Setting the Scene The Kingdom of Aksum
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Transcript of Setting the Scene The Kingdom of Aksum
Setting the Scene
The Kingdom of Aksum
This civilization arose after 1000 B.C.E. and lasted until about 600 B.C.E. At times, the kingdom stretched to include lands across the Red Sea.
Chapter 20 Section 2
Pg.374
The Red S
ea
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An East African Kingdom
The Kingdom of Aksum
The civilization
was based on controlling the trade across the Red Sea.
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Obelisks in AksumThe kingdom of Aksum produced many different obelisks which seem to have had some religious significance.
One of the largest obelisks (seen here) is 78 ft tall.
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Obelisks in AksumThis obelisk was taken by Mussolini’s Italian soldiers during World War II and taken back to Rome in 1947.
It was returned to where it belongs in modern-day Ethiopia in 2003.
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Christianity in the Kingdom of Aksum
Some amazing stone / rock churches have been left behind from the Ancient Kingdom of Aksum.
This one is called the church of Lalibela. 5
Church of Lalibela
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Church of Lalibela
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West African Kingdoms• Trading gold for salt• salt - as a spice, to help preserve food,
and to help keep you hydrated
• gold - oooh shiny… and it’s a soft metal which is easy to create things out of
because it has a low melting point
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West African Kingdoms- Bantu peoples
(until 1000 A.D.)- Kingdom of Ghana (1000 A.D to 1200 A.D.)- Kingdom of Mali (1200 A.D. to 1500 A.D.)- Kingdom of Songhai (started around 1500 A.D.) All three empires were centered around the Niger and Senegal Rivers and the trade city of Tombouctou (Timbuktu) with trade across the Sahara Desert. (Trans-Saharan trade)
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The Kingdom of Ghana
Not in the same location as modern Ghana
Known for the gold found there.
Kingdom of GhanaModern country of Ghana
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The Kingdom of Ghana
In this area, lot of gold could be found near the surface of the earth.
sifting (mining) for tiny bits of gold.
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The Kingdom of Mali
This kingdom was also based on the Trans-Saharan trade of gold, salt, and many other goods.
They did not use wagons. Instead
goods were carried on the backs of
camels, which were known as the “ships
of the desert”. 13
The Kingdom of Mali
A caravan of traders crossing the Sahara desert.14
Mansa Musa
“Mansa” = emperor
Ruler of the Kingdom of Mali
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Part of a map showing Mansa Musa16
Richest man in the world
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This is a historical map showing the trade routes and the important rulers and empires including Mansa Musa.
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Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
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Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
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Mansa Musa’s Pilgrimage to Mecca
60,000 people
80 camels
Lots of gold22
Mansa Musa’s Pilgrimage to Mecca
OUTCOMES
+ Positive - opened up new trading routes with other Muslim states to the east.
-Negative - became so famous for its gold, that European nations became
interested in Mali… and eventually colonized
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Djenné Mosque in Djenné, Mali
This is NOT the original mosque built during the time of Mansa Musa, but it has been rebuilt in a similar style in the same spot as the original.
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The Songhai Empire (1500-1591 A.D.)
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The Songhai Empire (1500-1591 A.D.)
Another great trading empire
centered around the important
trading city of Tombouctou (Timbuktu).
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The Songhai Empire (1500-1591 A.D.)
The city of Tombouctou (Timbuktu)
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The Songhai Empire (1500-1591 A.D.)
The city of Tombouctou (Timbuktu)
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VIDEO BREAK
Islam Comes to Timbuktu (4 min 16 sec)
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East AfricanCity-States
After the decline of the
Aksum kingdom, other
smaller civilizations
developed on the east coast of Africa. They
were also based on trade. 31
East AfricanCity-States
Because of the trade between
Arabs and Africans a new
language developed. It is called swahili
and is a blend or combination of
Arabic and Bantu-African. 32
Ibn Battuta(Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta)
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Ibn Battuta
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Kilwa
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Kilwa
Ruins of the trading city of
Kilwa.
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Let’s REVIEW
Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and EmpiresI. Trade in Aksum (Setting the Scene)
A. There was an important trade city named
Adulis in the Kingdom of Aksum.
B. There were many items available for trade in
Adulis
1. cloth from Egypt2. brass used for jewelry and money3. copper used for cooking utensils
and bracelets.4. Iron used for making spears and
other weapons.
Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and EmpiresII. An East African Kingdom
A. Aksum1. Located in East Africa near present-day
Ethiopia and Eritrea.
2. Aksum controlled trade along the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea.
B. Trade and cultural diffusion in Aksum
1. Christianity came to Aksum though traders
2. Started the early Ethiopian Christian Church
C. Kingdom of Aksum ends
1. Arabs took control of area and trade
Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and EmpiresIII. West African Kingdoms
A. Great kingdoms started in West Africa around 600 A.D after the decline of Aksum
1. kingdoms formed to trade
2. traded gold from West Africa for salt from
North Africa.
Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and EmpiresB. Ghana (The Kingdom of Ghana)
1. Located between Senegal and Niger Rivers
(not exactly where modern Ghana is)
2. Controlled trade across West Africa by
controlling the rivers.
3. Taxed goods being bought and sold in Ghana
4. Ghana nicknamed “the land of gold”
5. The Kingdom of Ghana eventually lost
control of trade.
Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and EmpiresC. Mali and the Spread of Islam
1. This kingdom started in the mid-1200s A.D.
2. Kings of Mali controlled gold mines and salt
supply.3. “mansa” means emperor
Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires D. Mansa Musa
1. Famous king of Mali, Mansa Musa used Islam
to keep peace.
2. In 1324, Mansa Musa made a pilgrimage to
Mecca (Saudi Arabia). 3. 60,000 people, 80 camels, and 300 lbs
of
gold per camel went with him.
4. Mansa Musa shared gold and his message
of Islam along the way.
5. The trip made new trading ties with other
Muslim countries. 6. Europe heard about all of the gold Mali
had.
Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires D. Mansa Musa
1. Famous king of Mali, Mansa Musa used Islam
to keep peace.
2. In 1324, Mansa Musa made a pilgrimage to
Mecca (Saudi Arabia). a. 60,000 people, 80 camels, and 300
lbs of
gold per camel went with him.
b. Mansa Musa shared gold and his message
of Islam along the way.
c. The trip made new trading ties with other
Muslim countries. d. Europe heard about all of the gold
Mali had.
Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and EmpiresE. Songhai
1. Songhai became powerful after Mali died off.
2. It was the most powerful of the West African
kingdoms.3. controlled Tombouctou (Timbuktu)
which was an important trading city and
Muslim
learning center.
4. Songhai was located near the Niger River.
Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and EmpiresIV. East African City-States
A. After Aksum, many other trading cities developed
on the coast of East Africa.
1. Traded animal skins, ivory, gold, and other metals with China and India
2. Traders brought back goods from China and
India (like silk, spices, indigo, rice)
3. Swahili language which is a mixture of Bantu
and Arabic developed because of the trade.
Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires4. A new form of government called a
city-state
developed.
a. it is a government that controlled a city
and the surrounding land.
b. Malindi, Mombasa, and Kilwa were a few
of these trading city-states
c. City-states made money by charging taxes
on trading done in the city.
Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and EmpiresB. Kilwa
1. A man named Ibn Batuta visited Kilwa when
it was powerful and wrote about it.2. Ibn Batuta (Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta)
traveled to many places like China, India,
and West Africa.
3. Batuta said Kilwa was “one of the most
beautiful and best-constructed towns in the
world”