Sexual Harassment

Pro. Ihab Younis

What is it?

It is unwelcome attention of a sexual nature1

U.S. law recognizes two types of sexual

harassment 2

1.Quid pro quo, Latin for "this for that“

2.“Hostile environment"

How often?• Approximately 15,000 sexual harassment

cases are brought to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission each year 3

• In 2007, 16% of EEOC complaints were filed by men with 11% of claims involving men filing against female supervisors 4

• A 2006 government study in Britain revealed that 40% of sexual harassment victims are male, with 8% of all sexual harassment complaints coming from men 5

High School• 83% of girls and 79% of boys reported

having ever experienced harassment• Over 1 in 4 students experience it “often”

THE OFFENDERS 7

• 30% harassed by a teacher• 59% by a student • 9% by an administrator

Types of harassment in

school (girls) 8

• 89% of girls said they were the recipients of sexual jokes, looks, comments

or  gestures

• 83% of girls reported being

touched, pinched, or grabbed

• 42% reported being leaned

over or cornered

Types of harassment in

school (Boys) 9

• 76% of boys (Vs 85% of girls) reported “unwanted sexual behavior that interferes with their lives”

• 56% of boys (Vs 76% of girls) had been subjected to sexual

comments, jokes or gestures• 42% of boys had been sexually touched, grabbed or pinched

• 36% of the boys had been brushed against• 17% of the boys had their clothes pulled

down or off• 23% of 10% of girls) had been called gay in a

derogatory way• 57% of the boys had been harassed by a girl

acting alone; 35% had been harassed by a group of girls; 25% by a boy acting alone; 14% by a group of boys; and 13% by a group of boys and girls

University10

• 62% of female college students and 61% of male college students report having been sexually harassed at their university

THE OFFENDERS• 51% males • 31% females

THE OFFENDERS 11

• 26% of male professors stated they had initiated a sexual encounter or relationship with a student

• 11% said they had otherwise attempted to “stroke, caress or touch” female students

• Only 7% of women academics reported dating a student, and even fewer reported engaging in sex with a student

WORKPLACE

A survey in Los Angeles found (1995) 13

• 44% of women reported sexual harassment at work

• 53% reported that the harassment was by male superiors or coworkers

Types of harassment

In a survey of 9,000 clerical and professional

women (1971) 14

• 92% experienced overt physical harassment, sexual remarks and leering

• 50% said they or someone they knew had quit or been fired because of sexual harassment

• 75% believed that if they complained to a supervisor, nothing would be done

STREET 12

• In a survey of 168 girls in Chicago about street harassment, 86% said that they had been catcalled (for example: Hey baby!  Hey beautiful!) on the street

• 36% of those respondents who had been harassed suggested that this happened once a day or more

Types of street harassment 15

Passing comments 81% “Accidental touching 67%

Whistling 75% Tickling 67%

Staring / talking to breasts

73%

Staring 66%

Groping 71% Singing songs 62%

Making kissing sound 71% Looking 15%

Winking 71% 

MILITARY16

•  90% of women under age 50 who had served in the U.S. military reported having been sexually harassed while in the service

• Nearly 1/3 reported having been raped

Sexual Harassment of Female Doctors by Patients 17

• 77 % of the female doctors in Ontario, Canada reported some sexual harassment by a patient at some time during their careers

• In 92 % the harasser was a male

• In 14 % harassment occurred in emergency departments and walk-in clinics

Types of harassment• Among the common types of harassment

were requests for genital examinations by patients who had no physical findings and displays of erections by patients before or during a physical examination

• Physicians reported being grabbed, fondled, and having their breasts brushed by intoxicated patients. They also reported receiving inappropriate gifts from patients, including a bouquet of flowers accompanied by a sexually explicit letter, G-strings, a tape of love songs with a follow-up telephone call to the physician's home to see how she liked the songs, and a deceased wife's clothes

Sexual harassment among medical residents 18

• 73 % of female and 22 % of male residents reported that they had been sexually harassed at least once during their training

Type of Harassment

• Sexual remarks 59%

• Suggestive looks 53%

• Suggestive exposure of body parts 31%

• Pressures for dates 23%

• Inappropriate gifts 22%

• Brushing, touching, grabbing 19%

• Attempted rape 1%

Rating of the effect of harassment

• 1 (Not a problem) 20%

• 2 36%

• 3 22%

• 4 16%

• 5 (very much a problem) 6%

Sexual harassment of interns by speciality 19

• General surgery 33%

• Surgery subspecialities 32%

• Emergency medicine 26%

• Ophthalmology 26%

• Ob/Gyn 23%

• Medicine subspecialities 22%

• Dermatology 20%

EGYPT 20

• Female travelers consider Egypt the worst country in the world for harassment on the streets - second only to Afghanistan

