Sharing Experiences in Writing Scientific Research

Articles

Universitas Terbuka2 – 4 February 2015

Past is experience, present is experiment. Future is expectation Use experience in your experiment to accomplish expectation

1. Answering the question, but it does not solve the problem

2. Solving the problem, but it is unworkable

3. Granting a solution despite it has no problem at all

Paradoxal ...Paradoxal ...

Is your manuscript prepared to be:1.Presented in a world conference?2.Published in an international scientific journal?3.… or others …?

Pre-condition …Pre-condition …

QualityQuality

FlexibleFlexible

EducationEducation

Accessible

Affordable

General Overview

Konteks Ranah Penelitian UT ...Konteks Ranah Penelitian UT ...

Central focus of an article review*

1. Significance and clarity of the research problem – purpose of the paper

2. Significance and clarity of the central argument3. Strength of the theoretical framework and

literarture review4. Adequacy and relevance of the evidence relative

to the argument5. Organization, style and quality of the language

* International Journal of Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning

Acceptable in its present form Acceptable subject to (relatively minor) revision or

amendament Rejected in its present form, but a resubmission of a

substantially revised paper should be encourgaed Rejected

Research PaperAims at investigating a particular aspect through empirical study

Case studyDescribes a specific institutional, program or course setting in order to contribute to the development and sharing of such best practices

Concept paperProposes new theoretical/conceptual models/frameworks relevant to certaint field of interest

Position paperProvides original perspectives, interpretations and insights pertaining to some aspects of research, practice or policy of opinion of scholar

* Journal of Online Learning and Teaching

Types of Manuscripts*Types of Manuscripts*

Research article structures*Research article structures*

AIMRaDAbstract – Introduction – Materials & Method – Result – and Discussion

AIRDaMAbstract – Introduction – Results – Discussion – and Materials & Methods

AIMRaD*CAbstract – Introduction – Materials & Methods – Combined Results & Discussion – Conclusions

AIBCAbstract – Introduction – Body of Paper – Conclusion

* Margaret Cargill & Patrick O’Connor

13-Typical questions in Evaluating Manuscripts13-Typical questions in Evaluating Manuscripts

1. Is the contribution new?2. Is the result significant?3. Is it suitable for publication?4. Is the organization acceptable?5. Do the methods and the

treatment of results conform to acceptable scientific standards?

6. Are all conclusions firmly based in the data presented?

7. Is the length of the paper satisfactory?

8. Are all illustration required?9. Are all the figures and tables

necessary?10. Are all figure legends and table titles

adequate?11. Do the title and abstract clearly

indicate the content of the paper?12. Are the references up to date,

complete, and the journal titles correctly abbreviated?

13. Is the paper excellent, good or poor?

The Logical FrameworkThe Logical Framework

RATIONALE BackgroundRATIONALE Background

Literature Review

Relevant Methods

RESULTS Discussion & Argument

Concluding RemarksConclusions, Implications

& Recommendations

All CITATION is in APA format

Abstract: What you did & got?

Rationale – Background …Rationale – Background …

• Introduction of the problem– Start with identifying the research issues

• Development of the background– Review the pertinent literature (be very

concise) by underlining variables manipulated and how they are measured

• Statement of purpose and the reasons – Be very explicit (based on the relevant

literature reviewed for prediction)

The typical length of 400 – 600 words

Literature Review … Literature Review …

Conceptual framework– For each and all variables involved: Cited

from relevant field of studies (referred to minimum 7 of recent publications) Finding the General Model

Operational framework– Contextualization from conceptual level to

operational level Use as a bases of developing hypothesis, instruments and later for the sake of analysis

The typical length of 600 – 800 words

Comparative Experiment & Expost Facto

AssociativeCorrelational, Causal, Causal

Model & Measurement

Methodology ...Methodology ...

Quantitative

Qualitative

Mixed Meth

Narrative, Phenomenology, Ethnography, Case Study,

Grounded Theory & Content Analysis

Evaluation (Policy, Program), Research & Development, Action

Research

Evaluation (Policy, Program), Research & Development, Action

Research

DeductiveDeductive

InductiveInductive

UnionUnion

MethodsMethods ……

1. Participants: Who participated, how many of them, how they are selected – identify important participants’ characteristics

2. Materials: Provide a complete description of the materials used

3. Apparatus: Report all physical characteristics 4. Procedures: Review what was done to the participants

from the beginning up to the end 5. The design of experiment and how the participants

were assigned to each activity are described

Invloving: Participants, materials & Procedures

The typical length of 300 – 500 words

Present all results – including non-significant one• When reporting statistical results, always include

associated measures of variability• Give verbal description of the results taken from

Tables, Figures, and Graphs)• Do not interpret the results in the results sectionIn the discussion, review argumentatively whether:• The results supported by the hypothesis, or vice

versa • They are consistent with the published literatures• The results are tied in with the hypothesis stated

in the beginning

Results – Discussions & ArgumentsResults – Discussions & Arguments

The typical length of 1500 – 2500 words

ConclusionCritical output and outcome of the research, the most significant one up to the less one; theoretically, practically and methodologically

ImplicationLessons learnt that might by useful for others from their specific need

RecommendationAlternative important keypoints that shlould be taken into account for future direction, internally amd externally

Concluding Remarks …Concluding Remarks …

The typical length of 200 – 400 words

Artikel “Mulus” Publikasi ... ?Artikel “Mulus” Publikasi ... ?

Berbasis Penelitian Ilmiah! Penelitian Proses mengumpulkan, mengolah, menganalisis

dan menyimpulkan data yang didukung kajian konseptual dan kerangka teoretik guna memecahkan suatu masalah untuk tujuan* tertentu

* Menjelaskan, mengeksplorasi, menguji, menemukan, atau mengembangkan

Ilmiah Bersifat – bercirikan keilmuan:

Logis/rasional, empiris, dan sistematis

Refleksi Refleksi Iman, Ilmu, Ikhtiar, IstikomahIman, Ilmu, Ikhtiar, Istikomah, Ikhlas, Ikhlas

Absolute – IlahiahIsoteric – Zero Conflict

Strategical Ma’rifat

Tactical Hakikat

OperationalSyariat

Think big

Think big

Start smallStart small

Act nowAct now

Up to finishUp to finish