Shenandoah National Park Full Species List of Wildflowers · Shenandoah National Park National Park...

Shenandoah National Park National Park Service

Full Species List of Wildflowers

Wildflowers, also known as herbs, are comprised of 805 species and represent more than half of the floral species diversity within the park. Almost 20% of these species are in the aster (Asteraceae) family, which contains many of the parks late-blooming plants such as goldenrods (Solidago spp.), asters (Symphyotrichum spp.), and wild sunflowers (Helianthus spp.). The next most abundantly represented plant families are the pea (Fabaceae), lily (Lilaceae), mint (Lamiaceae) and mustard (Brassicaceae) families. The rich diversity of wildflowers in the park is particularly evident in spring at lower elevations along streams such as South River, Hughes River, Rose River, and Mill Prong. Later in the season, the banks of Skyline Drive and the Big Meadows area are great places to see summer and fall wildflowers. Threats to the parks wildflowers include competition from invasive exotic plants, illegal plant collecting, and habitat changes brought about by climate change.

This checklist was compiled on March 10, 2015 using data exported from the National Park Service NPSpecies database. The database can be accessed at https://irma.nps.gov/NPSpecies/. Here you will find search tools that make it possible to create updated or customized lists. This checklist and others are found at https://irma.nps.gov/NPSpecies/Search/SpeciesList/SHEN. Lists are currently available for the following: mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, butterflies, plants (complete list), trees and shrubs, wildflowers, ferns, and grasses. Please be advised that Latin scientific names often change as a result of new research; therefore, scientific names used here may not reflect the most current accepted nomenclature.

U.S. Department of the Interior

Lobelia cardinalis

Lilium superbum

Allium cernuum
https://irma.nps.gov/NPSpecies/Search/SpeciesList/SHENhttps://irma.nps.gov/NPSpecies

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Species List by Park Tag for Shenandoah National Park (SHEN) This represents information currently in the NPSpecies data system at the date and time the list was generated. Records are continually being added or updated by National Park Service staff. There is a key with definitions at the bottom of the report. To report an error or make a suggestion, go to https://irma.nps.gov/npspecies/suggest.

Bookmark this report: https://irma.nps.gov/NPSpecies/Reports/Park/Species List with Park Tag Filter/SHEN? UnitCode=SHEN&CategoryCode=11&SortOrder=Sci&ShowSyonyms=False&ShowInReview=False&ParkTags=47

This report is filtered by the following Habitat Type(s), Life Form(s) or Season(s): Life Form: Herb and is filtered by the following Taxonomic Categories: Vascular Plants

Scientific Name

Vascular Plants

Common Names Occ Abd Nat NPS Tags

Park Tags GRank SRank

Abutilon theophrasti

Acalypha gracilens

Acalypha rhomboidea

Acalypha virginica

Achillea millefolium

Aconitum reclinatum

Aconitum uncinatum

Actaea pachypoda

Actaea racemosa

Adlumia fungosa

Aegopodium podagraria

Agalinis purpurea

Agalinis tenuifolia

Agastache nepetoides

Agastache scrophulariifolia

Ageratina altissima

Agrimonia gryposepala

Agrimonia microcarpa

Agrimonia parviflora

Agrimonia pubescens

Agrimonia rostellata

Agrostemma githago

Ajuga reptans

Alcea rosea

Aletris farinosa

velvetleaf

slender three-seeded mercury

rhombic three-seeded mercury

Virginia three-seeded mercury

yarrow

white monkshood

blue monkshood

white baneberry

black cohosh

climbing fumitory

goutweed

purple false foxglove

false foxglove

yellow giant-hyssop

purple giant-hyssop

white snakeroot

tall agrimony

low agrimony

harvestlice

soft agrimony

woodland agrimony

corn cockle

common bugle

hollyhock

colicroot

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Species List with Park Tag Filter Page 1 of 27 6/23/2015 2:43:07 PM
https://irma.nps.gov/NPSpecies/Reports/Park/Specieshttps://irma.nps.gov/npspecies/suggest



Scientific Name Common Names Occ Abd Nat NPS Park Tags GRank SRank Tags

Alisma subcordatum American water-plantain P Uc N He; WL G4G5 VA: S4S5

Alliaria petiolata garlic mustard P A Nn He; ME, MF, RO, WL, GNR VA: SNA XF

Allium cernuum nodding onion P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Allium tricoccum ramp P R N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Allium vineale field garlic P C Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Althaea officinalis common marsh-mallow P Uc N He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Alyssum alyssoides yellow allysum P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Amaranthus albus tumbleweed P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: S5

Amaranthus cruentus red amaranth P Uc Nn He; CU GNR

Amaranthus hybridus common pigweed P Uc Nn He; ME G5?

Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed P C N He; ME, MF, RO, WL G5 VA: S5

Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed P C N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Amianthium muscitoxicum fly poison P C N He; ME, MF, XF G4G5 VA: S5

Anagallis arvensis common pimpernel P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Anaphalis margaritacea pearly everlasting P R N MP He; ME, RO G5 VA: S1

Anemone americana round-lobed hepatica P C N He; MF, WL

Anemone lancifolia mountain anemone P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Anemone quinquefolia wood anemone P C N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: SNR

Anemone virginiana thimbleweed P C N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Angelica triquinata mountain angelica P C N He; MF, RO, WL, XF G4 VA: S4

Angelica venenosa hairy angelica P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Antennaria neglecta field pussytoes P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5?

Antennaria parlinii Parlin's pussytoes P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S4

Antennaria plantaginifolia plantain-leaved pussytoes P C N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Antennaria virginica shale-barren pussytoes P Uc N He; ME, WL G4 VA: S4

Anthemis arvensis field chamomile P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Anticlea elegans var. white camas P R N He; ME, RO glaucus

Aplectrum hyemale large twayblade P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Apocynum spreading dogbane P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5 androsaemifolium

Apocynum cannabinum indian hemp P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: SNR

Aquilegia canadensis wild columbine P C N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Aquilegia vulgaris European columbine P R Nn He; CU GNR


VA: SNA
https://irma.nps.gov/npspecies/suggest




Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. lyreleaf rockcress P C N He; RO, XF lyrata

Arabidopsis thaliana mouse-ear cress P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Aralia hispida bristly sarsaparilla P R N MP He; RO, XF G5 VA: S2

Aralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparilla P A N He; MF, RO, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Aralia racemosa spikenard P C N He; MF, RO G4G5 VA: S4S5

Arctium minus common burdock P C Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Arenaria serpyllifolia thymeleaf sandwort P Uc Nn He; RO GNR VA: SNA

Arisaema triphyllum jack-in-the-pulpit P A N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Aristolochia serpentaria Virginia snakeroot P Uc N He; MF G4 VA: S5

Arnoglossum atriplicifolium pale indian plaintain P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL G4G5 VA: S4S5

Artemisia annua sweet wormwood P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Artemisia vulgaris common wormwood P Uc Nn He; ME GU VA: SNA

Aruncus dioicus goat's-beard P C N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S4

Asarum canadense wild ginger P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Asclepias amplexicaulis clasping milkweed P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Asclepias exaltata poke milkweed P A N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Asclepias purpurascens purple milkweed P R N MP He; ME G5? VA: S2

