Session 5 :E-PRTR

QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSESSMENT

Iksan van der Putte

E-PRTR Regulation (EC 166/2006)

Quality assuranceOperators are responsible for the quality of the information that they report.

•completeness,

•consistency

•credibility

E-PRTR data inclusion in

EMAS or ISO 14001 is possible

Competent authorities have to assess quality and Commission coordinates quality assurance and assessment

ValidationTool ?

The Commission will deliver an appropriate validation tool in due time

to the Member Statesin order to facilitate the transfer of the data.

Credibility

Credibility refers to the authenticity, reliability, comparibility and transparency of the data

The competent authorities have the duty to assess the quality of information provided by the operators

In order to ensure the quality of the data reported, facilities may wish to take the information provided in the IPPC monitoring BREF into account

IPPC Monitoring BREFThe main quality considerations may include: •Traceability of the measurements’ results to a reference specified by the competentauthorities, this includes calibration of the monitoring system when relevant. •Maintenance of the monitoring system. •For self-monitoring, the use of recognised Quality Management Systems and periodic checks by an external Accredited laboratory. •Certification of instruments and personnel under recognised certification schemes. •Updating of monitoring requirements

Monitoring data production chain

consists of the following seven steps:

1. Flow measurement.2. Sampling.3. Storage, transport and preservation of the sample.4. Sample treatment.5. Sample analysis.6. Data processing.7. Reporting of data.The practical value of the measurements and the monitoring data depends on the degree of confidence, i.e. reliability, that can be placed on the results, and their validity when compared to other results from other plants, i.e. comparability. Therefore, it is important to ensure theappropriate reliability and comparability of the data.

Shematic of quality of emission data

DATA VERIFICATION/Validation/Management

Ref. MonitoringAnalyze duplicate or split samplesInspecting the laboratories that are analyzing samplesInspecting the regulated entities, including their sampling and analyzingproceduresRandom, unprogrammed check monitoring

Data Management: electronic or hard copy filing

Competent authorities have to assess quality……..

R

Ref. ReportingTimelinessUniformity formatCompletenessReliability

Reporting Information Flow

Monitoring

RIEW

EC Commission

RIEW

Annual report

(aggregated)

BEEA

Annual report

(aggregated)

Commission IPPC review

EIONet

EPER/PRTR

Art 15.3 IPPC

Art 7 PRTR

Enterprise

annual report

(detailed)

Non IPPC

Registration

Ambient Monitoring

ExEA

MOEW

EC

database

Art 16.1+3

EEA

Example Bulgaria

RIEW: Regional Inspectorate for Environment and WaterMOEW: Ministry of Environment and WaterExEA: Executive Environment Agency; EEA: European Environment Agency

• An intelligent form (100+ pages)

– Many checks and balances

The e-MJV system: ELECTRONIC ANNUAL REPORTING

• A central database with the historical and new data

• A web-site (public and non-public part) to:

– Give user support (additional helpdesk)

– Reporting of data (to spreadsheets)

– Reporting of status information

Example the NETHERLANDS

Technology used • Disconnected tax-form

– Visual Basic application on CD or download

• Synchronising via internet

– XML, Soap toolkit, 128 bit encryption, SSL

• Oracle database

– Hosting in subnet, at least three components (firewalls) between internet and the (Oracle) database

• Authentication via login, password and pin-code

– (ldap) Verisign certification (comparable with financial transactions)

Example the NETHERLANDS: Electr. Ann. Rep.

