Session 6.5 chemicall attributes of silvopastoral systems brazilian savanna

Chemical attributes of a silvopastoralsystem with legume trees and signal grass in the Brazilian savanna

Oral presentationWorld Congress on Agroforestry – Delhi - India

2014Rodrigo Martins Alves de Mendonça

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - BRAZIL

INTRODUCTION

South America

Brazil

• 204 million ha• ~67% of the land area of India• 55% of natural vegetation

substituted by agriculture and pastures (Sano et al., 2008)

BRAZILIAN SAVANNAH “CERRADO”

Source: Woods Hole R.C. (2013)

Total production of Brazil

• 40% of cattle and soybean;• 20% of rice, corn and coffee• 10% of beans, sugarcane

and cassava(Martha Junior & Vilela 2002)

The “Cerrado”

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Climatology

1,471 mm 15.1oC 27.9 oC

35.3 ha

26.5 ha

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11

SILVOPASTURE

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Pterodonemarginatus

Urochloabrizantha

1216/9/2013

SILVOPASTURE

1319/2/2014

CONTROL AREA

Table 2: Average values of chemical attributes on a silvopasture system (SP) and open pasture control area (CT), up to 140 cm deep

Depth

cm

SP CT SP CT SP CT SP CT SP CT SP CT

-10 0.26 aB 0.55 aA 0.12 aB 0.30 aA 0.07 0.09 0.08 a 0.86 0.55 0.72 a 5.84 3.48 9.70 21.37 14.89 a

-20 0.12 bB 0.25 bA 0.10 a 0.13 ab 0.07 0.06 0.07 a 0.84 0.60 0.73 a 5.60 3.85 6.12 10.33 7.99 b

-40 0.20 abA 0.20 bA 0.04 ab 0.10 abc 0.04 0.04 0.04 b 0.74 0.48 0.62 a 5.40 3.38 6.68 9.27 7.83 b

-100 0.16 abA 0.18 bA 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.02 0.02 0.02 c 0.46 0.28 0.38 b 4.58 2.60 4.46 7.52 5.82 b

-140 0.12 bA 0.15 bA 0.00 b 0.03 bc 0.01 0.01 0.01 d 0.38 0.05 0.23 b 4.22 2.08 3.44 8.60 5.73 b

Systems

BS

%

H+AlK AlCa Mg

Systems Systems

cmolc (dm3)-1

Averages followed by different lowercase letters in the lines are different among depths (p<0.05 Tukey Test)Averages followed by different capital letters in the columns, are different among treatments (p<0.05 Tukey Test)

Results of soil chemical analysis


Depth

cm


-10 0.26 aB 0.55 aA 0.12 aB 0.30 aA 0.07 0.09 0.08 a 0.86 0.55 0.72 a 5.84 3.48 9.70 21.37 14.89 a

-20 0.12 bB 0.25 bA 0.10 a 0.13 ab 0.07 0.06 0.07 a 0.84 0.60 0.73 a 5.60 3.85 6.12 10.33 7.99 b

-40 0.20 abA 0.20 bA 0.04 ab 0.10 abc 0.04 0.04 0.04 b 0.74 0.48 0.62 a 5.40 3.38 6.68 9.27 7.83 b

-100 0.16 abA 0.18 bA 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.02 0.02 0.02 c 0.46 0.28 0.38 b 4.58 2.60 4.46 7.52 5.82 b

-140 0.12 bA 0.15 bA 0.00 b 0.03 bc 0.01 0.01 0.01 d 0.38 0.05 0.23 b 4.22 2.08 3.44 8.60 5.73 b

Systems

BS

%

H+AlK AlCa Mg

Systems Systems

cmolc (dm3)-1

Less than half


Depth

cm


-10 0.26 aB 0.55 aA 0.12 aB 0.30 aA 0.07 0.09 0.08 a 0.86 0.55 0.72 a 5.84 3.48 9.70 21.37 14.89 a

-20 0.12 bB 0.25 bA 0.10 a 0.13 ab 0.07 0.06 0.07 a 0.84 0.60 0.73 a 5.60 3.85 6.12 10.33 7.99 b

-40 0.20 abA 0.20 bA 0.04 ab 0.10 abc 0.04 0.04 0.04 b 0.74 0.48 0.62 a 5.40 3.38 6.68 9.27 7.83 b

-100 0.16 abA 0.18 bA 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.02 0.02 0.02 c 0.46 0.28 0.38 b 4.58 2.60 4.46 7.52 5.82 b

-140 0.12 bA 0.15 bA 0.00 b 0.03 bc 0.01 0.01 0.01 d 0.38 0.05 0.23 b 4.22 2.08 3.44 8.60 5.73 b

Systems

BS

%

H+AlK AlCa Mg

Systems Systems

cmolc (dm3)-1


Depth

cm


-10 0.26 aB 0.55 aA 0.12 aB 0.30 aA 0.07 0.09 0.08 a 0.86 0.55 0.72 a 5.84 3.48 9.70 21.37 14.89 a

-20 0.12 bB 0.25 bA 0.10 a 0.13 ab 0.07 0.06 0.07 a 0.84 0.60 0.73 a 5.60 3.85 6.12 10.33 7.99 b

-40 0.20 abA 0.20 bA 0.04 ab 0.10 abc 0.04 0.04 0.04 b 0.74 0.48 0.62 a 5.40 3.38 6.68 9.27 7.83 b

