compilation of the HADEETH took place afteralmost 100 years. l There were many reasons for this delay, the major one being

that a great proportion of HADEETH dealt with detailed teachings which should bepracticed by a true Muslim in his daily life. The companions were actually livingcompilations ofHADEETH because they were representing the prophetic manners

themselves. Therefore, there seemed to be no urgent need for serious effortstowards a written compilation. Furthermore, some great Companions were of theopinion that the teaching of Islam should be focused first in the Holy Qur'an sothat it would be well-established. This was to avoid what had happened to previousHoly Books in which divine words were mixed up with prophetic sayings.

So brothers and sisters, which definition of HADEETH is more accurate,given the fact that Prophet Mohammed (Peace Be Upoo Him) is the seal of the Prophets? AsGod says in the Holy Qur'an: "Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) is not thefather of any

man among you, but he is the Messengero f ALLAH

and the last(end) of

theprophets... ,,2. Only the Prophets and the messengers of ALLAH can receive

revelation which is binding unto whom the messenger is sent. When the Shee'ahscholars equate the sayings of the Imams to the sayings of the Prophet, they areclaiming that the Imam also received revelation. If these scholars claim that theImams were only inspired, then the inspiration is a different story. It is not bindingto be followed or to be enforced on others nor should it be shared by other humanbeings.

1 Azami p.25.


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I"*o (coNsENSUS R 'EMr-.'NSENSUS)Shee'ah scholars have a double standard osition conceming jma'. On the

one hand, the Shee'ah scholars employ consensus o support heir arguments, .g.

Tabatabai writes'...

Both Sunni and Shee'ee learly asserted...' ndwhich

wereacclaimed y all...'1And on the other, jma' is rejected y Shee'ah cholarswho:

l.Claim that thousands of the Prophet's 6r".*Berfuorrim)ompanionshadplottedagainst the Prophet's commands and only less than ten of them remainedtruthful, thereby aking knowledge rom these against he majority.

2. Consider the millions of Muslim scholars hroughout he Islamic history and heglobe as non-believers ecause hey don't believe n the I'ma'mah as an articleof faith, one which is based on claims rejected by the majority.

3. Question the authenticity of the Holy Qur'an and he HADEETHs authenticatedby the majority including he interpretations hich gained he acknowledgmentof the same.

Muslim scholars consider Ijma' as the third major source of Islamicteachings. When nothing s directlymentioned n the Holy Qur'an or the SU'N'AHabout the case, hen he Ijma' is considered s a valid source.2 he most authentictext is the one reported by a large group of transmitters o another arge group. Thisis

called"Tawatur".3 The

most valid nterpretation f the SU'N'AH/FIADEETHSis that which gains the approval f Ijma'.4For ALLAH says n the Holy Qur'an:"And holdfast, all of you together, o the Rope of ALLAH (i.e. this Qur'an), andbe not divided amongyourselves"5. Condemning eviation, ALLAH, addressing

the Prophet ip".*Be too rim) nd referring o those who deviated rom the right path,says'. Verily, those who divide their religion and break up into sects (all kinds ofreligious sects), you (O Muhammad TpeaceBenponni^)ave no concern n them nthe leasl Their affair is only with ALLAH, lVho then will tell them what theyused to do'6. The Propht 6reaenerp-n^1aid: ...stick to the Jama'ah Majority)

and avoid division. Satan is with the one person alone but is more ikely to avoidthe two together, whosoever wants abundance n Paradise should stick to the

t Tabatabai, p. +0.'Ftawi,IbnTaymiahvol. 19 pp . 5-8, and g2-2\2

'Al-Jazari, vol. l, pp . 120-6.o Fatawa, bn Taymiyah, vol. 19,pp.267-72.5Holy qur'an: Chapter 3 verse 103.uHoly qur'an : Chapter 6 verse 159.

IJMA'(CONSENSUS OR SEMI-CONSENSUS)Shee'ah scholars have a double standard position concerning Ijma'. On the

one hand, the Shee'ah scholars employ consensus to support their arguments, e.g.

Tabatabai writes '.. . Both Sunni and Shee'ee clearly asserted .. . ' and 'which wereacclaimed by all ... ,1 And on the other, Ijma' is rejected by Shee'ah scholars who:

1. Claim that thousands of the Prophet's (pe ac e Be Upon Him) companions had plottedagainst the Prophet's commands and only less than ten of them remainedtruthful, thereby taking knowledge from these against the majority.

2. Consider the millions of Muslim scholars throughout the Islamic history and theglobe as non-believers because they don't believe in the I'ma'mah as an articleoffaith, one which is based on claims rejected by the majority.

3. Question the authenticity of the Holy Qur'an and the HADEETHs authenticatedby the majority including the interpretations which gained the acknowledgmentof the same.

Muslim scholars consider Ijma' as the third major source of Islamicteachings. When nothing is directly mentioned in the Holy Qur 'an or the SU'N'AHabout the case, then the Ijma' is considered as a valid source. 2 The most authentic

text is the one reported by a large group of transmitters to another large group. Thisis called "Tawatur".3 The most valid interpretation of the SU'N'AH/HADEETHS

is that which gains the approval ofIjma'.4 For ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an:

"And holdfast, all o f you together, to the Rope o f ALLAH (i.e. this Qur'an), andbe not divided amongyourselves"s. Condemning deviation, ALLAH, addressing

the Prophet (p ea ce Be Upon Him) and referring to those who deviated from the right path,says: "Verily, those who divide their religion and break up into sects (all kinds ofreligious sects), you (0 Muhammad (peace Be Upon Him)) have no concern in them inthe least Their affair is only with ALLAH, Who then will tell them what theyused to do" 6. The Prophet (peace Be Upon Him) said: ' ...stick to the Jama'ah (Majority)

and avoid division. Satan is with the one person alone but is more likely to avoidthe two together, whosoever wants abundance in Paradise should stick to the

1 Tabatabai, p. 40.

2 Fatawi, Ibn Taymiah vol. 19 pp. 5-8, an d 192-202.

3 Al-Jazari, vol. 1, pp. 120-6.

4 Fatawa, Ibn Taymiyah, vol. 19, pp. 267-72.

'Holy Qur'an: Chapter 3 verse 103.


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Jama'ah...'.1 Jama'ah and consensus here is referring o the majority of Muslim

scholars rarho are knowledgeable bout he commandments f ALLAH. In anotherHADEETH, the Prophet @ecBcrlorrim)aid: My Ummah will not have consensuson what is wrong'.2 The Prophet p*Be r&enin)alsoaid: ...MyUmmahwillbe

divided into seventy three groups. Only one of them shall be saved and he restshall be in hellfire'. When he was asked which group s to be saved, he responded:'The followers of my path and my Companions'. n another version of the sameHADEETH he responded: They are he Jama'ah'.3

Brothers and sisters, don't you think that consistency s one of the crucialelements of any valid measurement nd a tool of an objective argument? Don't youthink it is suspicious f a person employs an argument when t supports his biasesand rejects the same once t refutes hem? Think about t. Let us assume hat you

as Muslims want to know which path leads o paradise. A group of people youdon't know anything about claimed that they know which path leads to it.However, one among this group gave you a direction which contradicts hedirections of the rest of the group, numbering no less han eleven people. Bothdescriptions eemed o be equally reasonable, hich direction houldyou nowfollow? What if you came o know that f you do not know this person's directionor if you disagree with him he will hate you, but the others won't? For ALLAHsays in the Holy Qur'an: " there s no compulsion n religion. Verily, the RightPath has become distinct

fromthe wrong path. l(hoever dkbelieves in Taghut

(anything worshipped other than the Real God 'ALLAH") and believes inALLAH, then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold that will neverbreah and ALL,AH h all-Hearer, all Knower"4.

