Session-VII

National Initiatives for Food Security

and Nutrition-Case Studies

Bangladesh Country Paper

On

A Comprehensive Approach to Food Security: the National Food Policy Plan of Action and Country

Investment Plan

Dr Muhammad Abdur Razzaque, MPMinister for Food & Disaster Management

FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy, 12 October 2010

Outline of Presentation

• Background and context

• From National Food Security Policy framework to an investment plan

- NFP : the policy framework- NFP : the policy framework

- NFP PoA : Programming guidance

- Investment planning : CIP

• Lessons learnt

• Way forward

�Situated in the Bengal Delta at the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra

Bangladesh: Introduction

the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal

� Approximate area of 147,570 sq. km with population of about 150 million

Bangladesh: GDP share

33.1

%

17.3

49.6

%

20.2

%

29.9

%

49.9

%

1980-81 2009-10

�The GDP growth over the last five years remained around 6 percent

�Agriculture employs about 45% of labour force

17.3

%

Agriculture Industries

Services

%

Agriculture Industries

Services

The Context: The Context: FoodgrainFoodgrainProduction Production

14975 1

8789

24907

29770

32166

33159

20000

25000

30000

35000

tho

us

an

d m

etr

ic t

on

s

Total foodgrain production

Source: BBS, various years

09887

14975 1

8789

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

FY

1971-7

21972-7

31973-7

41974-7

51975-7

61976-7

71977-7

81978-7

91979-8

01980-8

11981-8

21982-8

31983-8

41984-8

51985-8

61986-8

71987-8

81988-8

91989-9

01990-9

11991-9

21992-9

31993-9

41994-9

51995-9

61996-9

71997-9

81998-9

91999-0

02000-0

12001-0

22002-0

32003-0

42004-0

52005-0

62006-0

72007-0

82008-0

92009-1

0

tho

us

an

d m

etr

ic t

on

s

The Context: Price Volatility…The Context: Price Volatility…

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

900.0

US

D/M

T

Rice price

-

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

Jan-0

6

Mar-

06

May-

06

Jul-06

Sep-0

6

Nov-

06

Jan-0

7

Mar-

07

May-

07

Jul-07

Sep-0

7

Nov-

07

Jan-0

8

Mar-

08

May-

08

Jul-08

Sep-0

8

Nov-

08

Jan-0

9

Mar-

09

May-

09

Jul-09

Sep-0

9

Nov-

09

Jan-1

0

Mar-

10

May-

10

Jul-10

Sep-1

0

US

D/M

T

Thai A1 super National rice

The Context: Price Volatility…The Context: Price Volatility…

The context: PovertyThe context: Poverty

Long term positive trend affected by the price crisis

19.5%

28.4%

40.4%

47.7%

40

50

60

Nu

mb

er

in m

illi

on

s

30%

40%

50%

% o

f to

tal

po

pu

lati

on

Source: BBS; Absolute poor < 2122 kcal/day: Hard core poor < 1805 kcal/day

19.5%

0

10

20

30

1988-89 1991-92 1995-96 2000 2005

Nu

mb

er

in m

illi

on

s

0%

10%

20%

30%

% o

f to

tal

po

pu

lati

on

Number of hard core poor Number of absolute poor

Percentage of hard core poor Percentage of absolute poor

The context: undernourishmentThe context: undernourishment

Undernutrition trends among <5 children in Bangladesh

47.8

57.4

68.3

51

65.8

51.4

64.264.6

50

60

70

80

47.8

17

13

44.6

41

43

43.1

51.448.3

42.4

14.416.7 16.6

12 12.7

10

20

30

40

50

1989/90 1992 1995 2000 2005 2007 2009

Source: 1990-2005 CMNS; 2007 BDHS; 2009 HFSNA

Pe

rce

nt

Underweight <5 Stunting <5

Wasting <5 MDG target for underweight

The Context: Growth & Malnutrition

GDP/capita

60

80

100

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

66%

GDP/capita ($)

Underweight children < 5 years

44.6%

0

20

40

0

100

200

300

400

500

1992 1995 2000 2005 2009

Economic growth alone not sufficient to improve the nutrition to meet the MDG 1 target

MDG-1 target: 33%

but not included because it was not year average

44.6%

2007

Context: Aid flow decreased

1500

2000

2500

Qu

an

tit

y ('0

00 m

t)

Food aid to Bangladesh: commitment vs disbursement (ERD. 2009)

�Food aid reduced drastically

�ODA to global agriculture reduced from 18% to 4%

0

500

1000

1500

1971/7

2

1973/7

4

1975/7

6

1977/7

8

1979/8

0

1981/8

2

1983/8

4

1985/8

6

1987/8

8

1989/9

0

1991/9

2

1993/9

4

1995/9

6

1997/9

8

1999/0

0

2001/0

2

2003/0

4

2005/0

6

2007/0

8

Qu

an

tit

y ('0

00 m

t)