-100 0.16 abA 0.18 bA 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.02 0.02 0.02 c 0.46 0.28 0.38 b 4.58 2.60 4.46 7.52 5.82 b

-140 0.12 bA 0.15 bA 0.00 b 0.03 bc 0.01 0.01 0.01 d 0.38 0.05 0.23 b 4.22 2.08 3.44 8.60 5.73 b

Systems

BS

%

H+AlK AlCa Mg

Systems Systems

cmolc (dm3)-1

One third

• K, Al, B, Zn and Base Saturation did not differ among systems but decreased with depth;


Depth

cm

SP CT SP CT SP CT SP CT SP CT

-10 1.10 0.67 0.91 a 130.80 72.00 3.44 a 0.11 0.07 3.44 a 2.02 2.88 0.32 0.33 3.44 a

-20 1.04 0.55 0.82 a 77.60 44.00 2.54 b 0.11 0.07 2.54 a 1.30 1.68 0.22 0.15 2.54 b

-40 0.86 0.40 0.66 bc 56.20 28.50 2.20 c 0.09 0.05 2.20 ab 1.12 1.35 0.20 0.13 2.20 b

-100 0.68 0.30 0.51 c 29.20 13.50 1.64 d 0.05 0.06 1.64 b 0.82 0.80 0.12 0.10 1.64 b

-140 0.46 0.28 0.38 c 17.40 8.75 1.23 e 0.05 0.06 1.23 b 0.82 0.65 0.12 0.15 1.23 b

All depths 0.83 A 0.44 B 62.24 A 33.35 B

Systems

Cu Fe B ZnMn

Systems Systems

mg (dm3)-1

Systems



RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONDepth

cm


-10 4.88 5.08 0.76 0.85 0.80 a 5.00 3.75 4.44 a 2.07 1.90 2.00 a 3.58 3.27 3.44 a

-20 4.90 5.02 0.44 0.53 0.48 b 3.80 4.25 4.00 ab 1.60 1.32 1.48 b 2.76 2.28 2.54 b

-40 4.84 5.15 0.38 0.33 0.36 bc 4.00 2.75 3.44 ab 1.42 1.10 1.28 c 2.44 1.90 2.20 c

-100 4.96 5.20 0.32 0.25 0.29 c 4.20 2.75 3.56 ab 1.08 0.80 0.95 d 1.86 1.38 1.64 d

-140 5.02 5.28 0.30 0.28 0.29 c 3.20 2.50 2.89 b 0.83 0.56 0.71 e 1.44 0.97 1.23 e

All depths 4.92 B 5.15 A 1.40 A 1.14 B 2.42 A 1.96 B

Water pH

mg (dm3)-1

P S

Systems Systems

OMOC

Systems Systems

dag kg-1


RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONDepth

cm


-10 4.88 5.08 0.76 0.85 0.80 a 5.00 3.75 4.44 a 2.07 1.90 2.00 a 3.58 3.27 3.44 a

-20 4.90 5.02 0.44 0.53 0.48 b 3.80 4.25 4.00 ab 1.60 1.32 1.48 b 2.76 2.28 2.54 b

-40 4.84 5.15 0.38 0.33 0.36 bc 4.00 2.75 3.44 ab 1.42 1.10 1.28 c 2.44 1.90 2.20 c

-100 4.96 5.20 0.32 0.25 0.29 c 4.20 2.75 3.56 ab 1.08 0.80 0.95 d 1.86 1.38 1.64 d

-140 5.02 5.28 0.30 0.28 0.29 c 3.20 2.50 2.89 b 0.83 0.56 0.71 e 1.44 0.97 1.23 e

All depths 4.92 B 5.15 A 1.40 A 1.14 B 2.42 A 1.96 B

Water pH

mg (dm3)-1

P S

Systems Systems

OMOC

Systems Systems

dag kg-1SP CT

2.07 1.90 2.00 a

1.60 1.32 1.48 b

1.42 1.10 1.28 c

1.08 0.80 0.95 d

0.83 0.56 0.71 e

1.40 A 1.14 B

OC

dag kg-1

Systems

23%

-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20

Depthcm

Organic Carbon dag kg-1

CT

SP

CONCLUSIONS

• The Cerrado tree, Pterodonemarginatus, in SPS, extracted more Ca and Mg from 0-20 cm layers than pasture alone.

• Fertilization of SPS might increase the pasture production up to the light limit.

...CONCLUSIONS

• SPS had higher levels of organic carbon and organic matter;

• Organic carbon increased soil equilibrium fertility and captured and sequestered carbon from atmosphere.

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THANK YOU!

ACKNOWLEGMENTS• Amilton Naves, the owner of the farm where the

experiment took place;• Colegiado do Programa de Pós-graduação em

Zootecnia da Escola de Veterinaria da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, which financed the participation in the congress;

• Prof. PK Nair, Prof. Vimala Nair and Gregory Toth who exchanged knowledge at University of Florida;

• Laboratorio de Analise de Solos e Calcarios da Universidade Federal de Uberlandia

• CAPES, Exagro, Cnpq

Session 6.5 chemicall attributes of silvopastoral systems brazilian savanna

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Transcript of Session 6.5 chemicall attributes of silvopastoral systems brazilian savanna