• The USA & UK travel advisories warn female visitors that they may face unwanted attention, or sexual attacks, in Egypt

• When Egyptian lawmakers objected to Britain's advisory this summer, Britain responded that more female British tourists were harassed and assaulted, even raped, while in Egypt than in any other country

• A survey by the Egyptian Center for Women's Rights on harassment on the streets included 2,020 Egyptian men and women and 109 non-Egyptian women

• 98% of the foreign women • 83 percent of the Egyptian women said they had been sexually harassed• About half of the women, Egyptian and

non-Egyptian, said they were harassed every day as they went about the streets

• Foreign women identified Egyptian policemen and other security officials as the most frequent harassers

• Two-thirds of the Egyptian men surveyed admitted to harassing women, in actions ranging from staring openly at their bodies, shouting explicit comments, touching the women or exposing themselves

• "It makes a woman happy when I call to her. It makes her know she's attractive," 20-year-old Alla Aldin Salem said on the sidewalk in Mohandisseen, after going out of earshot of the glaring fellow vendor in hijab.

• "The woman herself is the one who makes men harass her," said Fawzi Tahbet, a 50-year-old man selling kitchenware on another stretch of the sidewalk, under the shade of a tree. "If she's walking, swinging as she goes, of course it will happen."

• While both men and women surveyed said that short skirts and tight clothes triggered harassment, the survey found that Among Egyptian women, 72 % of those who described incidents of harassment said they were veiled at the time

مصر سماء في 21غيوم

الدراسة • :3شملت محافظات وشبرا: • شمس عين القاهرةإمبابة: • و الدقي الجيزةوبنها: • الخيمة شبرا القليوبية

األمريكية: • والجامعة الحسين األجنبيات

فيها تعرضن التي األماكن أكثرللتحرش

%91الشارع •

%58المواصالت •

%21األسواق •

الجامعة • أو %18المدرسة

%10الشواطئ •

والمطاعم • %7النوادي

References• 1. Boland, Mary L. Sexual Harassment:

Your Guide to Legal Action. Naperville, Illinois: Sphinx Publishing, 2002.

• 2. http://www.answers.com/topic/sexual-harassment

• 3.http://www.womenlobby.org/site/1abstract.asp?DocID=404

• 4.http://www.usatoday.com/money/workplace/2004-09-17-harass_x.htm

• 5.http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2006/jun/25/gender.world

• 7. Strauss, Susan. 1992. Sexual Harassment and Teens. Free Spirit Publishing

• 8. Stein, Nan. 1993. Secrets in Public: Sexual Harassment in Our Schools. Wellesley College: Center for Research on Women.

•6. American Association of University Women. 1993. Hostile Hallways: The AAUW Survey on Sexual Harassment in America’s Schools. Washington, D.C.: American Association of University Women Educational Foundation.

• 9. American Association of University Women. 1993. Hostile Hallways: The AAUW Survey on Sexual Harassment in America’s Schools. Washington, D.C.: American Association of University Women Educational Foundation

• 10.http://www.aauw.org/research/dtl.cfm• 11.Fitzgerald, Louise F., and Lauren M.

Weitzman. 1987. Men Who Harass: Speculation and Data. In Ivory Power. State University of New York Press, 1987

• 12.Wyatt, Gail E., and Monika Reiderle. The Prevalence and Context of Sexual Harassment Among African American and White American Women. 10(3) Journal of Interpersonal Violence (1995): 309-321.

• 13. McKinney, Kathleen. 1991. Sexual Harassment. In Sexual Coercion. Lexington Books.

• 14. The Rogers Park Young Women Action. “Hey cutie, can I get your digits?”: A Report about the Street Harassment of Girls in Rogers Park. Friends of Battered Women and Children (August 2003).

• 15.http://blog.blanknoise.org/2008/10/building-survey-on-street-sexual.html

• 16. Murdoch, Maureen,  and Kristin Nichol. Women Veterans’ Experiences with Domestic Violence and with Sexual Harassment While in the Military. 4(5) Archives of Family Medicine (May 1995): 411-418.

• 17. Phillips SP, Schneider MS. Sexual harassment of female doctors by patients. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1936-1939.

• 18. Komaromy M, Bindman AB, Haber RJ, Sande MA. Sexual harassment in medical training. N Engl J Med. 1993;328 :322 –326

• 19. Frank E, Brogan D, Schiffman M. Prevalence and correlates of harassment among US women physicians. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158 :352 –358

• 20. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/16/AR2008081602063.html

• 21.http://www.islamonline.net/arabic/adam/2008/07/images/00.pdf