Shi, Jianping Vice President Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing, China

Shi, Jianping

Vice PresidentCentral University of Finance and Economics

Beijing, China

November 2012

Higher Education in China,

Development and Outlook

言

Today, I am honored to have the opportunity to give the presentation on Higher Education in China, Development and Outlook, and the chance to communicate with peers present. Thank you for being here.My presentation includes three parts.

Current Status of Higher Education in China

Higher Education Outlook in China

Vision and Proposal for International Cooperation

Current Status of Higher Education in

China

1. Overall size

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, and especially since the implementation of the Reform and Opening-up Policy in 1978, China's higher Education has achieved historic breakthrough in quantity and structure. China has become one of the world’s powers in higher education, and has changed from a power in large population to a power in Human Resource. The size of various types of education at all levels in China has become top of the world. By the end of 2011, the overall size of all types of higher education in China has reached 31.67 million. The enrolment rate of higher education has reached 26.9%. In cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, the enrolment rate has exceeded 55%, which means these cities have reached the stage of popularization of higher education.

Currently, there are,

2,762 colleges, universities, and adult colleges, which includes 2,409 colleges and universities (including 309 independent colleges) and 353 adult colleges;1,129 undergraduate colleges and 1,280 vocational (specialist) institutions among those 2,762 colleges and universities;755 institutions with postgraduate schools, of which 481 are colleges and universities, and 274 are research institutions.The current number of faculty members in colleges and universities in China is 2.2 million, among which 1.39 million is full-time. The student-teacher ratio in colleges and universities is 17.42:1. The number of faculty members in adult colleges is 69,000.


China


China

In China, the administration system of higher education is centralized leadership structure.In Central government, there is National Science and Research Leaders Group, with the State Prime Minister serves as group leader, and is specific in charge by the Ministry of education;In local government, there is Provincial Science and Education Leaders Group, with the Provincial Governor serves as group leader, and is specific in charge by the Provincial Department of Education or Civic Education Board;In some big capital cities, there are municipal universities;The decision-making bodies in universities are University Board and Party Standing Committee, in which the university President is responsible for the implementation of administration and management ;The selection of university President is through combination ways of candidates recommendation and appointment.

2. Administration System


China

3. Levels and Categories

China has developed a complete national education system in structure and range.There are 2 categories in higher education: public (state) universities and private universities. Public (state) universities are divided into 2 sub-categories, subordinate universities to the Central government and local provincial universities;Currently, there are 111 subordinate universities to the Central government, among which 75 are under direct leadership of the Ministry of Education. Subordinate universities are strong in capabilities and have distinctive features in disciplines, most of which are national key universities as well as "985" project and "211" project members;There are 3 levels of higher education in China: common higher education, adult higher education, and continuing higher education.


China

4. Admission and Enrolment

By the end of 2011, the admission number of undergraduates and diplomas in common higher education institutions in China is 6.81 million. The current student number is 23.08 million , and the graduate number is 6.08 million.

The admission number of postgraduate students is 560,200, including 65,600 PhD candidates and 494,600 master students.

The current postgraduate student number is 1.64 million (including 271,300 PhD candidates and 1.37 million master students). The graduates number is 430,000 (including 50,300 PhDs and 379,700 masters).


China


China

Current Students Graduates

Undergraduate and

Diploma23.08 million 6.08 million

Master 1.37 million 379,700

PhD 271,300 50,300

Students in Common Higher Education Institutions Summary


China

The admission number of adult higher education is 2.18 million. The current student number is 5.47 million, and the graduate number is 1.9 million;The enrolment number of the National Higher Education Adult Examination is 9.22 million. The number of diplomas is 742,800. The enrolment number of non-diploma education is 8.62 million;The average size of current full-time undergraduate and diploma students in undergraduate colleges and vocational (specialist) institutions is 9,446;The average size of current full-time undergraduate in undergraduate colleges is 13,546;the average size of current full-time diploma students in vocational (specialist) institutions is 5,813.


