Sharon R. Williams Department of Anthropology Center on ...Microsoft PowerPoint -...
Transcript of Sharon R. Williams Department of Anthropology Center on ...Microsoft PowerPoint -...
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Sharon R. WilliamsDepartment of AnthropologyCenter on Aging and the Life Course Purdue University
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Biomarkers?� Originally used to denote a biological substance used
in some way to examine health
� Expanded to include anything that measures health
� Including anthropometrics, blood pressure, grip strength, etc.
� What’s being marked or measured?
� Risk factor, outcome, process, variation
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“Biomarkers” Articles
Web of Science
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Answering Questions� Not very interesting on their own
� Combined with other data can be used to understand mechanism of aging
� As a marker or measure
� Risk factor, process, outcome or link
� Need to understand which biomeasures should/can be used to answer specific questions
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What can be analyzed?� Clinically relevant and experimental
measures/markers
� Sources of physiological measures/markers
� Blood capillary or venous
� Saliva
� Urine
� others
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Capillary Blood Collection� Minimally invasive
� Minimal processing
� Better portability
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Method: Point of Care
www.hemocue.com
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Capillary Tube Collection
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Dried Blood Spots
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What can be done?� In theory…
� Anything that can be analyzed from venous blood
� Short half-life
� Interference
� “sticky” proteins
� Continuing physiological reaction (i.e. continued glycosylation)
� Similar methods
� Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
� Radioactive immunoassay (RIA)
� Bead-based technology (i.e. luminex)
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McDade TW, Williams SR, Snodgrass JJ. 2007. What a drop can do: Dried blood spots as a minimally-invasive method for integrating biomarkers into population-based research. Demography 44: 899-925.
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HOWEVER…
� Just because it has been done, doesn’t mean it is feasible or even possible
� Depends on availability of:
� Protocols
� Materials
� Equipment
� Reproducibility and validity
� Cost is always an issue
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What has been done?
McDade TW, Williams SR, Snodgrass JJ. 2007. What a drop can do: Dried blood spots as a minimally-invasive method for integrating biomarkers into population-based research. Demography 44: 899-925.
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The National Social Life Health and Aging
Project (NSHAP)
� Understand the relationship between social support, personal relationships and health in older adults
� Interview 3,005 community-residing adults� Population-based sample with minority over-
sampling� 120-minute in-home interview
� Questionnaire� Biomeasure collection
� 2,044 individuals (84.5% cooperation rates)
� Leave-behind questionnaire� Longitudinal design
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SAGE: Current Biomarker Status� Ongoing training
� Understanding the collection process is important in the analysis process
� Quality of collection determines what can be done
� Developing procedures to ensure comparability and qaulity
� Validation and revalidation of results
� Development of new assays
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Developing New Assays:
Challenges and Constraints � Alteration of currently available kits is preferable for
SAGE purposes
� Time and money are always an issue
� Problems with serum/plasma assays are exacerbated with dried blood spots
� Evaluating priorities
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HbA1c� Measurement of glucose regulation
� Continues to glycosylate on filter paper when in contact with glucose
� Pretreatment necessary
� Attempt to maximize recovery from blood spots
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R2 = .9877
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Previous validations: EBV and CRP
McDade et al. 2000. Psychosomatic Medicine. 62:560 – 567. McDade et al. 2004. Clinical Chemistry. 50:652-654
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Aknowledgments� J. Josh Snodgrass, Department of Anthropology,
University of Oregon
� Planning, training and assay development
� Lori J. Fitton, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Illinois State University
� Development of HbA1c assay
� Lorna Madurai, Global Clinical and Viral Laboratories, Durban, South Africa.