Brothers and Sisters, ust think about it as a basic rule. There are hreecategories f issues upon which scholars differ and hey are as ollows:

1.The Majority had confrrmed t as he right one but had not definitely rejected tas wrong.

2.The majority had not approved of it as the right one buthadnotdefinitelyrejected t as wrong either.

3. The Majority had rejected t as definitely wrong.The crucial differences between the Muslim and he Shee'ah scholars are

contained n the last category.

t Al-Jazari, vol. 6, p. 669.2Baleq p. 5,14.' Ibn Taymiyalr. Minhaj, vol. 2. p. 122-5o Holy qu'an: ChaPer 2verse256.

9

Jama'ah .. .'.1 Jama'ah and consensus here is referring to the majority of Muslim

scholars who are knowledgeable about the commandments of ALLAH. In anotherHADEETH, the Prophet (peace Be Upon Him) said: 'My Ummah will not have consensus

. on what is wrong'.2 The Prophet (peace Be UponHim) also said: ' ... My Ummah will be

divided into seventy three groups. Only one of them shall be saved and the restshall be in hellfire'. When he was asked which group is to be saved, he responded:'The followers of my path and my Companions'. In another version of the sameHADEETH he responded: 'They are the Jama'ah,.3

Brothers and sisters, don 't you think that consistency is one of the crucialelements of any valid measurement and a tool of an objective argument? Don't youthink it is suspicious if a person employs an argument when it supports his biasesand rejects the same once it refutes them? Think about it. Let us assume that you

as Muslims want to know which path leads to paradise. A group of people youdon't know anything about claimed that they know which path leads to it.However, one among this group gave you a direction which contradicts thedirections of the rest of the group, numbering no less than eleven people. Bothdescriptions seemed to be equally reasonable, which direction should you nowfollow? What if you came to know that if you do not know this person's directionor i f you disagree with him he will hate you, but the others won't? For ALLAHsays in the Holy Qur'an:" there is no compulsion in religion. Verily, the RightPath has become distinct from the wrong path. Whoever disbelieves in Taghut(anything worshipped other than the Real God " A L L A H ' ~and believes inALLAH, then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold that will neverbreak and ALLAH is all-Hearer, all Knower" 4.

Brothers and Sisters, just think about it as a basic rule. There are threecategories of issues upon which scholars differ and they are as follows:

1. The Majority had confirmed it as the right one but had not definitely rejected itas wrong.

2. The majority had not approved of it as the right one but had not definitelyrejected it as wrong either.

3. The Majority had rejected it as definitely wrong.The crucial differences between the Muslim and the Shee'ah scholars are

contained in the last category.

I Al-Jazari, vol. 6, p. 669.

2 Baleeq p. 544.

3 Ibn Taymiyah. Minhaj, vol. 2. pp. 122-5.


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Brothers and sisters, remember that there is a great deal of differencebetween the 'majority of Muslims' wtrich is not a sufficient evidence and the'majority of Muslims scholars' wtrich s uitrat s meant here by Ijma'

Our Dears let us remembqr that ALLAH had wamed us against deviatingfrom His straight path. He says in the Holy Qur'an: "And verily, this is my

Staight Path, so follow it, and follow not (other) paths,for they will seporuteyou away rom Hispath. This He has ordainedfor you thatyou may become Al'

Muttaqun (the pious )".1

I Hoty qr'an: ChaFer 6 verse 153.

1 0

Brothers and sisters, remember that there is a great deal of differencebetween the 'majority of Muslims' which is not a sufficient evidence and the'majority of Muslims scholars' which is what is meant here by Ijma'

Our Dears let us remember that ALLAH had warned us against deviatingfrom His straight path. He says in the Holy Qur'an: "And verily, this is my

Straight Path, so follow it, and follow not (other) paths,for they will separateyou away from His path. This He has ordainedfor you thatyou may become Al-Muttaqun (the pious)". 1


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TICLES OF EAITH AND PILLARS OF'ISLAMThe Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars say that believing in a hereditary system of

leadership f the whole Muslim Ummah I'ma'mah) is as undamental s

believing n one God.l To them, I'ma'mah is an article offaithandapillarof

Islam.2 tn additioq among he articles eferred o in the constitution and the otherShee'ah sources, there is no mention of believing in the angels or divinedestiny(Al-Qader).

Muslim scholars affirm that there s no such hing as I'ma'mah, an allegedhereditary system of leadership of the whole Muslim Ummah n Islam. There areevidences n the Holy Qur'an and he reliable SU'N'AH that even efute.and ejectthis concept. ln the Holy Qur'an, ALLAH says: "...and who (conduct) heir(Muslim) alfairs by mutuat consultation..'tr and the Prophet{peeBetloHin)was

commanded: ..,and consult hem n the affiirs...".a

The Muslim scholars believe hat Islam s built on five pillars: Testifuing hatthere is no God but ALLAH and Mohammad is His messenger, performingprayers, paylng charity, fasting in the month of Ramadan and making thepilgrimage to the house of ALLAH.s Furthermore, they believe that thefundamental articles of Iman are: To believe n ALLAH, His Angles, His Books,His Messengers, he last Day and o believe n divine destiny, both the good andthe evil thereof.6 If you read he whole Holy Qur'an you will not find any supportfor the 'I'ma'mah concept', the alleged hereditary system of leadership f theqihole Muslim Ummah.

Brothers and sisters, hould we believe he majority of Muslim scholars whoare supported clearly by the Holy Qur'an verses and reliable FIADEETHs, or thefew Shee'ah scholars whose opinions are not sanctioned y the Holy Qur'an or thereliable I{ADEETHs? Make sure hat our sole ntention s to please ALLAH onlyand to find truth for our salvation in this world and in the hereafter. Let us,remember hat ALLAH says n the Holy Qur'an: "0 you who believe! Believe nALIllH, and flis Messenger (Muhammad(p*", Beupon im)t and the Booh (the

I Constitution Article 2 and Asifi. W.23-52Al-Kafvol. 1p.290.

t Holy qur'an: Chapter 42 verse 38.o Holy qr'an: Chapter 3 verse 159.r Bukhari and Muslim - Forty Hadeeths, p. 35.t Muslim -Forty Hadeeths, p. 30.

l l

~ T I C L E SOF FAITH AND PILLARS OF ISLAMThe Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars say that believing in a hereditary system of

leadership of the whole Muslim Ummah (I'ma'mah) is as fundamental as

believing in one God. l To them, I'ma'mah is an article offaith and a pillar of

Islam. 2 . In addition, among the articles referred to in the constitution and the other

Shee'ah sources, there is no mention of believing in the angels or divinedestiny(Al-Qader).

Muslim scholars affirm that there is no such thing as I'ma'mah, an allegedhereditary system of leadership of the whole Muslim Ummah in Islam. There areevidences in the Holy Qur'an and the reliable SU'N'AH that even refute.and rejectthis concept. In the Holy Qur'an, ALLAH says: "... and who (conduct) their(Muslim) affairs by mutual consultation... '''' and the Prophet


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Qur'an) which He has sent down to His Messenger, and the Scripture which Hesent dmtn to those before (him), and whosover disbelieves in ALL'AH, HisAngek, His Books, His Messengers, and the Last Day, then indeed he has

strayedfar a74tay"1.

t Holy Qur'an: chapter 4 verse 136

t2

Qur'an) which He has sent down to His Messenger, and the Scripture which Hesent down to those before (him), and whosover disbelieves in ALLAH, HisAngels, His Books, His Messengers, and the Last Day, then indeed he hasstrayedfar away"l.