China

Currently, there are 698 private universities in China, including 309 independent colleges;

The admission number was 1.53 million in 2011;

The current student number is 5.05 million. The current undergraduate student number is 3.11 million; current diploma student number is 1.93 million;

The current number of self-study examination students, preliminary students and trainees is 260,000 in all;

There are 830 private non-diploma higher education institutions. The current enrolments number of all types is 881,400.


China

Institution Private University

Independent College

Private Non-diploma Higher Education Institution

number 698 309 830

2011Admissions

Current Students Self-study examination

students, preliminary students and trainees

Enrolments in Private Non-

diploma Institutions5,050,700

1,537,300

Under-graduates Diplomas

260,000

881,400

3,118,200 1,932,500

Students in Private Universities Summary


China

5. Sources of Funding

The sources of funding for universities in China are, ◆ Government financial allocations; ◆ Tuitions; ◆ Self-financing (including operating earnings, training income,

assets gains, social donations, etc.).

Among those, government financial allocations and tuitions account for over 85% of the total funding.

In 2012, the fund invested into higher education in China is 4% of GDP, which is a new historic breakthrough.


China

6. Internationalization

The modernization and internationalization process of higher education in China started from late Qing dynasty. The teaching and learning system and schooling mode which are familiar to us nowadays were actually introduced from the West;After 1949, the development of higher education in China was mainly following the way of the Soviet Union;Since the implementation of the Reform and Opening-up Policy in 1978, the development of higher education in China has mainly been following the way of Europe and America;Currently, the internationalization level of higher education in China is developing highly.


China

The Chinese Government has joined various global education organizations, and established cooperation relationships in higher education with almost all countries in the world;The size of international student grows continuously. The number of international students reached 230,000 in 2012, and most of the enrollments (over 50%) are in cities like Beijing and Shanghai;Beijing and Shanghai have made internationalization as a standard in higher education development planning. Universities are expected to consider internationalization as a target while drawing up their development plans;The in-depth communication and cooperation with universities all over the world increases mostly.


China

The Central University of Finance and Economics has established cooperation relationships with 127 universities and institutions in 29 countries and regions all over the world. The forms of cooperation includes joint-degree program, setting up international education institutions, international academic conferences, visiting faculty and scholars, students exchange, professional accreditation, courses certification, credits mutual recognition, etc;

In recent years, CUFE has employed 76 long-term international teachers. Other 173 international teachers are responsible for teaching of 1-2 courses respectively, by means of cohort modules; There have been over 220 international scholars came to CUFE and held academic lectures, and over 403 international students from 37 countries and regions. We have trained over 400 government financial officials from 81 developing countries in the world;

We also introduce overseas talent, sending out faculty and students for academic visiting. Over 35% of CUFE's faculty has experience of studying abroad for more than 3 months. Our future goal of internationalization is that 10% of our students and 100% of our faculty will have the experience of studying or exchange abroad.


China

Type

Long-term

International

Faculty

Short-term Instructors

Offering Cohort

Modules

Academic Lectures by

international scholars

Oversea Government

Financial Officials Trainees

International Students

Number 76 173 220 400+ 403

CUFE’s Internationalization Summary


China

7. Significantly Increased Social Status

Higher education institutions have been fostering millions of talents in various industries for the country's modernization construction;On the other hand, the science and technology innovation and service abilities of higher education institutions have been further enhancing. Half of the national science and technology awards come from colleges and universities, and two-thirds achievements in social sciences are completed in colleges and universities.


China

Higher Education O

utlook in China

In recent years, the Chinese government has implemented "National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan Outline (2010-2020)" and "National Medium and Long-term Talent Development Plan Outline (2010-2020)“;In June 2012, the Chinese government drew up “the 12th 5-year Plan for National Education Development“;The higher education in China has entered into a stage with comprehensive education modernization as its core, which includes educational technology, legalizing, information, internationalization and democracy.

