Sexually Transmitted Diseases:Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Trichomoniasis, Syphilis, HIV

Dr. Nicholas Viyuoh, MDBoard Certified OB/GYNLock Haven Hospital-Haven Health Care for Women

Presentation contains graphic pictures of diseases

Chlamydia What is it?

A vaginal infection of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis

Mucopurulet cervix with inflammation, discharge, and ectopy (abnormal cells) due to infection with ChlamydiaImage from The Practitioner’s Handbook for the Management of STDs

Normal CervixImage from the Practitioner’s Handbook for the Management of STDs

Chlamydia

How is it transmitted? Oral, anal, vaginally, and

during childbirth Chlamydia may be cultured

from the throats of those who have had oral exposure from an infected individual

Symptoms—usually present within 2 weeks of exposure Female: Vaginal discharge,

burning with urination, painful intercourse, bleeding between menses

Male: Penile discharge, burning with urination

Chlamydial infection within the lymphatic system of an infected malewww.mc3.edu/sa/hpnc/nurstd/std.htm

Chlamydia

Rates of Chlamydia by Age

• Note: almost all cases of Chlamydia are college-aged

• MOST FREQUENTLY REPORTED BACTERIAL STD!

Clinton County Rates (2004) from the PA dept of Health

• 61 reported cases in 2004 in Clinton County

• 21,385 reported in PA in 2004, exclusive of Philadelphia

• Rate increasing 8.84%/year

From the Center of Disease Control

Chlamydia Complications:

Females: PID, infertility Males: epididymitis

Prevention: Abstinence Limit sexual partners Condoms

Treatment: Antibiotics

Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Erythromycin

The bacteria that causes Chlamydia:

Chlamydia trachomatismicrobewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Chlamydia

Gonorrhea

What is it? STD cause by bacteria

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Very common STD

Signs/Symptoms—usually present within 10 days of exposure Males: Burning with

urination, yellow/green/white discharge from penis, swollen or tender testicles

Females: often asymptomatic, painful urination, increased discharge

Penile discharge in individual infected with Gonorrhea

www.mc3.edu/sa/hpnc/nurstd/std.htm

Gonorrhea

Complications Females: PID, infertility Males: epididymitis

Treatment: Antibiotics, although we are now seeing more resistance to antibiotics

Prevention: abstinence, limit number, condoms

Cervical discharge in female infected with Gonorrheahttp://medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/mmid/bms5300/images/b2.jpg

Trichomoniasis

What is it? STD caused by

protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis

Signs/Symptoms Females: frothy yellow-

green discharge with a strong odor, pain with intercourse and urination, vaginal itching

Males: irritation in penis, discharge

“Strawberry Cervix” from T. vaginaliswww.fpnotebook.com/ID211.htm

Trichomoniasis

Complications More susceptibility to

other STDs and HIV Prevention

Abstinence Limit Sexual Partners Condoms

Treatment Vaginal or oral

medication: Flagyl

T. vaginalis, protozoa that causes Trichomoniasis isolated from culturehttp://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/notes/intes.html

Syphilis

What is it? Bacterial STD caused

by Treponema pallidum Transmission

Have to have a sore to transmit, but sores may be hidden

Transmitted vaginally, anally, orally

www.wales.nhs.uk

Syphilis

Signs/Symptoms May be asymptomatic for years Primary stage: painless ulcer

(chancre) lasting 3-6 weeks Secondary stage: rash (not

itchy), on palms of hands and soles of feet, swollen gland, weight loss, headaches.

Tertiary stage: internal organ (brain, heart, eye, nerves) damage,

End stage: paralysis, numbness, blindness, dementia, death

From the Practitioner’s Handbook of Management of STDs

pathmicro.med.sc.edu

Syphilis Diagnosis:

One of the 2 STDs that is diagnosed with a blood test (other is HIV)

The test is called an RPR.

Treatment: Antibiotics in the primary

or secondary stages Prevention:

Abstinence Condoms Limit Partners

http://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/_img/figuras_en/20060420193906.jpg

HIV

HIV: what is it? HIV: Human

Immunodeficiency Virus

AIDS is Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Having HIV does NOT mean you have AIDS http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/Chem101/hiv/HIV-

1.html

References

http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/trends2005.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/std/default.htm