Asclepias quadrifolia four-leaved milkweed P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Asclepias syriaca common milkweed P A N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Asclepias tuberosa butterfly weed P Uc N He; ME G5? VA: S5

Asclepias variegata white milkweed P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Asclepias verticillata whorled milkweed P Uc N He; RO, XF G5 VA: S4

Asclepias viridiflora green flowered milkweed P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Asparagus officinalis garden asparagus P Uc Nn He; CU G5? VA: SNA

Astragalus canadensis milk vetch P Uc N He; XF G5 VA: S4

Aureolaria flava northern false foxglove P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Aureolaria levigata entire-leaved false P Uc N He; MF, XF foxglove

Aureolaria pedicularia fern-leaved false foxglove P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S4

Aureolaria virginica downy false foxglove P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Baptisia tinctoria yellow wild indigo P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Barbarea verna spring cress P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Barbarea vulgaris winter cress P C Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Bartonia virginica yellow screwstem P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5





Bidens aristosa tickseed-sunflower P Uc Nn He; ME G5 VA: SU

Bidens bipinnata Spanish needles P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Bidens cernua nodding beggar-ticks P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Bidens frondosa devil's beggar-ticks P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Bidens tripartita three-lobe beggar-ticks P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Bidens vulgata common beggar-ticks P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Blephilia ciliata downy wood mint P Uc N He; XF G5 VA: S4

Boechera canadensis sicklepod P Uc N He; ME

Boechera laevigata smooth rockcress P C N He; ME, MF, RO, XF

Boehmeria cylindrica false nettle P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Brassica nigra black mustard P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Brickellia eupatorioides var. false boneset P Uc N He; RO, XF G5T5 VA: S5 eupatorioides

Brunnera macrophylla bugloss P Uc Nn He; CU

Buglossoides arvensis corn gromwell P Uc Nn He; ME

Bupleurum rotundifolium hare's ear P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Callitriche heterophylla water starwort P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Caltha palustris marsh marigold P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Calystegia spithamaea low bindweed P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G4G5 VA: SNR

Camelina microcarpa little-seed false flax P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Campanula americana tall bellflower P Uc N He; MF

Campanula aparinoides marsh bellflower P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S4

Campanula divaricata southern bellflower P Uc N He; MF, RO, WL, XF G4 VA: S4

Campanula persicifolia peach-bells P Uc Nn He; CU GNR

Campanula rapunculoides creeping bellflower P Uc Nn He; CU GNR

Cannabis sativa marijuana P R Nn (C) He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Capsella bursa-pastoris shepherd's purse P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Cardamine bulbosa bulbous bittercress P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Cardamine concatenata cut-leaf toothwort P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Cardamine hirsuta hairy bittercress P C Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Cardamine parviflora sand bittercress P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G5 VA: S4

Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania bittercress P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Carduus acanthoides plumeless thistle P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Carduus nutans nodding thistle P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Caulophyllum thalictroides blue cohosh P C N He; MF, WL G4G5 VA: S4S5

Centaurea benedicta blessed thistle P Uc Nn He; ME

GNR VA: SNA

VA: SNA





Centaurea cyanus bachelor's-button P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Centaurea nigrescens knapweed P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Centaurea solstitialis yellow star thistle P R Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Centaurea stoebe ssp. spotted knapweed P C Nn He; ME micranthos

Cerastium arvense field mouse-ear chickweed P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S2

Cerastium fontanum ssp. common mouse-ear P C Nn He; ME, WL GNRTN VA: SNA vulgare chickweed R

Cerastium nutans nodding mouse-ear P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5 chickweed

Cerastium semidecandrum small mouse-ear P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA chickweed

Chaenorhinum minus dwarf snapdragon P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Chaerophyllum procumbens spreading chervil P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Chaerophyllum tainturieri southern chervil P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Chaiturus marrubiastrum lion's tail P Uc Nn He; MF

Chamaecrista fasciculata showy partridge pea P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Chamaecrista nictitans partridge pea P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Chamaelirium luteum fairy wand P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Chamerion angustifolium fireweed P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: SNR

Chelidonium majus celandine P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Chelone glabra turtlehead P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Chenopodium album lamb's quarters P Uc Nn He; ME G5 VA: S5

Chenopodium simplex mapleleaf goosefoot P Uc N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S3

Chenopodium standleyanum Standley's goosefoot P Uc N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S3S4

Chimaphila maculata spotted wintergreen P C N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Chimaphila umbellata pipsissewa P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Chondrilla juncea skeletonweed P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Chrysogonum virginianum green-and-gold P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Chrysopsis mariana golden-aster P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Chrysosplenium golden saxifrage P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S4 americanum

Cichorium intybus chicory P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Cicuta maculata water hemlock P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Circaea alpina alpine enchanter's P Uc N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S4 nightshade

Circaea lutetiana enchanter's nightshade P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5





Cirsium arvense Canada thistle P R Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Cirsium discolor field thistle P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Cirsium muticum swamp thistle P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S4

Cirsium pumilum pasture thistle P Uc N He; ME G4G5 VA: S4S5

Cirsium vulgare common thistle P R Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Claytonia caroliniana Carolina spring beauty P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S4

Claytonia virginica spring beauty P C N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Clinopodium vulgare wild basil P C U He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Clintonia borealis yellow clintonia P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S4

Clintonia umbellulata white clintonia P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Clitoria mariana butterfly pea P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Collinsonia canadensis horsebalm P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Comandra umbellata bastard toadflax P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Commelina communis Asiatic dayflower P C Nn He; MF G5 VA: SNA

Commelina erecta slender dayflower P Uc N He; RO, XF G5 VA: S5?

Commelina virginica Virginia dayflower P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Conioselinum chinense hemlock parsley P R N MP He; RO, WL G5 VA: S1

Conium maculatum poison hemlock P R Nn He; ME, WL G5 VA: SNA

Conoclinium coelestinum mist-flower P Uc N He; ME, MF

Conopholis americana squawroot P C N He; MF, XF

Convallaria majalis lily-of-the-valley P Uc Nn (C) He; CU G5 VA: SNA

Conyza canadensis horseweed P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Corallorhiza maculata var. eastern spotted coralroot P Uc N He; MF G5T3T5 VA: S4 maculata

Corallorhiza maculata var. western spotted coralroot P R N MP He; MF G5T3T5 VA: S1 occidentalis

Corallorhiza odontorhiza small coralroot P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Corallorhiza wisteriana spring coralroot P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S3

Coreopsis lanceolata lance-leaved tickseed P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Coreopsis major wood tickseed P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Coreopsis tripteris tall tickseed P Uc N He; ME, RO, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Coreopsis verticillata whorled tickseed P C N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Cornus canadensis bunchberry P R N MP He; MF G5 VA: S1

Corydalis flavula yellow corydalis P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Corydalis sempervirens pink corydalis P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S4

Cosmos bipinnatus garden cosmos P Uc Nn He; CU GNR VA: SNA


G5 VA: S5




Crepis capillaris smooth hawk's-beard P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Crepis pulchra small-flower hawk's-beard P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Crotalaria sagittalis rattlebox P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Croton capitatus hogwort P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: SNA

Cryptotaenia canadensis honewort P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Cunila origanoides dittany P C N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Cuphea viscosissima blue waxweed P Uc N He; ME, RO G5? VA: S5

Cynoglossum officinale hound's tongue P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Cynoglossum virginianum wild comfrey P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Cypripedium acaule pink lady's-slipper P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Cypripedium parviflorum lesser yellow lady's-slipper P Uc N EC He; MF G5T3T5 VA: SNR var. parviflorum

Cypripedium parviflorum large yellow lady's-slipper P Uc N He; MF G5T5 VA: S4 var. pubescens

Dactylorhiza viridis long-bracteate green P R N He; MF, WL orchid

Dasiphora fruticosa shrubby cinquefoil P Uc Nn He; CU G5

Datura stramonium jimson-weed P Uc Nn He; ME GU VA: SNA

Daucus carota Queen Anne's lace P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Delphinium exaltatum tall larkspur P Uc N He; ME, XF G3 VA: S3

Delphinium tricorne dwarf larkspur P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S4

Descurainia sophia herb sophia P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Desmodium canescens hoary tick-trefoil P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S4

Desmodium ciliare hairy small-leaf tick-trefoil P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Desmodium glabellum Dillenius' tick-trefoil P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5?

