Shade grown coffee
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Faculty of Geosciences Shade grown coffee Double dividend for biodiversity and small-scale farmers in Peru Pita Verweij & Rosalien Jezeer Utrecht University, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development
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Transcript of Shade grown coffee
Faculty of Geosciences
Shade grown coffeeDouble dividend for biodiversity and small-scale farmers in Peru
Pita Verweij
& Rosalien Jezeer
Utrecht University,Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development
Pita Verweij
Or: Insights into economic and biodiversity performance of coffee plantations
Faculty of Geosciences
Research on biodiversity-friendly business
Small to medium scale enterprises in the global South:
can generate biodiversity benefits and socio-economic benefits There is a business case for
biodiversity-friendly enterprises
Research into agro-commodity chains:• oil palm, soy, sugarcane, cocoa
How to safeguard biodiversity in these chains
Faculty of Geosciences
Local development & conservation
Conversion of shade-grown coffee into full-sun monoculture is a worldwide trend
• Assumption of higher productivity, better economic performance
• A fair comparison of both systems requires full cost-benefit analysis
Objective of our study:
Gain more insight into the business case of shaded coffee systems and its relation with biodiversity performance
Faculty of Geosciences
Case study: Coffee systems in PeruEconomic performance • Productivity• Costs & benefits• LaborFarmer surveys (n=154)
Biodiversity and ecosystem services• Vegetation• Butterflies• Carbon, micro-climate, soilFieldwork measurements (n=49)
Landscape characteristics• Relations with forest• InfrastructureGIS analysis
Local expert workshops
Protected area
Deforestation 2001-2012
Deforestation < 2001
Faculty of Geosciences
Economic performance: costs
Conventional Agroforestry0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800 Labor costs (€/ha)
Faculty of Geosciences
Costs: labor and inputs
Conventional Agroforestry0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800Labor, hired #REF!
Conventional Agroforestry0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500 Fertilizer, input
Pest Control, input
Weed control input
Equipment
Land
Faculty of Geosciences
Costs: labor and inputs
Conventional Agroforestry0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800Labor, Hired #REF!
Conventional Agroforestry0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500 Fertilizer, input
Pest Control, input
Weed control input
Equipment
Land
Faculty of Geosciences
Benefits - income from other products
€ 122,48 /ha per year
Conventional
€ 646,67 /ha per year
Agroforestry
• Fruits, firewood, livestock, timber
• Timber has large potential
Faculty of Geosciences
Net revenue
Conventional Agroforestry €-
€500
€1,000
€1,500
€2,000
Income outside farm
Timber
Livestock
Firewood
Platano and Yuca
Coffee income
Inco
me
(€/y
ear)• Coffee yield not a comprehensive indicator• Quality• Market access • Certification
Faculty of Geosciences
Net revenue
Conventional Agroforestry €-
€500
€1,000
€1,500
€2,000
Income outside farm
Timber
Livestock
Firewood
Platano and Yuca
Coffee income
Inco
me
(€/y
ear)• Coffee yield not a comprehensive indicator• Quality• Market acces • Certification• Diversification
Faculty of Geosciences
Net revenue
Conventional Agroforestry €-
€500
€1,000
€1,500
€2,000
Income outside farm
Timber
Livestock
Firewood
Platano and Yuca
Coffee incomeInco
me
(€/y
ear)
• Coffee yield not a comprehensive indicator• Quality• Market acces • Certification• Diversification• Timber revenues
Faculty of Geosciences
Butterfly species richness
Conventional Agroforestry Forest02468
101214161820
Unidentified
Open habitat, gen-eralists
Forest habitat specialists
but
terfl
y sp
ecie
s ri
chne
ss
Faculty of Geosciences
Butterfly species richness
Conventional Agroforestry Forest02468
101214161820
Unidentified
but
terfl
y sp
ecie
s ri
chne
ss
Faculty of Geosciences
Ecosystem services
Biodiversity ↓ ↑Carbon stocks
Micro-climate controlNutrients: soil nitrogen content
Faculty of Geosciences
Key insights
Improved productivity and diversification of income
Market access For coffee, but also other products Certification
Enabling environment Technical assistance Incentives
Ecosystem Services Resilience to pests and diseases Climate mitigation & adaptation
Faculty of Geosciences
Though many challenges ahead:Coffee agroforestry does provide a double dividend for farmers and nature
Contact: Pita Verweij and Rosalien Jezeer [email protected] [email protected]
Evidence for the agroforestry business case
Faculty of Geosciences
Less pest incidence with higher forest cover within a radius of 1 km
Landscape level
Mitigation of pests and diseases: Transfer of knowledge, technical assistance and awareness raising
Faculty of Geosciences
Other ecosystem services
Conventional Shaded organic Forest0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00 Carbon sequestration
Carb
on (
T/ha
)
Faculty of Geosciences
Micro-climate control
Conventional Shaded Organic24
24.525
25.526
26.527
27.528
Air temperature (°C)
Conventional Shaded Organic6870727476788082
Air humidity (%)
Faculty of Geosciences
Synthesis Results
Coffee yield ++ +Income from other products +/- ++
Costs - +Net income +/- +/-
Net income + timber +/- ++Biodiversity - ++
Other ES - +