1 Holy Qur'an: chapter 4 verse 136.

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S"""'AH .'NCEPT oF I'M.{MAHThe Shee'ah scholars believe hat the Immate concept s an article of faith

equal o believing n one God. 'ma'mah concept means hat he spiritual, eligious,

educational nd political leadership of the whole Muslim Ummah s a matter ofinheritance confined o only twelve mams. These are he husband f the youngestdaughter of the Prophet (peae euptnHim),Fatima, her twO sons and sOme of the

descendants f her second ons. Husain, who was married o the Persian mperor's

daughter.r

This religious and political eadership ould be nherited y a nine, eight orfive year-old boy.2 For example, he constitution f the Republic of Iran states hat:

... the official religion of Iran is the Ja'fari Eth'nai Ashri and this article isunchangeable orever'.3

First of all, his belief s bound with the belief hat hese mams re nfalliblea

and share with ALLAH the power of knowing the unseen ncluding theknowledge as o when he Imams would die.5 They believe hat obedience o these

Imams should be unquestionable 'even the worship of God becomes nnecessaryif this is the Imam's order'.6 n Khomeini's ords, t says. We cannot magine

that the Imams can make mistake'.7 lso the I'ma'mah s nterwoven ith the

belief that 'the spiritual status of the Imam is universal viceregency It is aviceregency pertaining o the whole creation, y virtue of which all atoms n theuniverse humble themselves efore the holder of this authority. t is one of theessential eliefs of our Shee'ah chool hat no one can attain he spiritual tatus f

the Imams, not even he angels f the highest ank or messengers f ALLAH'.8 On

the other hand, the concept s inherent n the Shee'ah belief that all Muslim

Ca'lee'phahs leaders of the whole Muslim nation), ulers and udges are aghoots

'Tabatabai,pp. 190-21 & Hassan, p. 230-1.' Tabatabai, p. 205, 7, 10.3 Constitution Article 12.oe.g.. Asifi, pp.23-25, Constitution, rticle2.

' Al-Kafi, vol. 1, pp. 206-62u Islamic great Library p. 6.? Khomeini, Arabic p. 91.8Khomeini, p. 64.

t3

S H E E ' AH C ON CE PT O F I'MA'MAH

The Shee'ah scholars believe that the Immate concept is an article offaithequal to believing in one God. I'ma'mah concept means that the spiritual, religious,

educational and political leadership of the whole Muslim Ummah is a matter ofinheritance confined to only twelve Imams. These are the husband of the youngestdaughter of the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him), Fatima, her two sons and some of thedescendants of her second sons, Husain, who was married to the Persian emperor'sdaughter. 1

This religious and political leadership could be inherited by a nine, eight orfive year-old boy? For example, the constitution of the Republic of I r ~ nstates that:

...the official religion of Iran

isthe Ja'fari Eth 'nai Ashri and this article

is

unchangeable forever,3

First of all, this belief is bound with the belief that these Imams are infallible 4

and share with ALLAH the power of knowing the unseen including theknowledge as to when the Imams would die. 5 They believe that obedience to these

Imams should be unquestionable - 'even the worship of God becomes unnecessaryif this is the Imam's order,6 In Khomeini's words, it says ' We cannot imagine

that the Imams can make mistake,7 Also the I'ma'mah is interwoven with the

belief that 'the spiritual status of the Imam is universal viceregency. It is aviceregency pertaining to the whole creation, by virtue of which all atoms in theuniverse humble themselves before the holder of this authority. It is one of theessential beliefs of our Shee'ah school that no one can attain the spiritual status ofthe Imams, not even the angels of the highest rank or messengers of ALLAH'. 8 On

the other hand, the concept is inherent in the Shee'ah belief that all Muslim

Ca'lee'phahs (leaders of the whole Muslim nation), rulers and judges are taghoots

1 Tabatabai,pp. 190-211 & Hassan, pp. 230-1.

2 Tabatabai, pp. 205, 7, 10.

3 Constitution Article 12.

4 e.g .. Asifi, pp. 23-25, Constitution, Article 2.

5 Al-Kafi, vol. 1, pp. 206-62.

6 Islamic great Library p. 6.

7 Khomeini, Arabic p. 91.

8 Khomeini, p. 64.

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(evil ones) if they are not Shee'ah or of the twelve Imams.l Therefore theconstitution of Iran made sure hat only an Ithna Ashari Ja'afai Shee'ah can bepresident.2 nd the national legislative ouncil shall not enact aws hat contradict

the principles and jurisprudence of the offrcial sect of the state'.3 The twelfth

Shee'ah mam is believed o have been born n 868 A.D. and s still alive noweven after eleven centuries) but disappeared hen he was 5 years old. He willreappear and the current Republic of Iran will be dissolved or him to take theleadership.a

The Muslim scholars egard monarchy uestionable here only the politicalpower is inherited. Therefore, they reject completely any form of monarchy nwhich even the religious and the spiritual eadership s inherited, nless here sclear evidence n the Holy Qur'an or the reliable SU'N'AH of the prophotlreaaner6,nni-r that supports his claim. Not only rs there no such evidence, but also heconcept of I'ma'mah contradicts he principleof the consultatron mphasized ythe Holy Qur'an. ALLAH, commanding he Prophet, ays: .......and onsult hemin affairs.........'6, nd praising he believers ays: ....... and who (conduct) heir

affairs by mutual consultation.

The Muslim scholars also affirm hat complete nfallibility s an attribute fALLAH alone and no creature shares t with Him. Even he nfallibilityof theprophets s limited o conveytng herr messages ruly and n avoiding cardinal insor disobedience o ALLAH. For example, LLAH addressing he Prophet ays:"The Prophtp"o"" e ponrimltowned and turned away because a blind man cameto him (interrupting)".7 The Holv Qur'an assures s that even he best creature nearth does not share with ALLAH the attributesof nfallibility.Concemingtheknowledge of the unseen, LLAH says n the Holy Qur'an: "I (Mohamntod TeeaceneupmHin) have no power over ony good or harm to my self except as God(ALLAH) wills, if I had knowledge of the unseen, should have multiplied allgood, und no evil should have ouched me...'r. Muslim scholars onsider hosewho believe hat some human beings are better han he messengers f ALLAH as

' Khomeini,pp.92-1.2 Constitution Arct. I 15.3 Constitution Acft.72.4 Constitution Arct. 5.