Desmodium glutinosum pointed-leaf tick-trefoil P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S4S5

Desmodium laevigatum smooth tick-trefoil P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Desmodium marilandicum smooth small-leaf tick- P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5 trefoil

Desmodium nudiflorum naked-flowered tick-trefoil P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Desmodium nuttallii Nuttall's tick-trefoil P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S4

Desmodium paniculatum panicled-leaf tick-trefoil P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Desmodium perplexum perplexing tick-trefoil P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5?

Desmodium rotundifolium round-leaf tick-trefoil P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Desmodium viridiflorum velvet-leaf tick-trefoil P Uc N He; ME, XF G5? VA: S4

Dianthus armeria Deptford pink P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA





Dianthus barbatus sweet William P Uc Nn He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Dianthus plumarius garden pink P Uc Nn He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Dicentra canadensis squirrel-corn P C N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Dicentra cucullaria dutchman's breeches P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Dicentra eximia wild bleeding-heart P Uc N He; RO G4 VA: S4

Digitalis purpurea purple foxglove P Uc Nn He; CU GNR

Diodella teres rough buttonweed P Uc N He; ME, RO

Dioscorea villosa wild yam P C N He; MF, WL, XF

Dipsacus laciniatus cut-leaved teasel P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Doellingeria infirma cornel-leaved aster P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Doellingeria umbellata tall flat-topped white aster P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Draba ramosissima rocktwist P Uc N He; MF, RO G4 VA: S4

Draba verna whitlow-grass P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Drosera rotundifolia round-leaved sundew P R N He; WL G5 VA: S4

Duchesnea indica Indian strawberry P Uc Nn He; ME G5 VA: SNA

Echinacea purpurea purple coneflower P R N He; CU G4 VA: SNA

Echium vulgare bluethistle P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Elephantopus carolinianus Carolina elephant's-foot P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Ellisia nyctelea water pod P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S4

Epifagus virginiana beechdrops P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Epilobium ciliatum fringed willowherb P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S2

Epilobium coloratum purple-leaved willowherb P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Epilobium leptophyllum linear-leaved willowherb P R N MP He; ME, WL G5 VA: S2

Epipactis helleborine helleborine P Uc Nn He; MF GNR VA: SNA

Erechtites hieraciifolius fireweed P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF

Erigeron annuus annual fleabane P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO G5 VA: S5

Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia fleabane P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Erigeron pulchellus Robin's plantain P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Erigeron strigosus daisy fleabane P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, WL, G5 VA: S5 XF

Eriogonum allenii shale barren wild P Uc N He; RO G4 VA: S4 buckwheat

Erodium cicutarium heron's-bill P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Erysimum cheiranthoides wormseed mustard P Uc Nn He; ME, MF G5 VA: SNA

Erysimum repandum treacle mustard P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Erythronium americanum yellow trout lily P C N He; MF G5 VA: S5


G4G5 VA: S4S5




Erythronium umbilicatum dimpled trout lily P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Eupatorium perfoliatum boneset P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Eupatorium pilosum rough boneset P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Eupatorium rotundifolium roundleaf boneset P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Eupatorium sessilifolium upland boneset P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Euphorbia commutata wood spurge P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S4

Euphorbia corollata flowering spurge P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Euphorbia cyparissias cypress spurge P Uc Nn He; CU G5 VA: SNA

Euphorbia dentata toothed spurge P Uc Nn He; ME G5 VA: SNA

Euphorbia lathyris caper spurge P Uc Nn He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Euphorbia maculata spotted spurge P Uc N He; ME, RO

Euphorbia marginata snow-on-the-mountain P Uc Nn He; CU G5 VA: SNA

Euphorbia nutans nodding spurge P Uc N He; ME

Euphorbia peplus petty spurge P Uc Nn He; CU

Euphorbia purpurea glade spurge P R N MP He; ME, MF, WL G3 VA: S2

Euphorbia spathulata prairie spurge P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: SU

Eurybia divaricata white wood aster P A N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Eurybia macrophylla big-leaf aster P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Eurybia radula low rough aster P R N MP He; ME, WL G5 VA: S1

Eurybia schreberi Schreber's aster P Uc N He; MF, WL G4 VA: S4

Euthamia graminifolia grass-leaved goldenrod P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Eutrochium fistulosum hollow Joe-pye-weed P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL

Eutrochium purpureum sweet-scented Joe-pye- P Uc N He; MF, WL, XF weed

Fallopia cilinodis mountain bindweed P Uc N He; ME, RO

Fallopia japonica var. Japanese bindweed P Uc Nn (C) He; ME japonica

Fallopia scandens climbing false buckwheat P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, WL

Filago vulgaris common cottonrose P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Fragaria virginiana common strawberry P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Galactia regularis trailing milkpea P Uc N He; RO G5 VA: S3S4

Galax urceolata beetleweed P Uc N He; XF G5 VA: S5

Galearis spectabilis showy orchid P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Galinsoga parviflora smooth galinsoga P Uc Nn He; ME G4G5 VA: SNA

Galinsoga quadriradiata common quickweed P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Galium aparine cleavers P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5


GNR VA: SNA




Galium asprellum rough bedstraw P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S4

Galium boreale northern bedstraw P R N He; RO G5 VA: S3

Galium circaezans wild liquorice P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Galium concinnum shining bedstraw P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S4

Galium lanceolatum lanceleaf wild liquorice P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S4

Galium latifolium purple bedstraw P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Galium mollugo smooth bedstraw P C Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Galium obtusum bluntleaf bedstraw P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Galium parisiense Parisian bedstraw P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Galium pilosum hairy bedstraw P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Galium tinctorium stiff marsh bedstraw P C N He; WL G5 VA: SNR

Galium triflorum three-flowered bedstraw P C N He; ME, MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Galium verum yellow bedstraw P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Gamochaeta purpurea purple cudweed P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Gaultheria procumbens wintergreen P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Gentiana clausa closed gentian P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S4

Gentiana saponaria soapwort gentian P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Gentiana villosa striped gentian P Uc N He; XF G4 VA: S4

Gentianella quinquefolia stiff gentian P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Geranium carolinianum wild geranium P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Geranium columbinum long-stalked cranesbill P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Geranium maculatum wild geranium P C N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Geranium molle dove's foot P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Geranium pusillum slender cranesbill P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Geranium robertianum herb robert P R N MP He; MF, WL G5 VA: S3