Year

Total commitment Total disbursement

�Funding for family planning reduced globally (from 55% in 1995 to about 5% in 2007

Climate change impacts (IPCC)

• Average temperature changed

• Frequency and intensity of natural disasters increased

• Salinity intrusion

• Decline of precipitation resulted droughts

• Extinction of plant and animal species- loss of biodiversity• Extinction of plant and animal species- loss of biodiversity

• Sea-level rise by one meter in the current century, likely to:

– one third of the country’s land under threat of salt water inundation

– loss of livelihoods of 40 million people

– 20 million might need relocation by 2050

FloodFlood

Drought

CycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCyclone

Context: Context: Environmental Environmental

vulnerabilitiesvulnerabilities

Context: Climate change & disaster impacts ….

Crops, business, fish ponds, rural houses, livestock/poultry, fishing boats

Promoting Food SecurityPromoting Food Security

Achieving MDG 1 and the World Food Summit target requires policy commitment and

investments.FOOD SECURITY POLICIES should:

• flexibly adjust to the changing market situationsituation

• combine short term and structural responses, i.e. twin track approach

• be comprehensive including: - availability and stability of supply- economic, social and physical access- food utilization for safe and balanced nutrition

••The National Food Policy Plan of Action (2008The National Food Policy Plan of Action (2008--15) 15)

Bangladesh Food Security

Policy Frameworks

••The National Food Policy (2006)The National Food Policy (2006)

••National Agricultural Policy 1999National Agricultural Policy 1999••National Fisheries/Livestock PolicyNational Fisheries/Livestock Policy••National Plan of Action for Nutrition National Plan of Action for Nutrition ••PRSPPRSP--IIII••Other relevant sectoral policiesOther relevant sectoral policies

••Bangladesh Country Investment Plan 2010Bangladesh Country Investment Plan 2010

Approved by the FPMC

on 5 August 2008

The NFP Plan of Action (2008-15)

Officially launched on 28 May 2009

with the participation of USA and EC Ambassadors

A major step towards a coordinated implementation and monitoring of the NFP, and better

alignment of DPs’ interventions, in line with Paris Declaration on Aid

Effectiveness and Accra commitments

26 areas of intervention and 314 actions

Consistent with other policies/plans

The NFP Plan of Action (2008-15)

Emanates from wider participation and

consultative process

Target/result oriented

It is the result of a policy process started in 1999

The The PoAPoA ApproachApproach

Balance between short term (subsidies, safety nets, PFDS) and medium/long term (agricultural productivity, diversification, employment etc)

Increased climate risks

Sustained efforts towards better nutrition and health (diet diversification, food safety etc) as part of food utilization strategies

Development of effective Food security Information and Early Warning systems for informed policy-making and programming

The Monitoring Report 2009

Assess implementation progress:(a)NFP three core objectives(b)26 PoA areas of intervention

Monitoring the Monitoring the PoAPoA……

•Based on a “Roadmap” produced through consultation•Consultations of the Technical Teams on indicators, data etc. •Recent studies by Civil Society institutions

Prepared under Government leadership, with NFPCSP assistance

NFP NFP PoAPoA Monitoring Monitoring Institutional SettingInstitutional Setting

Food Planning and Monitoring Committee (FPMC)

Food Policy Working Group [12 member Interministerial Committee]

Supporting Professionals

Interministerial Committee]

Four Technical Teams (Availability, Social access, Economic access, Nutrition

Approved on 14 June 2010following:• the Food Security Investment Forum, May 26-27 2010 • extensive consultations within government and development

Country Investment PlanCountry Investment Plan

government and development partners•translation of the Plan of Action, relevant policy frameworks, six technical papers

Enabled Bangladesh to qualify as the first Asian country for US $ 52.5 million grant under the GAFSP

CIP Comprehensiveness….

• Integrated research and extension - focus on climate change

• Improved water management and irrigation

• Sustained agricultural inputs

• Fisheries development programme

• Livestock development programme

• Markets, agriculture value addition, non-farm income

CIP Comprehensiveness

• Capacity strengthening to formulate and implementfood policies and related investments

• Enhanced public food management systems

• Development of integrated multi year safety net programmeprogramme

• Community based nutrition activities through livelihood development

• Orientation of food and nutrition actions through information/data

• Food safety and quality improvement

CIP: Costs and Gaps (US$ million)