'Holy qur'an: Chapter verse 159.uHoly qur'an: Chapter 2 verse 38.t Holyqur'an: Chapter 0verses -10t Holy qur'an: Chapter 7 verse 88.

t t o

t4

(evil ones) i f they are not Shee'ah or of the twelve Imams. I Therefore the

constitution of Iran made sure that only an Ithna Ashari Ja'afari Shee'ah can bepresident. 2 and the 'national legislative council shall not enact laws that contradict

the principles and jurisprudence of the official sect of the state,.3 The twelfth

Shee'ah Imam is believed to have been born in 868 A.D. and is still alive (noweven after eleven centuries) but disappeared when he was 5 years old. He willreappear and the current Republic of Iran will be dissolved for him to take theleadership.4

The Muslim scholars regard monarchy questionable where only the politicalpower is inherited. Therefore, they reject completely any form of monarchy inwhich even the religious and the spiritual leadership is inherited, unless there isclear evidence in the Holy Qur'an or the reliable SU'N'AH of the prophetcPeaceBeUpollHim) that supports this claim. Not only is there no such evidence, but also theconcept of l 'ma'mah contradicts the principle of the consultatIOn emphasized bythe Holy Qur'an. ALLAH, commanding the Prophet, says: , and consult them

in affairs......... '05, and praising the believers says: " ....... and who (conduct) their

affairs by mutual consultation....... " .6

The Muslim scholars also affirm that complete infallibility is an attribute ofALLAH alone and no creature shares it with Him. Even the infallibility of theprophets is limited to conveymg theIr messages truly and in avoiding cardinal sinsor disobedience to ALLAH. For example, ALLAH addressing the Prophet says:"The Prophetweace BeUpon llim) frowned and turned away because a blind man cameto him (interrupting)". 7 The Holy Qur'an assures us that even the best creature on

earth does not share with ALLAH the attributes of infallibility. Concerning theknowledge of the unseen, ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an: "I (Mohammad (PeaceBeUpon H;mJ) have no power over any good or harm to my self except as God(ALLAH) wills, i f I had knowledge o f the unseen, I should have multiplied allgood, and no evil should have touched me ... ,,s. Muslim scholars consider those

who believe that some human beings are better than the messengers of ALLAH as

1 Khomeini, pp. 92-3.

2 Constitution Aret. 115.

3 Constitution Aert. 72.

4 Constitution Aret. 5.



7 Holy qur'an: Chapter 80 verses 1-10.


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kaferon (unbelievers),1 et alone those who claim that some creatures hare with

ALLAH His unique attributes or that obedience o these creatures s moreimportant han o the Creator. The concept f the still alive 12ftShee'ah mam s amyth which should not bp believed, et alone build a whole system f an Islamicgoverrrment n it. Al-tabari assured s hat he 11ft mam had no offspring's at all.z

There are very few HADEETHs compiled by Termithy and Abu Dawoodmentioning the appearance of Al-Mahdi among the signs of the Day ofResurrection. hese HADEETHs say that he will have a name similar to theProphet's Mohammad p",* +up,-Hi-y)and his father's name will be similar o theProphet's ather Abdullah), ot Hassan he l lth Imam's name. He will be rom thedescendants f the first grandson of the Prophet 1p""*re htnHim)ut not from thesecond grandson's progeny Furthermore, here s no evidence hat such a person

wrll live twelve centuries.Brothers and Sisters. he Shee'ah cholars onsider he 'ma'mah oncept s

an article of faith equal o believing n ALLAH. That s, f you don't believe his,then by their definition ou could be a Kafer unbeliever), od orbid. On the otherhand, if you believe uchwith all its implications nd drmensions ou could be aKafer by the definrtron of the scholars hose oyalty s only to ALLAH and heProphet (peaeBerrprnHimr,ot for a special ynasty or race. Make sure hat you choosethe nght path o paradise

t Al-Tahawi, p. 557.2 lbn Taymiyah, Minhaj vol.l P. 37.t Ibn Al-Atheer, vol. 10, pp.330-2.

l 5

kaferon (unbelievers), I let alone those who claim that some creatures share with

ALLAH His unique attributes or that obedience to these creatures is moreimportant than to the Creator. The concept of the still alive 12 th Shee' ah Imam is amyth which should not be believed, let alone build a whole system of an Islamicgovernment on it. Al-tabari assured us that the 11 th Imam had no offspring's at all. 2

There are very few HADEETHs compiled by Termithy and Ab u Dawoodmentioning the appearance of AI-Mahdi among the signs of the Day ofResurrection. These HADEETHs say that he will have a name similar to theProphet's (Mohammad (Peace Be Up,m Him) and his father's name will be similar to theProphet's father (Abdullah), not Hassan the 11 th Imam's name. He will be from thedescendants of the first grandson of the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) but not from thesecond grandson's progeny3 Furthermore, there is no evidence that such a person

will live twelve centuries.Brothers and Sisters, the Shee'ah scholars consider the I'ma'mah concept as

an article of faith equal to believing in ALLAH. That is, if you don't believe this,then by their definition you could be a Kafer (unbeliever), God forbid. On the otherhand, if you believe such with all its implications and dimensions you could be aKafer by the defimtIOn of the scholars whose loyalty is only to ALLAH and theProphet (Peace Be Upon Him), not for a special dynasty or race. Make sure that you choosethe nght path to paradise

1 AI-Tahawi, p. 557.

2 Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj vol. I P. 37.

3 Ibn AI-Atheer, vol. 10, pp. 330-2.

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F*rLy oF THE pRopHET eo""n.uponrnm)The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars onfine Family of the prophet peaBrbmHim)"o

the youngest daughter of the Prophet (peae e rpdHim), atima , his cousin Ali -husband of Fatima, the first grandson and he second grandson who married helast kanian emperor's daughter, hen Shahrbanoo) nd the eight descendants f thesecond gtandson rom his Persian wife.l Khomeini said: lt is one of the essential

beliefs of Shee'ah school that no one can attain he spiritual status of Imam (Aliand his descendants), ot even the close angels or the prophets who are alsomessengers f God'2. Shee'ah scholars believe hat the eadership f the whole

Muslim Ummah is confined only to the twelve Imams. Therefore hey neglect heaccomplishments nd the virtues of or cast cardinal accusations gainst he rest of

the prophet's 1p""o e pm im) amily and Companions, nless hey are proven o theShee'ah scholars to have demonstrated trong support o Ali. (This can be furthercorroborated y reading any of the Shee'ah ources n Islamic hrstory, or exampleTabatabai, Ii Shariati, bn Abi al-hadid, tc.).

The Muslim scholars onsider Ahl-al Bait" the amily of the Prophet peaeBr}q Him) s all his relatives who cannot eceive charity. This includes he Prophet@eeBe tom im), li, Aqil, Abbas and heir posterity,3 he wrves of the Prophet @eaeBe

rlo rrim) re members of his family, ALLAH Says n the Holy Qur'an: "And stay nyoar houses and do not display yourselves ike that ofthe times ofignorance,and perform regular prayers (As-Salat), and give charity (Zakat) , and obeyALI-/IH and his Messenger. ALLAH wishes only to remove Ar-Rijs ( evil deedsand sin, ecl) fromyou, O members of thefamily of the Prophet @eaceBerJpon*im)eeand to purfu you with a thorough purification.'4, not only that, but all the

Prophet's wives are he mothers of the believers, ALLAH Says n the Holy Qur'an:" The Prophet is closer to the believers han their ownselves, nd his wives aretheir (believers') mothers (as regards respect and marriage)

The majority of the Muslim scholars onsider hose who believe hat somehuman beings are better han he Prophets as Kafir (unbeliever). Muslim scholarshold respect or the whole amily of the Prophet peaaBerlmnim;n general.

t Ash-sheerazee p. l3-19.2

Khomeni, ranslation, Algar,p

64 & PSGp.

