Sharklet, Bacteria, and Hospitals
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MT5016 – BUSINESS MODELS FOR HI-TECH PRODUCTS;
GROUP: THE APPRENTICE;
MEMBERS: Lo YiYang, Lim Kheng Wee, Lin Rongbin, Chin Mei Yin & Lim Khai Wei.
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OVERVIEWIntroduction: Sharklet Technologies and SharkletTM
Business Model
Sharkskin Textured Film
Customer Selection
Value proposition
Sharkskin Patterned Medical Devices
Customer Selection
Value proposition
Value capture
Scope of Activities
Strategic Control
Future of Sharklet Technologies
Conclusion
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Sharklet Technologies, Inc. – Company
It is a biotechnology company that develops and markets surface technologies that
manage microorganisms for benefits in health and environment
Altria Ventures, the venture capital investment arm of Altria Group, Inc., invested $2
million in Sharklet Technologies in exchange for a 12.5% stake.
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Microscopic view of the surface texture of Sharkskin(left) and the mimic surface of Sharklet (right)
Sharklet Technologies, Inc. – Sharklet™
Sharklet™ is a biomimetic technology inspired by the Galapagos Shark.
The microscopic Sharklet diamonds mimic the shape and pattern of the dermal denticles of
sharkskin which are resistant to fouling organisms including algae (by 85%) and barnacles.
The ribs’ width-to-height ratios would discourage microorganisms from settling.
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Sharklet Bacterial Inhibition
Medical Field
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Effectiveness of Sharklet
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Sharklet™
Sharkskin textured film
Sharkskin Patterned Medical
Devices
Smartphone Cases
Products of Sharklet
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Sharklet™
Sharkskin textured film
Sharkskin Patterned Medical
Devices
Smartphone Cases
Products of Sharklet
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Health Care Industry
e.g. on high-touch surfaces in hospitals
Sharkskin Textured Film : Customer Selection
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Bed Rails
Chair
Intravenous poles
Call Buttons
Light Switches Door handles
Hold rails
Doors around hospital
Other Common Infection Area: Bathrooms
In Hospital: High-Touch Areas
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Cost of HAIs
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Ref: http://www.healio.com/~/media/Journals/ORTHO/2013/6_June/10_3928_01477447_20130523_27/table1.jpg
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1 MSI = 1,000 SQ inches (in²)
1,000 in²= $3.50 + $2.37 = $5.87
1 in² = $0.00587
Sample provided Size : 81 in²Cost : (81 in² x $5.87 )/1000 = $0.48
How much should I sell Sharklet film?
Sharklet Textured Film: The Cost
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Cost: Disinfection vs Sharklet Textured FilmDESCRIPTION METRIC
1. Cost Adhesive Sharklet-Film/ in²(Film: $0.00587/in² and Adhesive: $0.08667/in²)
$0.00587
2. 500-Bed Hospital Area (m²/in²) 46,450 m²/21,599,293 in²
Assuming, 80% of Hospital Area considered High-Touch Areas
17,279,435in²
Cost per Annum, Sharkskin Textured Film(Quarterly Replacement Film per year, on average 90 days usage)
$405,721(~$0.4M)
Potential Savings ($4M - $0.4M): $3.6M
Ref: https://www.facilitycare.com/environmental-services/housekeeping/revealing-true-costs-disinfection-and-environmental-cleaning
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SHARKLET SURFACE TECHNOLOGY NO HEAT
NO RADIATION NO CHEMICAL
NO ANTISEPTICS NO DISINFECTANTS LOW COST SOLUTION
Sharkskin Textured Film vs Existing Methods of Disinfection
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Ability to inhibit
bacteria growth
Green technology – does not
release anything from its surface
Reduced chemical waste (vs existing
disinfection method)
Low cost
Easy to use (adhesive-
backed films)
Sharkskin Textured Film: Summary of its Value Proposition
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High touch areas within the research and commercial
laboratory where strict microbial control is critical
Laboratory equipment manufacturer
Sharkskin Textured Film: Laboratory Application
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Marine Vessel Manufacturers &
Marine Vessel Coating Service:
E.g. ship hull
Building developer:
E.g. Internal walls of laboratories or external walls
of homes
Sharkskin Textured Film: Other Potential Applications
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Sharkskin Patterned Medical Equipment: Customer Selection
To Whom it Benefits?
OEMs of MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
HOSPITAL PATIENTSat risk of bacterial
infections E.g. UTI, BP Cuff
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Sharkskin Patterned Medical Equipment: Statistics of HAIs
Ref: http://www.bactiguard.se/about/the-problem/health-care-related-infections/
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Sharklet-Patterned Urinary Catheter
• Catheter manufactured with theSharklet micro-pattern in its surfaceto prevent the survival andmigration of bacteria with the intentto reduce CAUTI
• Reduced the risk of urinary tract
infection which accounts to 32% of
total Hospital Acquired Infections
Sharkskin Patterned Medical Equipment: Urinary Catheters
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Targeted approach to address
the most common Hospital
Acquired Infections (HAIs)
Reduced the frequency of
replacing the catheter tube
Low cost solution
Sharkskin Patterned Medical Equipment: Value Proposition
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Problem Statement:
Jack had an accident while riding a bike on PIE on a rainy day. Both of his legs were broken and were casted in plaster . Unable to walk and bedridden, doctor needs to implant urinary catheter on him for 3weeks.Doctor needs to decide to implant a normal urinary catheter or Sharklet patterned urinary catheter. What would the costs be?