Geranium sibiricum Siberian geranium P Uc Nn He; ME GNR

Geum aleppicum yellow avens P R N MP He; MF G5 VA: SH

Geum canadense white avens P C N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Geum vernum spring avens P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S4

Geum virginianum Virginia avens P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Gillenia trifoliata Indian physic P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF

Glechoma hederacea ground ivy P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Gnaphalium uliginosum low cudweed P R N MP He; ME G5 VA: S1

Goodyera pubescens downy rattlesnake P C N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5 plantain

Gratiola neglecta clammy hedge-hyssop P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5





Gymnadeniopsis clavellata green woodland orchid P Uc N He; WL

Hackelia virginiana beggar-lice P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Hedeoma pulegioides American pennyroyal P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Helenium autumnale yellow sneezeweed P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Helenium flexuosum southern sneezeweed P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Helianthemum canadense long-branch frostweed P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Helianthus atrorubens purple-disk sunflower P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Helianthus decapetalus thin-leaved sunflower P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Helianthus divaricatus woodland sunflower P C N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Helianthus giganteus swamp sunflower P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Helianthus laevigatus smooth sunflower P Uc N He; ME, XF G4 VA: S4

Helianthus maximiliani Maximilian's sunflower P Uc Nn He; ME G5 VA: SNA

Helianthus microcephalus small-headed sunflower P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S4S5

Helianthus strumosus pale-leaved sunflower P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem artichoke P Uc U He; ME G5 VA: S5

Heliopsis helianthoides oxeye P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: SNA

Hemerocallis fulva common daylily P Uc Nn He; CU GNA VA: SNA

Heracleum sphondylium ssp. cow parsnip P Uc N He; ME, MF montanum

Hesperis matronalis dame's rocket P Uc Nn He; ME, MF G4G5 VA: SNA

Heuchera americana alumroot P C N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Heuchera pubescens downy alumroot P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G4? VA: S4

Heuchera villosa maple-leaved alumroot P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: SNR

Hexastylis virginica Virginia heartleaf P Uc N He; MF, XF G4 VA: S4

Hibiscus laevis halberd-leaved rose- P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S4 mallow

Hibiscus moscheutos rose-mallow P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Hibiscus trionum flower-of-an-hour P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Hieracium caespitosum yellow hawkweed P Uc Nn He; ME, MF, XF GNR VA: SNA

Hieracium gronovii beaked hawkweed P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Hieracium paniculatum panicled hawkweed P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Hieracium pilosella mouse-ear hawkweed P Uc Nn He; ME, MF, XF GNR VA: SNA

Hieracium scabrum rough hawkweed P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Hieracium venosum rattlesnake weed P C N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Hosta lancifolia narrow-leaf plantain-lily P Uc Nn He; CU GNR

Houstonia caerulea bluets P C N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5





Houstonia longifolia longleaf bluets P C N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G4G5 VA: S4S5

Houstonia purpurea large summer bluets P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Hybanthus concolor green violet P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Hydrocotyle americana American water- P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S4 pennywort

Hydrocotyle ranunculoides swamp water-pennywort P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia waterleaf P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Hylotelephium telephioides Allegheny stonecrop P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G4 VA: S4

Hypericum gentianoides orangegrass P Uc N He; ME, RO G5 VA: S5

Hypericum mutilum small-flowered St. John's- P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5 wort

Hypericum perforatum common St. John's-wort P Uc Nn He; ME, WL GNR VA: SNA

Hypericum punctatum spotted St. John's-wort P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Hypopitys monotropa pinesap P Uc N He; MF, XF

Hypoxis hirsuta yellow star-grass P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF

Impatiens capensis spotted touch-me-not P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Impatiens pallida pale touch-me-not P C N He; MF, RO, WL G5 VA: S5

Inula helenium elecampane P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Ionactis linariifolia stiff-leaved aster P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF

Iris cristata crested dwarf iris P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Iris domestica blackberry lily P Uc Nn He; CU

Iris germanica German iris P Uc Nn He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Iris pallida yellow iris P Uc Nn He; CU GNR

Iris verna vernal iris P Uc N He; XF G5 VA: S5

Iris versicolor blue flag iris P R N MP He; WL G5 VA: S3

Isatis tinctoria dyer's woad P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Isotria medeoloides small whorled pogonia P R N MP He; MF G2? VA: S2

Isotria verticillata large whorled pogonia P Uc N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Jeffersonia diphylla twinleaf P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Krigia virginica dwarf dandelion P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Kummerowia stipulacea Korean clover P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Kummerowia striata Japanese clover P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Lactuca biennis tall blue lettuce P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Lactuca canadensis wild lettuce P C N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Lactuca floridana florida lettuce P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S3S4

Lactuca hirsuta wild lettuce P Uc N He; ME, XF G5? VA: S3S4


G5 VA: S5




Lactuca saligna willow lettuce P Uc Nn He; XF GNR VA: SNA

Lactuca serriola prickly lettuce P Uc Nn He; XF GNR VA: SNA

Lamium amplexicaule henbit P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Lamium purpureum purple dead-nettle P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Laportea canadensis wood nettle P A N He; MF, RO, WL G5 VA: S5

Lapsana communis nipplewort P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Lathyrus venosus veiny peavine P Uc N He; XF G5 VA: S4

Lechea racemulosa pinweed P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Leonurus cardiaca motherwort P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Lepidium campestre field cress P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Lepidium virginicum wild peppergrass P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Lespedeza capitata round-headed bush-clover P Uc N He; ME, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Lespedeza cuneata Chinese lespedeza P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Lespedeza hirta hairy bush-clover P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Lespedeza procumbens trailing bush-clover P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Lespedeza repens creeping bush-clover P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Lespedeza violacea wand bush-clover P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S4

Lespedeza virginica slender bush-clover P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G5 VA: S4

Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy P Uc Nn He; ME, WL GNR VA: SNA

Leucojum aestivum snowflake P Uc Nn (C) He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Liatris helleri Heller's blazing star P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G2Q

Liatris pilosa grass-leaved blazing star P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G5? VA: SNR

Liatris scariosa large blazing star P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G5? VA: S4?

Liatris spicata gay feather P Uc N He; ME, RO, WL G5 VA: S4

Ligusticum canadense lovage P Uc N He; MF, WL G4 VA: S4

Lilium canadense Canada lily P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S4

Lilium michauxii Carolina lily P Uc N He; ME, XF G4G5 VA: S4

Lilium philadelphicum wood lily P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S3

Lilium superbum Turk's cap lily P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Linaria vulgaris toadflax P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Lindernia dubia long-stalked false P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5 pimpernel

Linum striatum ridged yellow flax P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Linum sulcatum grooved yellow flax P R N He; RO, XF G5 VA: S3

Linum usitatissimum common flax P R Nn He; CU, ME GNR VA: SNA

Linum virginianum Virginia yellow flax P Uc N He; ME, XF G4G5 VA: S4S5





Liparis liliifolia large twayblade P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Lithospermum canescens hairy puccoon P Uc N He; RO G5 VA: S4

Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Lobelia inflata Indian tobacco P C N He; ME, MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Lobelia puberula var. downy lobelia P Uc N He; MF, XF G5T5? VA: S5? simulans

