Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
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Transcript of Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
-
8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
1/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 1/26
The EU Raw Materials Initiative
- Critical Raw Materials for the EU -
TransTrans--Atlantic WorkshopAtlantic Workshop
Rare Earth Elements and Other Critical Materials for a Clean Energy FutureBoston, 03 December 2010
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry Antje WittenbergMetals, Minerals, Raw Materials
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
2/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 2/26
Main challenges
EU highly dependent on imports ofimportant raw materials (metals and industrial
minerals) which are increasingly affected bymarket distortions
Still potential in Europe (self-sufficient supplyfor construction materials, potential for other raw
materials), but exploration and extraction
face ongoing increasing competition fordifferent land uses and a highly regulatedenvironment
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
3/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 3/26
The Raw Materials Initiative
Integrated strategybased on three pillars
Rightframework conditions
within the EU
in order to fostersustainable supply
from Europeansources
Ensuring access
to raw materials fromInternational Markets
under the
same conditions as otherindustrial competitors
Boostingresource efficiency
and recycling
to reduce the EU'sconsumption of
primary raw materials
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
4/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 4/26
Trade policy actions 1st pillar
Challenging unjustified trade distortive measures
Bilateral negotiations on export restrictions
Raising awareness
Trade Annual Activity Report 2009
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
5/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 5/26
Development policy 1st pillar
agreement African Union Commission / EuropeanCommission in Addis Ababa, June 2010, to launch a
bilateral co-operation in three areas:Governance
Infrastructure / investment
Geological knowledge / skills
Based on African Mining Visionand EU Raw Materials Initiative
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
6/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 6/26
Access to land 2nd pillar
Promote the exchange of best practice in
land use planning and administrativeconditions for exploration and extraction
Encourage better networking betweennational geological surveys to increase the
EU's knowledge base
Develop guidelines the compatibility between Natura
2000 and extractive activities
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
7/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 7/26
Promote research 2nd pillar
Under FP7 new funding opportunities haverecently been created for projects on:
Advanced underground technologies forintelligent mining
Substitution of critical raw materials
Coordination of activities in Member States in thearea of the industrial handling of raw material
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
8/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 8/26
Efficiency & recycling 3rd pillar
Huge potential of EUs Urban Mines
Tackle illegal shipment of waste to third
countries through a more harmonised
enforcement of Waste Shipment
Regulation
Develop best practices in the area of
collection and treatment of key waste
streams
Develop eco-design measures aimed at
fostering more efficient use of raw
materials in products
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
9/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 9/26
Increase resource efficiency 3rd pillar
The Commission plans to publish a Roadmap on how tomove towards a resource efficient Europe by summer
2011.
The roadmap will set out specific resource efficiency
objectives, and how to meet them, based on actions up to2020 with a time perspective of up to 2050.
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
10/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 10/26
Define critical raw materials
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
11/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 11/26
Methodology
41 raw materials analysed
Time horizon: 10 years
A pragmatic approach
Three main aggregated indicators
economic importance
supply risks environmental country risks
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
12/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 12/26
41 raw materials analysed
Aluminum Antimony Barytes Bauxite
Bentonite Beryllium Borates Chromium
Clays (incl. kaolin) Cobalt Copper Diatomite
Feldspar Fluorspar Gallium Germanium
Graphite Gypsum Indium Iron ore
Limestone Lithium Magnesite Magnesium
Manganese Molybdenum Nickel NiobiumPerlite Platinum Group Metals (PGMs)
Rare earths (REE) Rhenium Silica sand
Silver Talc Tantalum
Tellurium TitaniumTungsten Vanadium
Zinc
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
13/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 13/26
Economic importance
Importance for economic value chain andemerging (key) technologies
Renewable energy:solar cells, wind turbines
Energy efficiency:
hybrid and electric cars, LED lighting,batteries
Electronics:flat screens, mobile phones
Aerospace:light weight alloys
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
14/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 14/26
Emerging technologiesRawmaterial
Production2006 [t]
Demandemergingtech. 2006 [t]
Demandemergingtech. 2030 [t]
Demand/prod. 2006
Demand/prod. 2030
Factor
Gallium 152 28 603 0.18 3.97 22
Indium 581 234 1.911 0.40 3.29 8.2
Germanium 100 28 220 0.28 2.20 7.9
Neodymium 16.800 4.000 27.900 0.23 1.66 7.2
Platinum 255 very small 345 0 1.35
Tantalum 1.384 551 1.410 0.40 1.02 2.5
Silver 19.051 5.342 15.823 0.28 0.83 2.9
Cobalt 62.279 12.820 26.860 0.21 0.43 2.1
Palladium 267 23 77 0.09 0.29 3.2
Titanium 7.211.000 15.397 58.148 0.08 0.29 3.6
Copper 15.093.000 1.410.000 3.696.070 0.09 0.24 2.7
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
15/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 15/26
Emerging technologies (2)
Raw material Emerging technologies
Antimony Antimony-Tin-Oxide (~ In-Sn-O), micro capacitors
Cobalt Li-ion batteries, synthetic fuels
Gallium Semi-conductors, thin layer photovoltaics, IC,WLED
Germanium Fibre optic cable, IR optical technology
Indium Displays, thin layer photovoltaicsPlatinum (PGM) Fuel cells, catalysts
Palladium (PGM) Catalysts, seawater desalination
Niobium Micro capacitors, ferroalloysNeodymium (REE) Permanent magnets, laser technology