253Muslim, vol. 2,p. 517-21& vol. 4, pp. 1286-7o Holy Qur'an: chapter 33 verse 33.t Holy qur'an: chaper 33 verse 6.

l 6

FA M I LY OF THE PROPHET (peaceBeUponIDm)

The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars confme "Family of the prophet (Peace Be Upon Himj" tothe youngest daughter of the Prophet (pea"" Be Upon Him), Fatima, his cousin Ali-husband of Fatima, the first grandson and the second grandson (who married thelast Iranian emperor's daughter, then Shahrbanoo) and the eight descendants of thesecond grandson from his Persian wife. 1 Khomeini said: ' I t is one of the essential

beliefs of Shee'ah school that no one can attain the spiritual status ofImam (Aliand his descendants), not even the close angels or the prophets who are alsomessengers of God,2. Shee'ah scholars believe that the leadership of the whole

Muslim Ummah is confined only to the twelve Imams. Therefore they neglect theaccomplishments and the virtues of or cast cardinal accusations against the rest of

the prophet's (Peace Be Upon Him) family and Companions, unless they are proven to theShee'ah scholars to have demonstrated strong support to Ali. (This can be furthercorroborated by reading any of the Shee'ah sources in Islamic hIstOry, for exampleTabatabai, Ali Shariati, Ibn Abi al-hadid, etc.).

The Muslim scholars consider "Ahl-al Bait" the family of the Prophet (Pea""BeUpon Him) as all his relatives who cannot receive charity. This includes the Prophet(peace Be Upon Him), Ali, Aqil, Abbas and their posterity,3 the wives of the Prophet (pea""Be

Upon Him) are members of his family, ALLAH Says in the Holy Qur'an: "And stay inyour houses and do not display yourselves like that of the times o f ignorance,and perform regular prayers (As-Salat), and give charity (Zakat) , and obeyALLAH and his Messenger. ALLAH wishes only to remove Ar-Rijs ( evil deedsand sin, ect) from you, 0 members ofthefamity o f the Prophet (peace Be Upon Him)"and to purify you with a thorough purification. ,,4, not only that, but all the

Prophet's wives are the mothers of the believers, ALLAH Says in the Holy Qur'an:" The Prophet is closer to the believers than their ownselves, and his wives aretheir ( b e l i e v e r s ~mothers (as regards respect and marriage)....... ,,5.

The majority of the Muslim scholars consider those who believe that somehuman beings are better than the Prophets as Kafir (unbeliever). Muslim scholarshold respect for the whole family of the Prophet (Pea"" Be Upon Him) in general.

I Ash-Sheerazee pp. 13-19.

2 Khomeni, translation, Algar, p. 64 & PSG p. 25.

3 Muslim, vol. 2, pp. 517-21 & vol. 4, pp. 1286-7.


S Holy Qur'an: chapter 33 verse 6.

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The Prophet rp* Bc l' Hin), n a HADEETH reported by Muslimt while

commanding Muslims to stick to the Holy Qur'an as a source of.guidance, lsoasked them to be kind to his family. Muslim scholars lso preserved high statusfor all the Companions f the Prophet @wBcrlorrim),he chosen soldiers of Islam.2

Brothers and Sisters, being Muslims, could we really neglect the otherdaughters f the Prophet @eeBcrloHin),is relatives and heir descendants ho wereexcellent muslims? Could we confine he family of the Prophetrp**Br&aHim)o justa few ones as selected y Shee'ah Scholars? ould we really love only a few andcurse the other tens of thousands of the early generation f Islam? What aboutOthman, who was married o the two daughters f the Prophetrp**BrD@Hin)nd hada son from one of them? What about the descendants f Hassan , the eldestgrandson of the Prophet (pcae e * ni-i? Don't you think Ali and his piousdescendants would be among the fust to condemn hese concepts f the Shee'ah

scholars?

t Muslim, vol. 4,p. 12879.2 The Virhres of the Companions, n Al-Bukhari&Muslim.

l 7

The Prophet (Peaao Be Up m Him), in a HADEETH reported by Muslim 1 while

commanding Muslims to stick to the Holy Qur'an as a source o f guidance, alsoasked them to be kind to his family. Muslim scholars also preserved a high statusfor all the Companions of the Prophet {Peaao Be Up m Him),the chosen soldiers ofIslam. 2

Brothers and Sisters, being Muslims, could we really neglect the otherdaughters of the Prophet (peaceBe Upon Him),his relatives and their descendants who wereexcellent muslims? Could we confine the family of the Prophet


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C'MPANI'NS oF THE PR.PHET (PBUH)The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars claim that the first and the second guided

Ca'lee'phahs, Abu Bakr and Omar plotted against slam and tried to eliminate he

HADEETH so that they could nterpret he Holy Qur'anin

sucha way as o serve

their purposes. The Shee'ah scholars also claim that the three first guidedCa'lee'phahs 'Broke their covenant with the prophet peaeBetbmHin)nd changed his

SU'N'AH'.I They divide the thousands of the Prophet's ompanions nto three

categories,2

l. The Companions hom the Shee'ah cholars ike, who are ess han en.2. The worst elements (among these was Abdullah bin Omar who reported

numerous rue HADEETHs).3. Those who sold their Honors (among hese were Abu Hurayra, Abu Darda andAbu Musal-Ashaari. ll reported many rue HADEETHs).

One of the official newspapers hen, after describing he Prophet peaeBeL[mHin)as having singled out his son-in-law unjustly with special parts of the IslamicMessage, assures hat "most of the Prophet's peaeBeLpruHim)eneration id not havea clear picture even of the religious issues that the prophet (peae p.-ni-; adpracticed hundreds of times before their eyes and within reach of their hearing.s

Specifically, a Shee'ah cholarmentions .. . Abdul Rahman bn Ouf, a worshipperof money; the aristocrat, Othman; the careless halid Ibn Walid; and Saied bn

Vaqas, as a man without piety'.0

The Muslim scholars say hat the great companions re trustworthy and arereliable sources all of them deserve igh respect.s LLAH has pratsed he great

Companions n the Holy Qur'an saying: "You are the best of peoples"6 "The

Vanguard(of

Islam),the

Jirstwhoforsooktheir homes (Al-Muhaiirin) andof

those who gave them aid (Al-Ansar) and also whofollow them in all good deeds.ALI"/IH is pleased with them as they are with Him. For them He preparedgardens under which rivers low to dwelt therein orever".T "Mohammed is the

t Al-Askari, p. 3+s.t The Ministry of Islamic Guidance n lran, pp. 28-30.'Al-Jehad, No. 56

4 shadati, p. 2075Ibn Taymiyah, vot. I p. 3076Holy qur'an: clrapter 3 versel ot Holy qur'an: chapter 9 versel00

t 8

COMPANIONS OF THE PROPHET (PBUH)

The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars claim that the fIrst and the second guidedCa'lee'phahs, Abu Bakr and Omar plotted against Islam and tried to eliminate the

HADEETH so that they could interpret the Holy Qur'an in such a way as to servetheir purposes. The Shee'ah scholars also claim that the three fIrst guidedCa'lee'phahs 'Broke their covenant with the prophet (Peace Be Upoo Him) and changed hisSU'N'AH,.I They divide the thousands of the Prophet's companions into three

categories; 2

1. The Companions whom the Shee'ah scholars like, who are less than ten.2. The worst elements (among these was Abdullah bin Omar who reported

numerous true HADEETHs).3. Those who sold their Honors (among these were Abu Hurayra, Abu Darda andAbu Musal-Ashaari. All reported many true HADEETHs).