From the Perspective of Economic Analysis

Human capital investment has the highest rate of return among all forms of investment, often, it could change the destiny of a person, even a family, and this is the fundamental way to promote employment rate and increase national income;

Therefore, education is most related to people's well-being, and is a significant issue of people’s welfare. While higher education is essential to a country’s future competitive capabilities.

The Chinese government recognizes this point deeply.

Higher Education O

utlook in China

From the Perspective of Modernization Construction

Economic and social development has led to profound changes on education as well as talent demand;

It is essential to speed up the transformation of economic development mode, promote strategic adjustment of economic structure, establish modern industry system, and promote resource-conserving and environment-friendly society construction;

The urgent demand of human resource quality improvement and the adjustment of personnel training structure requires an increasing supply of applied, technical, inter-disciplinary talents.

Also, the Chinese government recognizes this point deeply.

Higher Education O

utlook in China

From the Perspective of National Development Environment

In a period of global development, adjustment and transformation with breakthrough of science and technology innovation, in order to meet the growing global talent, technology and education competition, it is most urgent to improve education quality from all aspects, speed up the fostering of top-notch innovative talents, improve the ability of higher education institutions’ independent innovation abilities, and promote the transformation from "made in China" to "created in China".

Still, the Chinese government recognizes this point deeply.

Higher Education O

utlook in China

From the Perspective of Education Development

China has entered a new historical stage which requires urgent speeding-up of educational and human resource power construction;In 2020, China will basically achieve education modernization, form a learning society, and become one of the human resource powers of the world;The development of education depends highly on reform, and requires major system reform innovation, change of any concept and mechanism that against the development, and the guiding of reform and transformation;The development of education also depends highly on talents. The quality improvement of modern education requires a high degree of faculty specialization construction, and the training of outstanding educators;

Similarly, the Chinese government recognizes this point deeply.

Higher Education O

utlook in China

Based on the facts mentioned above, the Chinese government has established the guiding principles on higher education:

Higher Education O

utlook in China

In 2011, the Chinese government launched the “2011 Plan”, established new developing mechanism, in order to promote the integration and coordination of politics, industries, academies, and research.

In 2012, the Chinese government increased educational investment.

I believe it in my heart that,The Chinese government will continuously take a series of feasible policies and measures to increase educational investment, promote reform and development, and improve quality;In 2015, China will reach 36% of higher education enrolment;In 2020, China will basically achieve education modernization.

Higher Education O

utlook in China

In the world today, globalization has penetrated into all aspects of the development in all countries. Higher education globalization, international exchanges and cooperation have become more and more in-depth;

China expects to cooperate with all friendly countries in higher education, and especially looks forward to establish a more close cooperation relationship with Latin American countries in education, economics, culture, science and technology, and other aspects;

In 2010, the Chinese government issued the “Study in China Plan". We hope that in 2020, the number of international students in China will expand to 500,000, and China will become the largest target country for international student in Asia.


Students Exchange

Cooperation Opportunities

Faculty Exchange

Degree Recognition

Academic Research Cooperation

Special Subject Academic Conferences

……

Dear Colleagues, mutual development of all countries in the world requires united cooperation in higher education and worldwide extensive communications. And this will greatly promote the development of higher education itself, and improve its contribution to human development.Here, I sincerely propose that, the educational institutions and universities present today will discuss cooperation opportunities in the following aspects: students exchange, faculty exchange, degree recognition, academic research cooperation, special subject academic conferences, and so on.


I’m looking forward to more fruitful achievements in the cooperation of

higher education between China and Latin American countries.

Let’s unite as one and make contributions to the harmony of human

development!

Thank you!-The End-

Gracias!

Shi, Jianping Vice President Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing, China

Documents

Transcript of Shi, Jianping Vice President Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing, China