Tantalum Micro capacitors, medical technology
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
16/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 16/26
Critical raw materials
High supply risks
High share of the worldwide production
China (antimony, fluorspar, gallium, germanium, graphite, indium,magnesium, REE, tungsten)
Russia (PGM)
Congo (cobalt, tantalum)
Brazil (niobium, tantalum)
Low substitutability
REE, PGM
Low recycling rates
When used in very low concentrations
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
17/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 17/26
Environmental country risk
Ranking of eligible raw materials according to their environmental country risk
Rare
Earths
Antim
ony
Germ
aniu
Mag
nesiu
Galliu
m
Niobiu
m
Berylliu
m
Indium
Fluo
rspa
r
Grap
hite
Tungsten
PGM
Mag
nesite
Lith
ium
Chro
miu
Coba
lt
Vanadium
Borate
Bentonite
Iron
Tellu
riu
Alum
inu
Limestone
Nick
el
Silica-sand
Copp
erTitan
iu
Zinc
Tan
talu
m
Bauxite
Manganese
Molybde
nu
Rheniu
0,10 0,60 1,10 1,60 2,10 2,60 3,10 3,60 4,10
REE
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
18/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 18/26
Risk analysis
REELithium
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
19/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 19/26
Critical raw materials
Borate
Fluorspar
Gallium
Iron
Magnesium
PGM
Tellurium
Aluminum Bauxite
Antimony
Barytes
Bentonite
Beryllium
Chromium
Clays
Cobalt
Copper
Diatomite
Feldspar
Germanium
Graphite
Gypsum
Indium
Limestone
LithiumMagnesite
ManganeseMolybdenum
Nickel
Niobium
Perlite
Rare Earths
Rhenium
SilicaSilverTalc
Tantalum
Titanium
Tungsten
Zinc
Vanadium
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0
Economic Importance
Sup
plyRisk
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
20/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 20/26
14 critical raw materials
Graphite
Rare Earth Elements (REE)
Fluorspar
Platinum Group Metals (PGM)
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
21/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 21/26
Recommendations
Two types of recommendations
follow-up and further support
policy-oriented recommendations(areas where measures should be
undertaken)
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
22/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 22/26
Follow up and further support
Up-date the list every 5 years and enlarge thescope
Improve the availability and quality of statisticalinformation and prepare a Yearbook
Carry out further studies, e.g. competition to landuse, cradle-to-grave LCAs, emergingtechnologies
Establish a sub-group of the Raw Material SupplyGroup on criticality
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
23/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 23/26
Policy-oriented
Access to primary resources
Land use and permitting in the EU
Company exploration as research (fiscal issues)
Promote RTD
Promote good governance in developing countries
Trade and investment
Maintain and strengthen the EU trade policy, pursue dispute settlementin WTO, engage in consultations
Raise awareness in multilateral fora
A new EU-wide policy on foreign investment
Coherence of EU policies with respect to raw materials
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
24/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 24/26
Policy-oriented (2)
Recycling
Improve collection
Prevent illegal exports of End-of-Life products Promote research
Substitution Promote research
Material Efficiency Minimise the raw material used
Minimise raw material losses
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
25/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 25/26
The Raw Materials Initiative
Integrated strategy
based on three pillars
Rightframework conditions
within the EU
in order to fostersustainable supply
from Europeansources
Ensuring access
to raw materials fromInternational Markets
under the
same conditions as otherindustrial competitors
Boostingresource efficiency
and recycling
to reduce the EU'sconsumption of
primary raw materials
-
8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
26/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 26/26
Thank you for your attention !
References:
Report on critical raw materials:http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/critical/index_en.htm
Report on best practices in area of land use planning, permitting and geological knowledge:http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/sustainable-supply/index_en.htm
Natura 2000 guidelines:http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/management/guidance_en.htm
Trade raw materials activity report 2009:http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2010/june/tradoc_146207.pdf
Communication on the EU 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/pdf/innovation-union-communication_en.pdf
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
27/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 27/26
1,E+02
1,E+03
1,E+04
1,E+05
1,E+06
1,E+07
1,E+08
1,E+09
1,E+10
Crush
ed
sto
ne
Sand
s
Gravel
and
pebble
s
Lim
esto
nes
Monumen
tal
sto
neaggregate
s
Cla
ys
and
sh
ale
s
Dolo
mit
e
Calca
reous
massiv
es
tone
M
arble
and
travertin
e
Granit
Sand
sto
ne
Sla
te
M
arble
and
travertin
e
Natu
ralbit
umen
/a
sph
al
Granit
e
total
Sili
ca
sand
s
Gypsum
and
anh
yd
rite
Oth
erch
emic
aland
fertili
sermin
eral
Marble
aggregate
s
Kaoli
n
Ch
alk
Fir
ecla
y
Kaoli
nitic
cla
ys
Ab
rasiv
es
Bento
nit
e
Natu
ral
ph
osph
ate
s
Precio
us
/semi-
precio
usst
ones
(ecl.
ind
s.
dia
m
Precio
us
metals
total
Iron
(excl
.roasted
iron
pyrite
s)
Mix
tures
of
e.g
sla
g
Alu
miniu
m
Nick
el
U
nroasted
iron
pyrite
s
Lead
,zin
ca
nd
tin
Copper
Oth
ernon
-ferrous
meta
total
volume[kg]
1,E+02
1,E+03
1,E+04
1,E+05
1,E+06
1,E+07
1,E+08
value[tds.
]
volume [kg]
value [tds ]
NE Extractive Industry EU27
Construction Materials Industrial Minerals Metals
EU 2007, Eurostatlast up date 09/09/2010
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
28/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 28/26
Risk analysis
ZincClays
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8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
29/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 29/26
World Metal Price 1995-2010
6.08.2010
accident in asmall sizeCu-mine, Chile
-
8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
30/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 30/26
World Metal Price 1995-2010
-
8/4/2019 Session a2 Wit Ten Berg
31/31
European CommissionEnterprise and Industry
RMI | A. Wittenberg | 03.12.2010 | 31/26
R&D - preliminary findings