Normal Catheter needs to be replaced after 7days else high risk of infection:
Week 1 : $0.50 Week 2 : $0.50Week 3 : $0.50
Total cost $1.50
Sharklet patterned urinary catheter:
Week 1 : $0.762Week 2 : $0Week 3 : $0
Total cost : $0.762
Potential gain per catheter = $0.738= 147.6%
* The above gain exclusive 3 times catheter insertion cost
Cost: Normal Catheter vs Sharklet-Patterned Catheter
Assumption:1. Manufacturing cost = 52.4% of Unit Selling Price/ in² based on 3M Annual Report, 2012) 2. $0.50 + 52.4% = $0.762/in²
Ref: http://www.dnrwheels.com/Incontinence/Catheters_Indwell
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Manufacture Sharklet film
SharkletIncorporate Sharklet film
to productCompany Use product End User
Manufacture Sharklet film
SharkletIncorporate Sharklet film
to productCompany Use product End User
Production
Commission
Licensing Sharklet
TechnologiesSharklet
Incorporate Sharklet
pattern to product
Company Use product End User
Licensing
Make Money
Make Money
Make Money
Sharklet Technologies: Value Capture
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Sharklet Technologies: Value Capture
• So which is the better approach?
Production
Competition from rival (lack of uniqueness, easy to copy - Price war)
Commissioning
Binding contract to be the sole supplied
Licensing
Sales dependent, more ownership
Unique manufacturing method to integrate Sharkskin pattern
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Sharklet Technologies: Value Capture
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Collaboration with Laboratory Equipment Manufacturer
Sharklet Technologies: Potential Value Capture
Ref: http://www.pacificscience.com/images/manufacturers_2013-06-17.jpg
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Continuously searching for partner/ collaboration and draw in
investments.
Sharklet Technologies: Scope of Activities
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Continue R & D for better integration with medical equipments and
processes
Collaboration with medical device OEM to apply Sharklet patterned
surface on existing medical devices/implants
Sharklet Technologies: Scope of Activities
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Sharklet Technologies: Scope of Activities
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Research/sourcing for better adhesive material for the
attachment of film to surfaces
Sharklet Technologies: Scope of Activities
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Patent for new medical devices
IP Protection for Sharkskin pattern engineering
Sharklet Technologies: Strategic Control
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LOOK INTO FUTURE
• 3D printing?• Economies of Scale?Reduce cost
• Other (shark) skins?• Material sensitive?
Improve performance
• Other applications of shark skin • Invade into normal films?New market
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LOOK INTO FUTURE - 3D PRINTING
Ref: http://wyss.harvard.edu/viewpage/537/
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LOOK INTO FUTURE – CONTINUOUS R&D
• Why is Galapagos Shark but not other shark?
• Is there any other types of skin has better performance?
• Does the testing result vary with the different materials?
• Color dependency?
• Applicable to other bacterial?
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LOOK INTO FUTURE – OTHER APPLICATIONS
Drag reduction
• Marine vessel/Shipping
• Aerospace Application
• Swimsuit
Anti-fouling
• Marine vessel/ Shipping
• Fishery
Anti-biotic surfaces
• Hospitals• Laboratory• Health care
centers
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LOOK INTO FUTURE – OTHER APPLICATIONS (AEROSPACE)
'Shark skin' paint to be tested on Lufthansa Airbus jetsScientists estimate that if 40 to 70 percent of the aircraft is coated with the new shark-skin mimicking paint, surface resistance may be reduced
by one percent.Ref: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYZsTFhTT8Q
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LOOK INTO FUTURE – OTHER APPLICATIONS (AEROSPACE)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0.00
10,000.00
20,000.00
30,000.00
40,000.00
50,000.00
60,000.00
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
20
10
20
12
Consumption(million gallons)
Cost (million dollars)
Cost per Gallon(dollars)
US Airline Fuel Cost and Consumption (All Majors - All)
48 billion X 1 % = 480 millionRef: http://www.transtats.bts.gov/fuel.asp?pn=0&display=data1
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LOOK INTO FUTURE – OTHER APPLICATIONS (SWIMSUIT)
Researchers found that staticdenticled-skin reduced drag by 8.7percent. When the team flapped thefoil to mimic swimming movement,they found that the swimming speedwas up by 6.6 percent and energyexpenditure was reduced by 5.9percent.
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LOOK INTO FUTURE – OTHER APPLICATIONS (ANTI-FOULING)
Early marine antifoulingstrategies by Europeans involvedthe use of copper cladding onships, which was toxic to manyorganisms and either deterredattachment or was lethal tothose that did attach.
Shark scales, or dermal denticlesare covered in enamel that isanalogous to human teeth andcan repel more than 85% ofalgae that comes in contact withthe scales.
Ref: http://www.ny-big.org/learning/non-toxic-anti-fouling-solutions-sharklet/
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LOOK INTO FUTURE – OTHER APPLICATIONS (OTHER POTENTIAL MARKETS)
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CONCLUSION
Extensive usage of Sharkskin in medical applications
- Medical Devices, Laboratory
Should continue to explore other potential
applications to maximise profit, especially customers
with higher willingness to pay
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