One of the official newspapers then, after describing the Prophet (Peace Be UpooHim) as having singled out his son-in-law unjustly with special parts of the IslamicMessage, assures that "most of the Prophet's (Peace Be Upon Him) generation did not havea clear picture even of the religious issues that the prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) hadpracticed hundreds of times before their eyes and within reach of their hearing. 3

Specifically, a Shee'ah scholar mentions ' ... Abdul Rahman Ibn Ouf, a worshipperof money; the aristocrat, Othman; the careless Khalid Ibn Walid; and Saied IbnVaqas, as a man without piety'. 4

The Muslim scholars say that the great companions are trustworthy and arereliable sources - all of them deserve high respect. 5 ALLAH has praIsed the great

Companions in the Holy Qur'an saying: "You are the best o f peoples " 6 "The

Vanguard (of Islam), the first who forsook their homes (AI-Muhajirin) and o fthose who gave them aid (AI-Ansar) and also who follow them in all good deeds.ALLAH" is pleased with them as they are with Him. For them He preparedgardens under which rivers flow to dwell therein forever". 7; "Mohammed is the

1 Al-Askari, p. 34-8.

2 The Ministry of Islamic Guidance in Iran, pp. 28-30.

3 Al-Jehad, No. 56

4 Shariati, p. 207

3 Ibn Tayrniyah, vol. I p. 307

6 Holy Qur'an: cp.apter 3 verse I I 0

7 Holy Qur'an: chapter 9 verseI 00

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Apostle of God and those who are with each other. You see them bow ondprostrate themselves (in prayu) seehing grace from God and (His) good

In a reliable HADEETH the Prophets** B pm in)said: 'The best of myfollowers are hose iving in my century'.2

The Muslim scholars have no doubt hat the Prophet GeaeBcrbcorrim)onveyedhis message without any discrimination or bias or his son-in-law or any one else ofthe companions. The great Companions were in general, more knowledgeableabout the Islamic eachings. Among the non-relatives f the prophet @eacBerloHin),there were many who were more knowledgeable han Ali or the other relatives ofthe Prophet peaeBerporlm;n spite of the HADEETH forged by Shee'ah scholars.3

Among those Companions who have been slandered y the Shee'ah scholarsare those who have been old that they were the people of paradise. Among themalso are those o whom the Prophet 1reaeBerlmnimlaid: May my mother and atherbe sacrificed for you' or that the Prophet eaeBerlmrrimls from them and they arefrom him.

Among those companions here are hundreds about whom the Prophet GwBcu* n-l said: 'None loves hem but a believer and non hates hem but a hypocrite'.Certainly, the blind, biased and exaggerated ove are excluded. For these kinds of"Love" should ather be identified as hatred. f there were disagreements mong afew Companions based on a difference of legal opinions Ijtehad), we should notindulge in udging their personal eeds, or ALLAH condemns uch acts; .e. atterones udging he deeds f the earlier ones.

ln the Holy Qur'an it says: "That was a nation who has passed away. Theyshall receive the reward of what they earned, and you of what you earned, Andyou will not be asked of what they used o do"?a

Brothers and sisters, do you believe ALLAH who plainly states hat He is

pleased with the Companions f the Prophet peaeBeupmnim)r the Shee'ah scholarswho honor just afew Companions nd curse and accuse housands f others. Besure to find the right way to paradise and not function unintentionally as an agentof the enemies'of Islam who are trying to destroy he Holy Qur'an and theHADEETH. Remember hat Imam Ahmad binHanbalsaid: Ifyouseeaperson

accusing the companions of the Prophet peaeBertomHimr.ou have he right to doubthis Islam'

' Holy Qur'an: chapter 48 verses 18-29.'Al-Bukhari, vol. 5, p.2.' Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj vol. 3, pp. 116-73.a Holy qur'an: chapter 2 verses 134.

t9

Apostle o f God and those who are with each other. You see them bow andprostrate themselves (in prayer) seeking grace from God and (His) good

1

In a reliable HADEETH the Prophe1:(peace Be UpooHim) said: 'The best of myfollowers are those living in my century'.2

The Muslim scholars have no doubt that the Prophet (Pe;lce BeUpooHim)conveyedhis message without any discrimination or bias for his son-in-law or anyone else ofthe companions. The great Companions were in general, more knowledgeableabout the Islamic teachings. Among the non-relatives of the prophet (peaceBeUpooHim),there were many who were more knowledgeable than Ali or the other relatives ofthe Prophet (peaceBeUpooHim),in spite of the HADEETH forged by Shee'ah scholars. 3

Among those Companions who have been slandered by the Shee'ah scholarsare those who have been told that they were the people of paradise. Among themalso are those to whom the Prophet (PeaceBeUpro Him)said: 'May my mother and fatherbe sacrificed for you' or that the Prophet (PeaceBeUpon Him)is from them and they arefrom him.

Among those companions there are hundreds about whom the Prophet (PeaceBeUpooHim) said: 'None loves them but a believer and non hates them but a hypocrite '.Certainly, the blind, biased and exaggerated love are excluded. For these kinds of"Love" should rather be identified as hatred. If there were disagreements among afew Companions based on a difference of legal opinions (Ijtehad), we should notindulge in judging their personal deeds, for ALLAH condemns such acts; i.e. latterones judging the deeds of the earlier ones.

[n the Holy Qur'an it says: "That was a nation who has passed away. Theyshall receive the reward of what they earned, andyou of what you earned, Andyou will not be asked o f what they used to do"?4

Brothers and sisters, do you believe ALLAH who plainly states that He is

pleased with the Companions of the Prophet (PeaceBeUpon Him) or the Shee'ah scholarswho honor just a few Companions and curse and accuse thousands of others. Besure to find the right way to paradise and not function unintentionally as an agentof the enemies of Islam who are trying to destroy the Holy Qur' an and theHADEETH. Remember that Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal said: ' I f you see a personaccusing the companions of the Prophet (PeaceBe U p= Him). you have the right to doubthis Islam'

1 Holy Qur'an: chapter 48 verses 18-29.

2 A1-Bukhari, vol. 5, p.2.

3 Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj vol. 3, pp. 116-73.

4 Holy Qur'an: chapter 2 verses 134.

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Rahwaih and Imam Malik gave the verdict that whosoever accuses hecompanions should be punished. bn Taymiyah and Razi said: Whoever questionsthe good aith of the companions s "Zindeeq" and unbeliever'.

Ibn Hajar Al-Haithami and Imam Shaifee are of the opinion, that w?roeverhates the companions s an unbeliever. Al-gadi abu Ya'ala concluded hat the

majority of Muslim scholars have made a consensus hat whoever disgraces ndaccuses a Companion believing hat the Companion deserves isgracing becomes aKafer (unbeliever) but if he does not believe hat the companion desOrves t then hecommitted a serious sin (a Faseq).r

I Abu Mu'awiyah Muhammad, pp. I l-13, 25 and 62.

20

Rahwaih and Imam Malik gave the verdict that whosoever accuses thecompanions should be punished. Ibn Taymiyah and Razi said: 'Whoever questionsthe good faith of the companions is "Zindeeq" and unbeliever'.