Lobelia siphilitica great blue lobelia P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Lobelia spicata spiked lobelia P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Lotus corniculatus bird's-foot trefoil P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Ludwigia alternifolia seedbox P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Ludwigia palustris marsh purslane P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Lunaria annua honesty P Uc Nn He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Lupinus perennis wild lupine P R N He; XF G5 VA: S4S5

Lycopus uniflorus northern bugleweed P C N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S4

Lycopus virginicus Virginia bugleweed P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Lysimachia ciliata fringed loosestrife P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Lysimachia nummularia moneywort P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Lysimachia quadrifolia whorled loosestrife P C N He; ME, MF, RO, WL, G5 VA: S5 XF

Maianthemum canadense Canada mayflower P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Maianthemum racemosum false Solomon's seal P C N He; ME, MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Malaxis unifolia green adder's-mouth P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S4

Malva moschata musk mallow P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Malva neglecta common mallow P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Marrubium vulgare common horehound P Uc Nn He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Matelea obliqua angel-pod P Uc N MP He; ME, MF, XF G4? VA: S4

Matricaria discoidea pineapple weed P Uc Nn He; ME G5 VA: SNR

Medeola virginiana Indian cucumber-root P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: SNR

Medicago lupulina black medic P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Melampyrum lineare cow wheat P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Melilotus albus white sweet-clover P Uc Nn He; ME

Melilotus officinalis yellow sweet-clover P Uc Nn He; ME

Melissa officinalis lemon balm P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Mentha aquatica water mint P Uc Nn He; WL GNR VA: SNA

Mentha spicata spearmint P Uc Nn He; ME, WL GNR VA: SNA

Menyanthes trifoliata buckbean P R N MP He; WL G5 VA: S1


GNR VA: SNA




Mertensia virginica Virginia bluebells P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Micranthes micranthidifolia lettuce saxifrage P Uc N He; WL

Micranthes pensylvanica swamp saxifrage P Uc N He; WL

Micranthes petiolaris Michaux's saxifrage P Uc N He; RO

Micranthes virginiensis early saxifrage P C N He; MF, RO, WL, XF

Microthlaspi perfoliatum claspleaf pennycress P Uc Nn He; ME

Mimulus alatus sharp-winged monkey- P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: SNR flower

Mimulus moschatus muskflower P R N MP He; WL G5 VA: S1

Mimulus ringens winged monkey-flower P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: SNR

Minuartia glabra Appalachian stitchwort P R N He; RO G4 VA: SNR

Minuartia groenlandica mountain sandwort P R N MP He; RO G5 VA: S1

Minuartia michauxii rock sandwort P Uc N He; RO G5 VA: SNR

Mitchella repens partridgeberry P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: SNR

Mitella diphylla miterwort P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: SNR

Mollugo verticillata carpetweed P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNR

Monarda clinopodia basil balm P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: SNR

Monarda didyma scarlet beebalm P Uc U He; MF, WL G5 VA: SNR

Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot P C N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: SNR

Monarda punctata spotted beebalm P Uc N He; XF G5 VA: SNR

Monotropa uniflora corpse plant P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: SNR

Monotropsis odorata sweet pinesap P Uc N He; MF, XF G3 VA: S3

Muscari botryoides common grape hyacinth P Uc Nn He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Myosotis laxa smaller forget-me-not P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: SNR

Myosotis macrosperma largeseed forget-me-not P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: SNR

Myosotis scorpioides true forget-me-not P Uc Nn He; CU G5 VA: SNA

Narcissus poeticus poets' narcissus P Uc Nn He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Narcissus pseudonarcissus daffodil P Uc Nn (C) He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Nasturtium officinale watercress P Uc Nn He; WL

Neottia smallii kidneyleaf twayblade P R N He; MF, XF

Nepeta cataria catnip P Uc Nn He; ME, MF

Nicandra physalodes apple-of-Peru P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Obolaria virginica pennywort P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Oclemena acuminata mountain aster P C N He; MF, RO, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Oenothera argillicola shale evening-primrose P Uc N He; RO G3G4 VA: S3S4

Oenothera biennis common evening-primrose P C N He; ME G5 VA: S5

GNR VA: SNA





Oenothera fruticosa narrow-leaved sundrops P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, WL, G5 VA: S5 XF

Oenothera gaura biennial gaura P Uc N He; ME

Oenothera parviflora northern evening- P Uc N He; ME G4? VA: S3S4 primrose

Oenothera pilosella meadow evening-primrose P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: SNR

Ornithogalum umbellatum star of Bethlehem P Uc Nn He; ME G3G5 VA: SNA

Orobanche uniflora one-flowered broomrape P Uc N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Osmorhiza claytonii sweet cicely P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Osmorhiza longistylis aniseroot P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Oxalis dillenii southern yellow wood- P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, WL, G5 VA: S5 sorrel XF

Oxalis montana white wood-sorrel P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S4

Oxalis stricta common yellow wood- P C N He; ME, MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5 sorrel

Oxalis violacea violet wood-sorrel P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Oxypolis rigidior water dropwort P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Packera anonyma Small's ragwort P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Packera aurea golden ragwort P A N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Packera obovata roundleaf ragwort P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Packera paupercula balsam ragwort P R N He; RO, XF G5 VA: S3?

Paeonia lactiflora peony P Uc Nn (C) He; CU GNR

Panax quinquefolius ginseng P Uc N EC, MP He; MF G3G4 VA: S3S4

Panax trifolius dwarf ginseng P R N He; MF G5 VA: S3S4

Papaver dubium field poppy P Uc Nn He; CU GNR VA: SNA

Parietaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania pellitory P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Parnassia asarifolia kidney-leaved grass of P Uc N He; WL G4 VA: S4 parnassus

Paronychia argyrocoma silver whitlow-wort P Uc N He; RO G4 VA: S4

Paronychia canadensis smooth forked nailwort P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Paronychia fastigiata hairy forked nailwort P Uc N He; RO, XF G5 VA: SNR

Paronychia montana mountain nailwort P Uc N He; RO, XF G4 VA: S4

Parthenium integrifolium American feverfew P Uc N He; RO, XF G5 VA: SNR

Pastinaca sativa parsnip P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Pedicularis canadensis lousewort P C N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Penstemon canescens gray beardtongue P C N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G4 VA: S4

Penstemon digitalis foxglove beardtongue P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5





Penstemon laevigatus smooth beardtongue P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Penstemon pallidus pale beardtongue P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G5

Perilla frutescens beefsteak plant P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Persicaria arifolia halberd-leaf tearthumb P Uc N He; WL

Persicaria hydropiper marsh-pepper smartweed P Uc N He; ME

Persicaria longiseta long-bristled smartweed P A Nn He; ME, MF, WL

Persicaria maculosa lady's-thumb P Uc Nn He; ME

Persicaria orientalis prince's feather P Uc Nn He; CU

Persicaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania smartweed P Uc N He; ME, WL

Persicaria punctata dotted smartweed P Uc N He; WL

Persicaria sagittata arrow-leaf tearthumb P C N He; ME, WL

Persicaria virginiana jumpseed P C N He; MF, WL

Petrorhagia saxifraga saxifrage pink P R Nn He; CU

Phacelia bipinnatifida scorpion weed P Uc N He; MF, RO G5 VA: S4

Phacelia dubia small-flowered phacelia P Uc N He; MF, RO G5 VA: S5

Phacelia purshii Miami mist P R N He; MF G5 VA: S3

Phemeranthus teretifolius roundleaf fameflower P Uc N He; RO

Phlox buckleyi swordleaf phlox P R N MP He; ME, MF G2 VA: S2

Phlox latifolia mountain phlox P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G4 VA: S4

