SharingforCaring

SharingforCaring

Technology,SamplesandData

Transferinthecontextof

WoodIdentificationPacyinzLyfoung,EDpacyinz@gmail.comPublicInterestIntellectualPropertyAdvisorsGTTNRegionalMeeting,Beijing-ChinaMay23,2019

Images:dreamstime.com;vector.com

SharingforCaringWRIWoodIDProject:

Intersectionofscienceandlaw/

policy

Goals:

1)  Whatandhowintellectual

property(IP)toolscanhelp

facilitateandacceleratethe

developmentofwoodID

technologies?

2)  HowcanIPtoolsand

strategiespreservepublic

interestbenefitsofpublicly-

fundedresearchforwood

IDtechnologies?

How8KeyLegalJurisdictionsaddresspublicly-

fundedresearchandIP

US:FOIAandBayh-Dole

Peru:•  Privateusuallyown•  Academic

collaborators’agreements

•  Case-by-caseforscientistinventor

Brazil:-  Somestate-owned

companies-  Proportional

ownership-  Ifforeignpartner,

productionandjobsincountry

-  SuigenerisABSforGRs

Madagascar:-  Draftinnovationlaw-  NoNagoya

implementingrulesyet-  Uptoscientiststoknow

anddefendtheirrights,eg,mandatorylocalstudentassistantwithforeignpartner

China:-  Somestate-owned

companies-  Staffgetnoownershipbut

bonus

Australia:-  Morerightsowners,

eg,unincorporatedorindigenouscommunities,studentresearchers

-  Mandatoryandvoluntarypublicdatadeposit

EU:Horizon2020-  Cross-border

collaboration-  AmongSMEs-  Backgroundand

foregroundIP-  Reimbursementif

withdraw

Germany:followsEU

*Federalstates/alike:US,Brazil,China,Australia,Germany,EU.

PublicResearchFundingandAccess:

HistoricalArcinUS

BalancingPublicandPrivateInterest:US

LegalModel-Moreprivateownershipwith

publicaccess

-Pre-1999FOIA,govtlabsandscientists’dataispublic,with9exceptions

-1999,ShelbyAmendmentduetoprivatesector’sdemandtoaccesspublicresearchdatausedtomakelaws-federalgrantees’dataispublic;agencydiscretiontoextendtointernationalgrantees

-1980Bayh-Dole,NGOandSMEgrantesallowedtoownIPfromfederally-fundedprojects2018amendment:anysizebusinesscanown;publicsectorco-inventorhasmorerightsthatheremployercanpursue(re-balancingpublic-privaterightsasthesystemismoreopentothefor-profitsetor

Public

Private

9FOIAexceptions;Nationalsecurity;Agencyinternalrulesandpractices;Statutoryexemptions,Tradesecretsandcommercial/financialinformation;Inter-andintra-agencycommunications’;Personalprivacy;Lawenforcementrecords;Financialinstitutions’data;andGeographicalandgeophysicaldata.

Publiclyowned;privatesectorwantsaccess

Privately-owned;publicwantsdataaccess

WoodIDTechnologyInnovationsandIP:QuickOverview

Digitalization/

Newmachines

Hardware/Software-

Algorithms

Methods/Protocols

InputandOutputDataanddatabases

Publications

IP:-  GRs/TKandABSforphysicalsamples-  Machines-patents-  Processes-patents-  Dataanddatabases-copyrightsusually-  Trademarks?

IP:•  Patentsandtrademarksfor

hardware•  Patentsandtrademarksfor

softwarethatonly•  workswiththenewmachine•  Copyrightsandtrademarks

forsoftwareIP:•  Copyrights

IP:•  Patents•  Copyrights•  Trademarks•  Tradesecrets•  Certificationmarks

PublicSectorpro-IPmotivations:•  Career:grants,tenure,

promotion•  Qualitycontrol•  Fairness•  Foreignassistancetodevelop

locallabsandtransferknowledgeandtechnology

•  Abilitytohelptheirlocaluniversitiesandteachthenextgenerationofscientistsfortheircountry

SharingforCaring

Maybeprivateownershipifnotprotectedorexempted,andifnegotiatedorpre-granted

Ifdirectworkthatprovidedinnovationfromthishumanintervention

Maybedirectbenefitsharingtothescientistorinstitution:buyorlicenseforuse

WoodIDInnovation:GRs/TKandOtherOrganicMatters

GRs/TK Non-GRs

Benefit=sharingifcommercialuse

Access:PriorInformedconsent(permit)andMaterialtransferAgreement(contract)

Stateowns

Law Hypo

PublicFunders’PublicAccesstoDataSciencesEfforts:•  PlanS:private

foundations,eg,Gates•  CoalitionS:11EUgovt

funders•  Rockfeller/Mastercard’s

DataScienceInitiative

SharingforCaringIPforWoodIDGlobal

SharingforCaring:

Intersectionofscienceand

law/policy

Goals:

1)  Sampling-physical

materials

2)  Validation

3)  ReferenceData

andDatabases

GTTNMeetings:IPDiscussionsand

Concerns

AfricaRegion-Cameroon•  ABS=establishlocal

labs•  Involvenationalgovts

forlongtermfundingLatinAmericaRegion-Peru•  Machinespecificdataisnotreadyfor

publicsharingorstorage•  Somescientistskeeptheirowncollections

anddata:howtogetthosewhentheyretire

•  Indigenouspersonknowsthisfungusonlygrowsonthisspeciesoftree

•  ManylocalscientistsonlypublishinSpanishinlocaloutlets

AsiaRegion-China:?

DC-GTTNMeeting:•  Ingeneral,

developedanddevelopingcountriesdifferonhowimportantABSisforcollaboration

*Multilateralvsbilateral:standardizedpredictabilityvs.Unpredictablecase-by-case

CurrentWoodIDInnovationEcosystem,sustainabilityandIP

PublicFunders• Ministries,egBMEL• NGOs,egWRI

Innovators

-Scientists-Publiclabs

PrivatesectorIntermediaries• Privatelabs,egAgroisolab• Verificationcompanies,eg,DoubleHelix• ITcompanies,eg,Agritix

Consumers• woodimporters• Woodmanufacturers• NGOs• Lawenforcement

Publicgood,eg,publicdatabase/repositories,opensourcesoftware,freeproducts/tools,freetrainings,etc

IPQ:WhoownstheIP,getspaid?

SustainabilityQ:moneyflowkeepsallafloat?:

Support:Secretariat-GTTN;TA,eg,PIIPA

SharingforCaring

Issue1:Sampling

AndReferenceData/Database

Issue2:Collaborationssharingsamples,

knowledge,technology,data,

etc.?

Issue3:Sustainability—

longtermpartnerships,

financial,sharingbenefits;longevity;

continuetoinnovate;longterm

success

WhatarethekeyIPissuesandwhatshouldtheIPpoliciesbe?

*PIIPA:Expertise,HonestBroker-Neutral,Participatoryprocess,partoftheGTTNprocessforthepast3years.