Ibn Hajar Al-Haithami and Imam Shaifee are of the opinion, that whoeverhates the companions is an unbeliever. Al-gadi abu Ya'ala concluded that the

majority of Muslim scholars have made a consensus that whoever disgraces andaccuses a Companion believing that the Companion deserves disgracing becomes aKafer (unbeliever) but ifhe does not believe that the companion deserves it then hecommitted a serious sin (a Faseq).l

1 Abu Mu'awiyah Muhammad, pp. 11-13,25 and 62.

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Tno,YAH ('HTELDTNG)The Ja'afari scholars say that: 'TUe'yAH comprises ninetenths of the

religion of ALLAH and whoever does not use TUe'yAH has no religion.TUQ'YAH is to be used n everything except n declaring he prohibition of wineand the rubbing of socks in wudu'.r TUe'yAH means o pretend y doing orsaying exactly the opposite of what you believe or feel, e.g. o pretend o be nicewhile cursing he person n the heart without a present anger.2

The specific purpose of TUQ'YAH is the 'preservation of IslamandtheShee'ah school of thought; if the people had not resorted o it, our school wouldhave been destroyed'3, .e., to the Shee'ah scholars. Ue'yAH could be usedwith non-shee'ah, including Muslims, to preserve the shee'ah Faith. Theprominent Shee'ah cholarTabatabai ays hat Shee'ah UQ'YAH is based n theverses from the Holy Qur'an that say'. Let not the believers ake the disbelieversas Auliya (supporters, helpers, etc.)insteadofthebelievers,andwhoeverdoesthat will never be helped by ALLAH in any way, exceptyou indeedfear a dangerftom them...".4', vl/hover disbelieved n ALLAH after his betief, except him whois orced thereto and whose heart is at rest with Faith...,'.5

The Holy Qur'an also assures s hat pretending o believe differently romwhat is in our hearts S the distinguished characteristic f hypocrites and itcondemns hat. ALLAH says in the Holy eur'an. ,And when hey meet hosewho believe they say 'We believe'. But when they are alone with their Shaytan(devil'polytheist, hyprocrites, etc.), hey say: "Trary we arc with you... ,'.6

ALLAH also says: "Do yoa (aithfull believers) covet hat they will believein your religion inspite of the act that a party of them (Iewish rabbis) used ohear the liltord of ALLAH [the Taurat (Torah)J, then they used to change itlrnowingly after they understood it? "And when thq (Jewg meet hoseihobelieve (Muslims) what ALLAH has revealed to you pews, about descriptionand the qualities of Prophet Muhammad|peaceBeLponHi^)hatwhich are writeen in

' Al-Kafr, AL-Usool, vol. 2, pp 217-9' Al-Kafi A.l-frua, ol. 3 pp. 188-9.3Khomeini p. 144.o Holy qur'an: chapter 3 verse 28.'Holy qur'an: chapter 6 verse 106.t Holy qur'an: chapter verse 14.

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T UQ'YAH (SHIELDING)The Ja'afari scholars say that: 'TUQ'Y AH comprises ninetenths of the

religion of ALLAH and whoever does not use TUQ'YAH has no religion.TUQ'YAH is to be used in everything except in declaring the prohibition of wineand the rubbing of socks in WUdU,.1 TUQ'YAH means to pretend by doing or

saying exactly the opposite of what you believe or feel, e.g. to pretend to be nicewhile cursing the person in the heart without a present danger. 2

The specific purpose of TUQ'YAH is the 'preservation of Islam and theShee'ah school of thought; if the people had not resorted to it, our school wouldhave been destroyed,3, i.e., to the Shee'ah scholars, TUQ'YAH could be used

with non-Shee'ah, including Muslims, to preserve the Shee'ah Faith. Theprominent Shee'ah scholar Tabatabai says that Shee'ah TUQ'YAH is based on theverses from the Holy Qur'an that say: "Let not the believers take the disbelieversas Auliya (supporters, helpers, etc.) instead of the believers, and whoever doesthat will never be helped by ALLAH in any way, exceptyou indeedfear a dangerfrom them. .. ". 4; "Whover disbelieved in ALLAH after his belief, except him who

is forced thereto and whose heart is at rest with Faith... " .5

The Holy Qur'an also assures us that pretending to believe differently fromwhat is in our hearts is the distinguished characteristic of hypocrites and itcondemns that. ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an: "And when they meet thosewho believe they say 'We believe'. But when they are alone with their Shaytan(devil- polytheist, hyprocrites, etc.), they say: "Truly we are with you ... " .6

ALLAH also says: "Do you (faithfull believers) covet that they will believein your religion inspite of the fact that a party o f them (Jewish rabbis) used to

hear the Word o f ALLAH [the Taurat (Torah)}, then they used to change itknowingly after they understood it? "And when they (Jews) meet those whobelieve (Muslims) what ALLAH has revealed to you [Jews, about descriptionand the qualities o f Prophet Muhammad(peace BeUpon Him) that which are writeen in

1 Al-Kati, AL-Usool, vol. 2, pp 217-9.

2 Al-Kati Al-frua, vol. 3 pp. 188-9.

3 Khomeini p. 144.




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Taurat(Torah), that they (Muslim) nay argue wtth you (Jants) hen nounderstanding?".r

ALLAH also says: Lo! you are he ones who ove hem but they ove younot, and you believe in all the Scriptures te. you believe n the Taarat(Torah)and the Injee(Gospel), while they disbelieve n your Book, the Qar'anJ. And

when they meet you, they say, "We believe". Btttwhen they are alone, hey bitethe tips of their Jingers at you in rage Say: Pefish in your tage. Certainly,ALI-/IH knows what is in the breast alt the secrets)."2 herefore, LLAH has

prepared or the hypocrites evere punishment. They shall be in the owestdepths of the ftre, no helpers wilt you Jind for them".3 So Muslimscholars

consider hat pretending he opposite f what you hide s lying, which s a formofhypocrisy, for the Prophet (peae e pmrrim)aid: The signs of ahypocrite are hree:whenever he speaks he tells a lie, when ever he promises he always breaks t andhe abuses he trust given to him...' a The basic ule therefore, s that pretending one

thing and hiding another s hypocrisy and s condemned y the Islamic teachings.The case mentioned in chapter 3 verse 28 of the Qur'an above s applicable n thecase of non-believers ONLY under special cases, .e., a Muslim cannot apply tagainst a Muslim.5 Chapter 16 verse 106 of the Holy Qur'an s applicable nly

when a Muslim faces a situation similarto the situation ofthe great CompanionAmmar when he had to choose between dying under torture like his parents

pretending o be unbeliever by tongue. These cases are not the basic rule but ratherexceptions, et alone he basis or nine-tenths f the Islamic religion. Brothers andsisters, give it a thought - what would happen f Muslims were to believe hat nine-tenths of the whole religion lies in TUQ'YAH? Which is means hat pretendingwhat is different from our true belief and eelings s nine times as mportant as allthe Islamic eachings? Could you ever rust a Muslim if this were the case? Can wereally take our guidance and religious knowledge rom scholars who believe hatdeception is nine-tenths of his religion? s it right to accept his non-religious views

as representing he truth? If a person considers ying about ALLAH, His Prophet(peac e dmHi-l and the Muslims as essential art of his beliefs n order o serve hisbiased goals, can we trust him? Therefore, if you really want success n thehereafter or in the etemal life, be cautious of the manyargumentsof Shee'ahscholars which are based dn distorted or forged quotations and references.

I Holy qur'an: chapter 2verses75-77

2 Holy Qur'an: chaper 3 verse 19.' Holy Qur'an: chapter 4 verse 145.o Al-Bukhari, vol, l p. 31, Muslim vol . 4,p. 1374.' Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj., vol l. p. 213 and vol. 3 p.259'260.

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Taurat(Torah), that they (Muslim) nay argue with you (Jews) then nounderstanding?".!