Phlox paniculata fall phlox P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Phlox subulata moss phlox P Uc N He; RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Phryma leptostachya lopseed P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Physalis heterophylla common ground cherry P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Physalis longifolia smooth ground cherry P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Physalis pubescens husk cherry P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S4

Physalis virginiana Virginia ground cherry P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Phytolacca americana pokeweed P C N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Pilea pumila clearweed P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Pimpinella saxifraga burnet saxifrage P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Plantago aristata bracted plantain P Uc Nn He; ME G5

Plantago lanceolata English plantain P Uc Nn He; ME G5 VA: SNA

Plantago major great plantain P Uc Nn He; ME G5

Plantago rugelii pale plantain P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Plantago virginica dwarf plantain P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Platanthera ciliaris yellow fringed orchid P Uc N He; WL, XF G5 VA: S3S4


GNR




Platanthera flava var. pale green orchid P Uc N He; WL G4?T4Q VA: S3? herbiola

Platanthera grandiflora large purple fringed orchid P R N EC, MP He; MF, WL G5 VA: S1

Platanthera lacera green fringed orchid P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S3S4

Platanthera orbiculata large round-leaved orchid P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S4

Podophyllum peltatum mayapple P C N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Polygala cruciata cross-leaved milkwort P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S3?

Polygala curtissii Curtiss' milkwort P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Polygala paucifolia gaywings P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Polygala verticillata whorled milkwort P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S4

Polygonatum biflorum Solomon's seal P C N He; ME, MF, RO, WL, G5 VA: S5 XF

Polygonatum pubescens downy Solomon's seal P Uc N He; MF, RO G5 VA: S5

Polygonum aviculare prostrate knotweed P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Polygonum erectum erect knotweed P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S3S4

Polygonum tenue slender knotweed P Uc N He; RO G5 VA: S4

Polymnia canadensis small-flowered leafcup P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Portulaca oleracea purslane P Uc Nn He; ME GU VA: SNA

Potentilla argentea silvery cinquefoil P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Potentilla canadensis Canada cinquefoil P C N He; ME, MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Potentilla norvegica rough cinquefoil P Uc N He; ME, WL G5

Potentilla recta upright cinquefoil P Uc Nn He; ME GNR

Potentilla simplex common cinquefoil P C N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Prenanthes alba white rattlesnake-root P C N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Prenanthes altissima tall rattlesnake-root P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5? VA: S5

Prenanthes serpentaria lion's foot P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Prenanthes trifoliolata gall-of-the-earth P Uc N He; MF, WL, XF GNR VA: SNR

Primula meadia shooting-star P R N He; RO

Prosartes lanuginosa yellow mandarin P R N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Prunella vulgaris self-heal P C Nn He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Pseudognaphalium rabbit tobacco P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO G5 VA: S5 obtusifolium

Pycnanthemum basil mountain-mint P R N He; ME G1G2 VA: S1 clinopodioides

Pycnanthemum incanum hoary mountain-mint P C N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Pycnanthemum southern mountain-mint P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S4 pycnanthemoides


VA: SNA




Pycnanthemum tenuifolium narrow-leaved mountain- P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5 mint

Pycnanthemum torrei Torrey's mountain-mint P R N MP He; ME G2 VA: S2?

Pyrola americana wintergreen P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Pyrola chlorantha green-flowered P R N MP He; XF G5 VA: SH wintergreen

Pyrola elliptica shinleaf P R N MP He; MF G5 VA: S2

Ranunculus abortivus kidney-leaf buttercup P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Ranunculus acris tall buttercup P Uc Nn He; ME G5 VA: SNA

Ranunculus allegheniensis Allegheny crowfoot P Uc N He; MF, XF G4G5 VA: S4S5

Ranunculus bulbosus bulbous buttercup P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Ranunculus fascicularis early buttercup P C N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S4?

Ranunculus hispidus hispid buttercup P C N He; ME, MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Ranunculus recurvatus hooked crowfoot P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Ratibida pinnata gray-headed coneflower P Uc N He; CU G5 VA: SNA

Rudbeckia hirta black-eyed susan P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Rudbeckia laciniata green-headed coneflower P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Ruellia caroliniensis Carolina wild petunia P R N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Rumex acetosella field sorrel P C Nn He; ME, MF, WL GNR VA: SNA

Rumex crispus curly dock P Uc Nn He; ME, WL GNR VA: SNA

Rumex obtusifolius broadleaf dock P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Salvia lyrata lyre-leaved sage P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot P C N EC, MP He; MF G5 VA: S5

Sanguisorba canadensis Canada burnet P R N MP He; ME, WL G5 VA: S2

Sanicula canadensis black snakeroot P C N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Sanicula marilandica Maryland black snakeroot P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Sanicula odorata clustered snakeroot P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Sanicula trifoliata trifoliate snakeroot P R N He; MF G4 VA: S4

Saponaria officinalis soapwort P C Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Saururus cernuus lizard's tail P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Scleranthus annuus knawel P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Scrophularia lanceolata hare figwort P C N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Scrophularia marilandica Maryland figwort P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Scutellaria elliptica hairy skullcap P Uc N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Scutellaria integrifolia hyssop skullcap P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5





Scutellaria lateriflora blue skullcap P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Scutellaria ovata heart-leaved skullcap P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Scutellaria parvula small skullcap P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G4 VA: SNR

Scutellaria saxatilis rock skullcap P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G3 VA: S3

Scutellaria serrata showy skullcap P Uc N He; MF G4G5 VA: S4S5

Securigera varia crown vetch P C Nn He; ME

Sedum glaucophyllum cliff stonecrop P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G4 VA: S4

Sedum sarmentosum stringy stonecrop P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Sedum ternatum wild stonecrop P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Senna hebecarpa American senna P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Senna marilandica wild senna P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Sericocarpus asteroides toothed white-topped P Uc N He; XF G5 VA: S5 aster

Sibbaldiopsis tridentata three-toothed cinquefoil P R N MP He; RO G5 VA: S2

Sida spinosa prickly mallow P Uc Nn He; ME G5? VA: SNA

Silene antirrhina sleepy catchfly P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Silene armeria sweet William catchfly P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Silene caroliniana wild pink P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Silene dichotoma forked catchfly P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Silene flos-cuculi ragged robin P Uc Nn He; CU

Silene latifolia white campion P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Silene stellata starry campion P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Silene virginica fire pink P R N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Silene vulgaris bladder campion P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Silphium trifoliatum rosin-weed P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G4? VA: S4

Sisymbrium officinale hedge mustard P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Sisyrinchium angustifolium narrow-leaved blue-eyed- P C N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5 grass

Sisyrinchium atlanticum eastern blue-eyed-grass P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S4

Sisyrinchium mucronatum needle-tip blue-eyed-grass P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Smallanthus uvedalia hairy leafcup P Uc N He; MF

Solanum americanum American black nightshade P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF

Solanum carolinense horse-nettle P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Solanum nigrum common nightshade P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF GNR