Prog. no Currently projected financing Total Cost Financing Gap

1 175 1,559 984

2 813 1,186 373

3 171 890 453

4 98 1,091 993

5 109 624 5155 109 624 515

6 560 1,082 522

7 24 107 83

8 359 625 266

9 435 1,665 1,230

10 230 1,254 1,024

11 0 50 50

12 11 187 176

Total 2,984 10,054 7,070

GoB efforts: Agriculture production

�Input support to farmers

�Reduced prices of non urea fertilizer

�Reduced price of diesel

�Increased electricity supply for irrigation

�Input availability made easierRecord harvests

�Input availability made easier

�Cards for direct subsidy provision

�Increased provision of credit

�Process made easier (at door steps)

�Bank account for farmers (at taka 10)

�Output price support increased: intervention buying

�Others: Piloted salinity resistant and short duration variety; Allocated fund for research

harvests

GoB efforts : Public Food Management

�Increased domestic Procurement of Food grain:From 1.34 MMT in 2008-09 to 1.6 MMT in 2009-10

�Increased size of Public distribution: 1.3 MMT in 2007-08 to 2.16 MMT in 2008-09 and 2.67 MMT in 2009-10 (budget)2009-10 (budget)

�Increased Safety Net Programs: from 2.6 % of GDP (in 2008-09) to 2.8% of GDP (in 2009-10)

�Initiative for increasing storage capacity: 2.2 MMT by next 3-4 years; 3.0 MMT by 2020

GoB efforts : Disaster

Management

�Paradigm shift: relief >> risk reduction >>development

��Policy and Planning ReformsPolicy and Planning Reforms:: NDMAP,NDMAP, Revised SoD, Draft DM Act, DM Corporate Plan, DRR in Dev. Planning; Comprehensive Disaster Management programme

��Strengthening DM and Risk Reduction CapacityStrengthening DM and Risk Reduction Capacity: : Learning and Learning and Development Strategy, Standardized toolDevelopment Strategy, Standardized tool--CRA Guidelines/ RRAPs, CRA Guidelines/ RRAPs, Development Strategy, Standardized toolDevelopment Strategy, Standardized tool--CRA Guidelines/ RRAPs, CRA Guidelines/ RRAPs, Strengthening DMIC & DMCsStrengthening DMIC & DMCs

��Nurturing partnershipNurturing partnership:: GOGO--NGO, GONGO, GO--DP, GODP, GO--PrivatePrivate

��Enhancing community level capacityEnhancing community level capacity

��Structural measuresStructural measures:: 2,023 cyclone shelters; 200 flood shelters; 2,023 cyclone shelters; 200 flood shelters; 4,000 km coastal embankment ; drainage channels 4,774 km4,000 km coastal embankment ; drainage channels 4,774 km

�� Non structural measuresNon structural measures:: Training and Awareness, Training and Awareness, Cyclone Preparedness Programme, Disaster volunteers

GoB efforts: Towards Nutrition

�Diversification of crop agriculture

��Fisheries and Livestock initiativesFisheries and Livestock initiatives

��Scale up nutrition programmesScale up nutrition programmes��Scale up nutrition programmesScale up nutrition programmes

��Improving health care/service deliveryImproving health care/service delivery

��Food safety initiativesFood safety initiatives

Lessons learnt…..

• Adequate availability of food is necessary but not sufficient, improving access through safety nets and PFDS needs to be strengthened

• Investment in multi sectoral/multi stakeholder consultative processconsultative process

• Knowledge based dialogue - key to improveddecision making and consensus building

• Policy and programming documents should be‘dynamic’

• Nationally owned Food Policy and Programming Frameworks –cornerstones for aligning investment planning

Lessons learnt-Global food crisis

Global Food Crisis 2007 & 2008Recent forecast of wheat production shortfall and

Russian ban in exports

•Added to volatility and uncertainty in imports•Increase and sustain domestic food production

through increased investment in agriculture•Strengthen Public Food Management capacity

•Improve regional and bilateral cooperation

Lessons learnt

• Investment planning to be followed up byproactive resource mobilization

• Institutional set up for co-ordination at policy,technical and operational levels

• Strengthening capacity of implementation is also• Strengthening capacity of implementation is alsonecessary alongside policy capacity

• Coordination among development partners isneeded for aligning with GoB priorities

• Technical assistance plays a significant role in building capacities for policy making and implementation

Way Forward….

• Translating the achievements needs more strategic multi-sectoral approach

• The National Food Policy and Plan of Actionprovide the reference policy framework for this provide the reference policy framework for this multi-sectoral approach

• The Country investment Plan serves as the framework for mobilizing additional resources in the context of renewed international commitmentto support food security, agriculture and nutrition.

Way Forward

• The challenge is to achieve development results by sustaining the commitment of all stakeholders at all stages of the policy process, implementation, monitoring and evaluation monitoring and evaluation

• Development partners need to align resource mobilisation with our country’s policies, priorities and institutional frameworks

• CFS can play a role in providing technical support for elaboration of investments, do advocacy for earning DPs support and assist fine tuning policies

Thank you all