ALLAH also says: "Lol you are the ones who love them but they love younot, and you believe in all the Scriptures [i.e. you believe in the Taurat(Torah)and the Injeel(Gospel), while they disbelieve in your Book, the Qur'anJ. And

when they meet you, they say, "We believe". But when they are alone, they bitethe tips of their fingers at you in rage. Say: "Perish in your rage. Certainly,ALLAH knows what is in the breast (all the secrets).,,2 Therefore, ALLAH has

prepared for the hypocrites severe punishment. "They shall be in the lowestdepths of the fire, no helpers will you find for them".3 So Muslim scholars

consider that pretending the opposite of what you hide is lying, which is a form ofhypocrisy, for the Prophet (peace Be Upon Him) said: 'The signs of a hypocrite are three:whenever he speaks he tells a lie, when ever he promises he always breaks it andhe abuses the trust given to him ... ' 4 The basic rule therefore, is that pretending one

thing and hiding another is hypocrisy and is condemned by the Islamic teachings.The case mentioned in chapter 3 verse 28 of the Qur'an above is applicable in thecase of non-believers ONLY under special cases, i.e., a Muslim cannot apply itagainst a Muslim. 5 Chapter 16 verse 106 of the Holy Qur'an is applicable only

when a Muslim faces a situation similar to the situation of the great CompanionAmmar when he had to choose between dying under torture like his parents

pretending to be unbeliever by tongue. These cases are not the basic rule but ratherexceptions, let alone the basis for nine-tenths of the Islamic religion. Brothers andsisters, give it a thought - what would happen if Muslims were to believe that ninetenths of the whole religion lies in TUQ'YAH? Which is means that pretendingwhat is different from our true belief and feelings is nine times as important as allthe Islamic teachings? Could you ever trust a Muslim if this were the case? Can wereally take our guidance and religious knowledge from scholars who believe thatdeception is nine-tenths of his religion? Is it right to accept his non-religious views

as representing the truth? If a person considers lying about ALLAH, His Prophet(peace Be uPon Him) and the Muslims as essential part of his beliefs in order to serve hisbiased goals, can we trust him? Therefore, if you really want success in thehereafter or in the eternal life, be cautious of the many arguments of Shee'ahscholars which are based on distorted or forged quotations and references.

1 Holy Qur'an: chapter 2 verses 75-77


3 Holy Qur' an: chapter 4 verse 145.

4 Al-Bukhari, vol, 1. p. 31, Muslim vol. 4, p. 1374.

3 Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj., vol 1. p. 213 an d vol. 3 pp. 259-260.

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Our Dears et us remember hat chapter 3 verse 28 of the Holy Qur'an is notonly an exception, but rathrer a restricted exception. Not only is it forbidden to beused against Muslims but it also prohibits us to lie upon others. t means hat if youoppose certain behaviours and you are in a situation where admission wouldendanger slam or the Muslim community, you may choose o remain silent butyou must avoid ying.l

I Ibn Taymiyah, Minh4i., vol. p. 213 and Ibn Katheer, Tafseer.

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Our Dears let us remember that chapter 3 verse 28 of the Holy Qur'an is notonly an exception, but rathrer a restricted exception. Not only is it forbidden to beused against Muslims but it also prohibits us to lie upon others. It means that i f youoppose certain behaviours and you are in a situation where admission wouldendanger Islam or the Muslim community, you may choose to remain silent butyou must avoid lying. 1

1 Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj., vol. p. 213 an d Ibn Katheer, Tafseer.

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MnrnAn - TEMP'RARY MARRTAGEThe Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars claim that Mut'ah or temporary marriage s

NOT forbidden because t was practiced during the Prophet's ime. Only Omar

forbade t.rl)The purpose of Mut'ah is to fulfill a physical need only; there s no divorce and

the two parhrers do not inherit each other.2 The Muslim scholars say hat: The

Holy Qur'an had established the legal orms of relationship between male andfemale and confined it into two types: he marriage n which the main reason smultiplication and he other being mutual elationship nd possession. he HolyQur'an says: $And those who guard their chastity (Le.private parts, from

illegal sexual acts). Except from their wives or (the captives and the slaves)that their right hands posses, for then, they are ree from blames"3

2)These two legal forms Islamic maniage were also confirmed in the HolyQur'an:'Also (forbidden are) women already married, except hose (captivesand slaves) whom you right hands possess. Thus has ALLAH ordainedforyou. AII others are lowful, provided you seek (them in marriage) with Mahr(bridal-money given by the husband to his wife at the time of maniage) fromyour property, desiring chastity, not committing illegal sexual intercourse, so

with those of whom you have enjoyed sexual relations, give them their Mahris prescribed, you agree mutually (to give more), there is no sin on you.Surely, ALLAH is Ever All-Knowing, AII-Wise". "Andwhoever ofyou havenot the means wherewith to wed free, believing women, they may wedbelieving girk from among those (captives and slaves) whom your rightpossess, nd ALLAH has full ltnowledge about your Faith, yoa are on romanother. Wed them with permission of their own folk (guardins, Auliya ormasters) and give their Mahr according to what is reasonable; they (the abovesaid captive and slave-girls) should be chaste, not adulterous, nor tahing boyfriends. And after they have been taken in wedfolk,iftheycommitillegalsexual intercourse, their panishment is half thatforfree (unmarried) women.This is for him among you who is afraid of being harmed in his religion or inhis body; but it is better or you that you practise self-restra'nt, and ALLAH isOft-Forgiving, Most Merciful".a In which the laws of marriage were detailed.

The Muslims scholars onfirmed hat he meanins of "lstam'tum" s referring o

' Tabatabai, p. 227 10.2Moosavi, pp.79-96.'Hory qur'an: chapter 3: verses -7, chapter 0: verses 8-31oHory qur'an: chapter 4 verses 24,25.

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M U T ' AH - TEMPORARY MARRIAGE

The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars claim that Mut'ah or temporary marriage isNOT forbidden because it was practiced during the Prophet's time. Only Omar

forbade it. 1

l)The purpose of Mut'ah is to fulfill a physical need only; there is no divorce andthe two partners do not inherit each other. 2 The Muslim scholars say that: The

Holy Qur'an had established the legal forms of relationship between male andfemale and confined it into two types: the marriage in which the main reason ismultiplication and the other being mutual relationship and possession. The HolyQur'an says: "And those who guard their chastity (i.e. private parts,from

illegal sexual acts). Except from their wives or (the captives and the slaves)that their right hands posses, -for then, they are free from blames" 3

2) These two legal forms Islamic marriage were also confirmed in the HolyQur'an:"Also (forbidden are) women already married, except those (captivesand slaves) whom you right hands possess. Thus has ALLAH ordainedforyou. All others are lawful, providedyou seek (them in marriage) with Mahr(bridal-money given by the husband to his wife at the time o f marriage) fromyour property, desiring chastity, not committing illegal sexual intercourse, so

with those o f whom you have enjoyed sexual relations, give them their Mahris prescribed, you agree mutually (to give more), there is no sin on you.Surely, ALLAH is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise". "And whoever o fyou havenot the means wherewith to wed free, believing women, they may wedbelieving girls from among those (captives and slaves) whom your rightpossess, and ALLAH has full knowledge about your Faith, you are on fromanother. Wed them with permission o f their own folk (guardins, Auliya ormasters) and give their Mahr according to what is reasonable; they (the abovesaid captive and slave-girls) should be chaste, not adulterous, nor taking boyfriends. And after they have been taken in wedfolk, i f they commit illegalsexual intercourse, their punishment is halfthatfor free (unmarried)

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