Sheila Pen_Motivational Make-Up of Enterprising Women

7/30/2019 Sheila Pen_Motivational Make-Up of Enterprising Women

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Conceptual Links to self-Theories of Intelligence

Sheila PenUniversity of Bath


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Women into Enterprise ( WiE, ESF programmein Swindon, UK)

Women in business, business networkingevents

In-depth interviews

Informal chats and conversations at

networking events Email correspondence

One-to-one coaching

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Rewards/

Incentives/Fear / Security

External

Conditions/

Context

Psychological

/Emotional

Factors

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Taylor(1911),

Drucker(1954).Maslow(1959)

Herzberg(1959),McGregor(1960)

McClelland(1985),Mayo(1927-32),Maslow(1954)


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Self-

actualisation

Social Needs

Security and Safety Needs

Physiological Needs

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Adapted Diagram:

Abraham Maslows

(1954) Hierarchy of

Needs

Existence

Self- Esteem Needs

Relatedness

Growth

Clayton Alderfers

(1972) ERG Theory:Self-determinationTheory of Motivation(Deci & Ryan, 1985):Highlights the

importance ofintrinsic motivationin affectingbehaviour.

Focus is ongrowth/development

Activeencouragement fromthe environment:

EncouragementFeedbackAutonomyRelatedness


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AchievementMotivation

Affiliation

Motivation

Competence

Motivation

Power

Motivation

Attitude

Motivation

Ken Shah & Prof. Param J. Shah


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Entity Theorist (FixedMindset of Intelligence)

Incremental Theorist (GrowthMindset of Intelligence)

Views traits of intelligence as fixedentity, and easily judged frombehaviour and performance.

Views mistakes as a threat to exposureto real intelligence.

Students would enjoy opportunities tolook smart in areas they are alreadycomfortable with, they require a dietof easy success to maintain theirperception of intelligence. Challenges

are therefore a threat to self-esteem.

Tendency to lead validation seekingindividuals (for competence,likeability, and self-worth) leads tohaving contingent self-worth.

Intelligence is malleable and canbe cultivated throughlearning/development.

views mistakes as part of thegrowth process.

Even students with low confidencein their intelligence will enjoytaking on challenges and difficulttasks.

What makes them feel smart is

engaging, exerting effort to mastersomething, stretching their skillsand applying knowledge.

Tendency to lead to Growthseeking individuals.

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Entity Theorists Incremental Theorists

Something innate. One cango to school to be educated(academically), but onedoesnt have to go toschool to be smart!

In born ability to learn andevaluate complex ideas. Idont believe it can belearned from books.

The ability to survive with

the least effort while stillreaping enormous gain.

Someone who knows how towork hard and sets out toaccomplish a certain task.

The capacity to understandsomething and think about it,not just mimicking the facts.

Intelligence should be aboutthe effort that goes intoopening onself to the worldand new things.

How much effort one puts intosomething and your

willingness to learn and do allyou can to understand it.

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_ Effort + _ AbilityEquation


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Ability to learn/develop Ability to overcome

challenges

Degree of risk aversion/experimentation

Self-perception, self

esteem link vs.confidence

Motivation

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On holding back (Riskperception)

On making decisions(Assertions andchoices)

On having focus andsustaining motivation

(sustaining self-beliefand ability having aconstructive one!)

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Their awareness of their intelligence andcompetence as ongoing work-in-development independent of theoutcome of situations.

Does not question self-worth or selfability, when self-doubt arises insteadquestions the doubt to resolve it.

Is outward focussed and inward drawing

I know of this opportunity and wonderhow I might be able to get closer to it.

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Entity Theory ofintelligence

Incremental Theory ofintelligence

Self-esteem can be aninternal quantitydiscernable from behaviourand performance, easily fedby achieving successes.

Praise is directed to statesof intelligence

Self-esteem with regard tointelligence is derived from

experiencing yourself fullyengaged in doingsomething that stretchesyour abilities in an area youvalue.

Praise regarding effort andapplication appliedfocussing on the experiencereinforces this theory.

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Much of our praisesand messages inspeech for people tendto relate to theirqualities as fixed.


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There is a regenerating quality to having anincremental outlook on intelligence that ismore suited for an entrepreneurial pursuit.

This can vastly overcome any dips in time orsituation-based specific influences on anindividuals level of self-esteem or confidence

that is usually attributed to influencingmotivation.

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Can do? Attitude ofenterprise

Handling high stress,uncertainty, socialstretch, personalattachments andchallenges

Overcoming themotivational barriersof enterprise


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The need to re-envisage our understandingand conceptualisation of motivation and theintrinsic elements that feeds it.

If we are to focus on intrinsic motivation weneed a greater understanding to our selftheories which under ride our abilities toperform and achieve and therefore,influences our motivation.

To question the impacts of our messages,incentives and support orientation

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Under this new link to motivation, achievement is

motivated by the desire to experience competenceand avoid experiencing incompetence according toa persons theory of their own intelligence.

Some of our earlier conditioning and environmentalset-up in terms of (support structures) work maybe working to reinforce an entity outlook of ourintelligence and competence.

More sustainable than having confidence is havingan incremental outlook which will motivate aperson to pursue growth.

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Sheila Pen_Motivational Make-Up of Enterprising Women

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