Solanum ptychanthum black nightshade P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Solidago arguta cut-leaved goldenrod P C N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5


G5




Solidago arguta var. harrisii shale barren goldenrod P Uc N He; RO G5T4 VA: S4

Solidago bicolor silverrod P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Solidago caesia blue-stemmed goldenrod P C N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: SNR

Solidago canadensis Canada goldenrod P C N He; ME G5 VA: SNR

Solidago curtisii Curtis' goldenrod P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G4G5 VA: S4S5

Solidago erecta slender goldenrod P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Solidago flexicaulis broad-leaved goldenrod P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Solidago gigantea late goldenrod P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Solidago hispida hairy goldenrod P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G5 VA: S3

Solidago juncea early goldenrod P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Solidago nemoralis gray goldenrod P C N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Solidago odora sweet goldenrod P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: SNR

Solidago puberula downy goldenrod P C N He; ME, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Solidago rigida ssp. rigida stiff goldenrod P R N MP He; RO

Solidago roanensis mountain goldenrod P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G4G5 VA: S4S5

Solidago rugosa wrinkle-leaved goldenrod P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Solidago simplex var. randii Rand's goldenrod P R N MP He; RO G5T4 VA: S2S3

Solidago squarrosa squarrose goldenrod P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G4? VA: S3S4

Solidago ulmifolia elm-leaved goldenrod P C N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Sonchus arvensis field sow thistle P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Sonchus asper spiny-leaved sow thistle P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Sonchus oleraceus common sow thistle P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Spiranthes cernua nodding lady's tresses P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Spiranthes lacera var. southern slender ladies' P Uc N He; ME, RO G5T4T5 VA: S5 gracilis tresses

Spiranthes ochroleuca yellow nodding lady's P R N MP He; ME G4 VA: S2 tresses

Stellaria graminea lesser stitchwort P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Stellaria media common chickweed P C Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Stellaria pubera star chickweed P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Stenanthium gramineum feather bells P Uc N He; XF G4G5 VA: S4?

Streptopus amplexifolius twisted stalk P R N MP He; RO, WL G5 VA: S1

Streptopus lanceolatus var. rosy twisted stalk P Uc N He; MF, WL G5T4 VA: SNR roseus

Stylosanthes biflora pencilflower P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Symphyotrichum cordifolium common blue wood aster P C N He; ME, MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5





Symphyotrichum dumosum bushy aster P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Symphyotrichum laeve var. smooth blue aster P Uc N He; RO, XF G5T4 VA: S3S4 concinnum Symphyotrichum white panicled aster P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5 lanceolatum

Symphyotrichum calico aster P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5 lateriflorum

Symphyotrichum aromatic aster P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G5 VA: S4 oblongifolium

Symphyotrichum patens late purple aster P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Symphyotrichum thin-leaf late purple aster P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S4S5 phlogifolium

Symphyotrichum pilosum frost aster P C N He; ME, RO G5T5 VA: S5 var. pilosum

Symphyotrichum crooked-stem aster P Uc N He; WL G4G5 VA: S4S5 prenanthoides

Symphyotrichum puniceum purple-stem aster P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Symphyotrichum smooth white oldfield P Uc N He; ME, XF G4G5 VA: S4S5 racemosum aster

Symphyotrichum undulatum wavy-leaved aster P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S4S5

Symplocarpus foetidus skunk cabbage P R N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Taenidia integerrima yellow pimpernel P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5 Taenidia montana mountain pimpernel P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G3 VA: S3

Tanacetum vulgare common tansy P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Taraxacum erythrospermum red-seeded dandelion P Uc Nn He; ME

Taraxacum officinale common dandelion P C Nn He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: SNA

Tephrosia virginiana goat's rue P Uc N He; ME, XF G5 VA: S5

Teucrium canadense wood sage P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Thalictrum coriaceum leatherleaf meadow-rue P C N He; ME, MF, WL G4 VA: S4

Thalictrum dioicum early meadow-rue P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Thalictrum pubescens tall meadow-rue P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Thalictrum revolutum skunk meadow-rue P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S4S5

Thalictrum thalictroides rue anemone P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Thaspium barbinode hairy-jointed meadow P C N He; MF, XF G5 VA: S5 parsnip

Thaspium trifoliatum woodland meadow P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5 parsnip

Thermopsis villosa Blue-Ridge buckbean P R Nn He; CU G3? VA: SNA





Thlaspi arvense field pennycress P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Tiarella cordifolia foamflower P Uc N He; MF, RO G5 VA: S5?

Tipularia discolor cranefly orchid P Uc N He; MF, XF G4G5 VA: S4S5

Torilis arvensis field hedge parsley P Uc Nn He; ME GNR

Torilis japonica erect hedge parsley P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Tradescantia virginiana spiderwort P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Tragopogon dubius meadow goat's-beard P Uc Nn He; ME, RO GNR VA: SNA

Tragopogon porrifolius salsify P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Tragopogon pratensis yellow goat's-beard P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Trautvetteria caroliniensis tasselrue P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Triadenum virginicum marsh St. John's-wort P Uc N He; WL G5 VA: S5

Trichostema brachiatum false pennyroyal P Uc N He; RO G5 VA: SNR

Trichostema dichotomum blue curls P Uc N He; RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Trientalis borealis northern starflower P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S4

Trifolium arvense rabbit-foot clover P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Trifolium aureum large hop clover P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Trifolium campestre low hop clover P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Trifolium pratense red clover P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Trifolium repens white clover P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Trifolium virginicum Kates Mountain clover P R N He; RO G3 VA: S3

Trillium erectum wake-robin P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Trillium grandiflorum large-flowered trillium P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Trillium undulatum painted trillium P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Triodanis perfoliata venus' looking-glass P Uc N He; RO, XF G5 VA: SNR

Triosteum angustifolium narrow-leaved horse- P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S4 gentian

Triosteum aurantiacum wild coffee P Uc N He; XF G5 VA: S3

Triosteum perfoliatum feverwort P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Tussilago farfara coltsfoot P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Urtica dioica stinging nettle P Uc Nn He; WL G5 VA: S5

Uvularia grandiflora large-flowered bellwort P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S4S5

Uvularia perfoliata perfoliate bellwort P C N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Uvularia puberula mountain bellwort P C N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Uvularia sessilifolia sessile bellwort P Uc N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5

Valerianella locusta blue corn salad P Uc Nn He; ME G5 VA: SNA

Veratrum latifolium slender bunchflower P Uc N He; ME, MF





Veratrum parviflorum Appalachian bunchflower P Uc N He; MF

Veratrum virginicum bog bunchflower P Uc N He; ME, WL

Veratrum viride white hellebore P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Verbascum blattaria moth mullein P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Verbascum phlomoides clasping-leaved mullein P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Verbascum thapsus woolly mullein P C Nn He; ME, MF, RO, XF GNR VA: SNA

Verbena simplex narrow-leaved vervain P Uc N He; ME, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Verbena urticifolia white vervain P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Verbesina alternifolia wingstem P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Verbesina occidentalis yellow crownbeard P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Vernonia glauca broad-leaf ironweed P Uc N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Vernonia noveboracensis New York ironweed P Uc N He; ME, WL G5 VA: S5

Veronica americana American brooklime P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S4

Veronica anagallis-aquatica blue water speedwell P Uc U He; WL G5 VA: S5

Veronica arvensis corn speedwell P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Veronica hederifolia ivy-leaved speedwell P Uc Nn He; ME, MF GNR VA: SNA

Veronica officinalis common speedwell P Uc Nn He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Veronica peregrina purslane speedwell P Uc N He; ME G5 VA: S5

Veronica serpyllifolia thyme-leaved speedwell P Uc Nn He; ME G5 VA: SNA

Veronicastrum virginicum culver's-root P Uc N He; ME G4 VA: S4

Vicia caroliniana Carolina vetch P Uc N He; MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Vicia cracca cow vetch P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Vicia sativa ssp. nigra narrow-leaf vetch P Uc Nn He; ME GNRTN VA: SNA R

Vicia villosa hairy vetch P Uc Nn He; ME G5 VA: SNA

Viola affinis swamp violet P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S4?

Viola bicolor field pansy P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Viola blanda sweet white violet P Uc N He; MF G4G5 VA: S4

Viola canadensis Canada violet P C N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Viola cucullata marsh blue violet P Uc N He; ME, MF, WL G4G5 VA: S4S5

Viola hastata halberd-leaf yellow violet P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5

Viola hirsutula southern wood violet P Uc N He; MF, XF G4 VA: S4

Viola lanceolata bog white violet P R N He; WL G5 VA: S4

Viola macloskeyi small white violet P R N He; WL G5 VA: S4

Viola palmata wood violet P C N He; MF, WL, XF

Viola pedata bird's-foot violet P Uc N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5




Scientific Name Common Names Occ Abd Nat NPS Tags

Park Tags GRank SRank

Viola pubescens downy yellow violet P Uc N He; MF, WL G5 VA: S5

Viola rotundifolia round-leaved yellow violet P R N He; MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Viola sagittata arrow-leaved violet P C N He; ME, MF, RO, XF G5 VA: S5

Viola sororia northern blue violet P C N He; ME, MF, WL, XF G5 VA: S5

Viola striata striped cream violet P R N He; MF G5 VA: S5

Xanthium spinosum spiny cocklebur P Uc Nn He; ME GNR VA: SNA

Xerophyllum asphodeloides turkey beard P Uc N He; ME, XF G4 VA: S4

Yucca filamentosa Spanish bayonet P Uc Nn He; ME G5 VA: S5

Zizia aptera heart-leaf golden- P C N He; ME, MF, XF G5 VA: S5 alexanders

Zizia aurea golden-alexanders P C N He; ME, MF, WL G5 VA: S4

Zizia trifoliata mountain golden- P Uc N He; ME, MF G5 VA: S5 alexanders

Report Species Count: 807

NPSpecies - The National Park Service biodiversity database. IRMA Portal version. https://irma.nps.gov/npspecies/. Accessed 6/23/2015 2:43:07 PM

Key Code Term Definition

Occurrence (Occ) P Present Species occurs in park; current, reliable evidence available.

PP Probably Present High confidence species occurs in park but current, verified evidence needed.

Un Unconfirmed Species is attributed to park but evidence is weak or absent.

NP Not In Park Species is not known to occur in park.

Abundance (Abd) A Abundant Animals: May be seen daily, in suitable habitat and season, and counted in relatively large numbers. Plants, Chromista, Protozoa, and Fungi: Large number of individuals; wide ecological amplitude or occurring in habitats covering a large portion of the park

C Common Animals: May be seen daily, in suitable habitat and season, but not in large numbers. Plants, Chromista, Protozoa, and Fungi: Large numbers of individuals predictably occurring in commonly encountered habitats but not those covering a large portion of the park

Uc Uncommon Animals: Likely to be seen monthly in appropriate habitat and season. May be locally common. Plants, Chromista, Protozoa, and Fungi: Few to moderate numbers of individuals; occurring either sporadically in commonly encountered habitats or in uncommon habitats

R Rare Animals: Present, but usually seen only a few times each year. Plants, Chromista, Protozoa, and Fungi: Few individuals, usually restricted to small areas of rare habitat

https://irma.nps.gov/npspecieshttps://irma.nps.gov/npspecies/suggest



Abundance (Abd) O Occasional Animals: Occurs in the park at least once every few years, varying in numbers, but not necessarily every year. Plants, Chromista, Protozoa, and Fungi: Abundance variable from year to year (e.g., desert plants)

U Unknown Abundance unknown

Nativeness (Nat) N Native Species naturally occurring in park or region.

Nn Non-native Species occurring on park lands as a result of deliberate or accidental human activities.

U Unknown Nativeness status is unknown or ambiguous.

Nativeness Tags R Restoration Also refers to reintroductions. Native species that has been extirpated or substantially diminished from the park as a result of human-induced change, and that has been or is in the process of being restored.

C Cultivated Species has been introduced or is maintained as part of the park's mission, significance, or cultural landscape (e.g., orchards, crops, fields)

I Invasive Non-native species whose introduction is likely to cause economic or environmental harm.

N Noxious Designation by a governmental authority. Species grows aggressively and has broad environmental tolerance that allows it to establish in many locations.

NPS Tag (Management) EC Exploitation Concern

Species is considered a target for collection, poaching, commercial harvesting, or other non-permitted or exploitative activities.

MP Management Priority

Species warrants particular management attention as determined by park management staff.

NPS Tag (Seasonality) B Breeder Population reproduces in the park.

R Resident A significant population is maintained in the park but does not breed within park boundaries.

M Migratory Species occurs in the park only while in transition between breeding and wintering grounds.

S Summer Typically spending only summer months in the park.

W Winter Typically spending only winter months in the park.

V Vagrant Park is outside of species' usual range.

ParkTags Code Term Definition Vegetation Life Form Form

Tr Tree Tree

Sh Shrub Shrub

Vi Vine Vine

He Herb Herb

Gr Graminoid Graminoid (grass)

Fe Fern Fern

Ly Lycopod Lycopod




Habitat Hab

AQ Aquatic Within rivers, streams and ponds

CU Cultural Planted by humans, either by pre-park residents or park employees/contractors

FE Forest Edge Forest borders and field margins

ME Meadow Meadows, fields, lawns, forest clearings, and ruderal habitats

MF Mesic forest Mesic and dry-mesic forests; represents a majority of parks forested area

RO Rock outcrop Exposed and shaded outcrops, boulder fields, talus slopes, and rocky barrens

SS Shrub/Scrub Second growth forest and habitats dominated by shrubs

WL Wetland Riparian areas, seeps, springs, fens, swamps, and wetland hummocks

XF Xeric forest Dry forests, including heath woodlands and shrublands

PW Park wide Park wide

Seasons when the species is most easily encountered.

Seas

Sp Spring Spring (Mar, Apr, May)

Su Summer Summer (Jun, Jul, Aug)

Fa Fall Fall (Sept, Oct)

Wi Winter Winter (Nov, Dec, Jan, Feb)

All All Year All Year Round

GRank and SRank information is provided by NatureServe (www.natureserve.org) and its network of natural heritage member programs, a leading source of information about rare and endangered species, and threatened ecosystems.


508 (2017-07-31)
http:www.natureserve.orghttps://irma.nps.gov/npspecies/suggestShenandoah National Park Full Species List of WildflowersVascular PlantsKey

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