Data layer

Www.rivm.mnp.nlI-Planet ent. Webserver

HP UX

DotNet + IIS

Internet

Presentation layer

Oracle DBMS

The four components of the Dutch Environmental eMJV)The four components of the Dutch Environmental eMJV)The four components of the Dutch Environmental eMJV)The four components of the Dutch Environmental eMJV)

Application layer

Company (700 in the Netherlands),• Receives CD with a Visual Basic application• Receives a letter with username, password, pincode • After installing the application connects with the central database• Receives the historical data • Uses the VB-application to fills in the form• Sends the current year to the central database

128 bit SSL, HTTPS

128 bit SSL, HTTPS, SOAP, XML

Oracleopslag

(Local) authorities and supporting organisations (200 in the Netherlands)• Receives CD with a Visual Basic application, an username, password, pincode • After installing this application connects with the central database• Receives the historical data and the forms of this year of the companies under their authority• Use the same VB-application to judge the information, they can approve, ask for changes etc.• All communications goes via the central database

1. A Visual Basic client applicationcommunicating directlywith the central database

2. Web-services(for non anonymous use) and a central database

3. A non anonymous secure website

128 bit SSL, HTTPS, SOAP, XML

For reporting, status information, Up- and downloads of XML files and CSV-files, FAQ list

4. A public website

For general informationInternet

Internet

HTTP

Example the NETHERLANDS: Electr. Ann. Rep./ eMJV)

Win 2000

Storage

Physical infrastructure

Identification & Authentication

Blue

Blackt

Red

UNIX

Reverse Proxy

(iChain)

LDAP

Data layer

Www.rivm.mnp.nlI-Planet ent. Webserver

HP UX

www.emjv.nl/beveiligd DotNet

+ IIS

Internet

Presentation layer

Oracle DBMS

ICT architectuur of the Dutch Environmental eMJVICT architectuur of the Dutch Environmental eMJVICT architectuur of the Dutch Environmental eMJVICT architectuur of the Dutch Environmental eMJV

Non-anonymous internet zone

Application layerCisco PIX firewall • IP filtering

Tunix firewall•application filtering (HTTP)•application logging•anti spoofing mechanisme•loggen of source-routed pakketten

Companies,(Local) authorities,supporting organisations

FO/ I,Deloitte & Touche

HTTP HTTP

HTTP

SSL, HTTP

SSL

HTTP

PIX firewall

VPN,LDAP authorisation

www.rivm.nlIplanet ent. webserver

SUN/UX

Oracle

•Caching•SSL en/decoding•Tokens / certif.

Cisco PIX firewall • IP filtering•only known ports

For authentication

Monitoring and Reporting (M&R) principles under EU ETS scheme

Completeness (all sources in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC)Consistency (comparable over time;same methods)Cost effectiveness (highest achievable accuracy, no excessive costs)

Faithfulness (verified emission report is true in what it should represent)Improvement of performance in monitoring and reporting emissions

(Verified emission report should lead to better performance in M&R)Transparency (in obtaining, recording, compiling,analysing and

documenting of data for verifier and CA)Trueness (with appropriate monitoring methodologies and assessment

of uncertainties)

Example ETS enforcement system in the Netherlands

MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY

6.5 mg/Nm3 alone gives no indication of the range of possible concentrations.

6.5 ± 0.3mg/Nm3 clearly defines the range of possible concentrations.

the “true” concentration would be likely to lie within the range 6.2 – 6.8 mg/Nm3 with a defined degree of confidence, typically 95% for which it can be assumed that 95times out of 100 the result would be within those bounds

LCP Directive ANNEX VIII- Methods of measurements of emissions

From 27 November 2002 and without prejudice to Article 18(2)Competent authorities shall require continuous measurements of concentrations of SO2, NOx, and dust from waste gases from each combustionplant with a rated thermal input of 100 MW or more.

QUALITY

The values of the 95 % confidence intervals of a single measured resultshall not exceed the following percentages of the emission limit values:Sulphur dioxide 20 %Nitrogen oxides 20 %Dust 30 %

Any day in which more than three hourly average values are invalid dueto malfunction or maintenance of the continuous measurement systemshall be invalidated. If more than ten days over a year are invalidatedfor such situations the competent authority shall require the operator totake adequate measures to improve the reliability of the continuous monitoringsystem.

ANNEX VIII A.6

Directives: LCPD, WIDThe Directives define the requirements for monitoring of large combustion plant and waste incineration plant.

The directives place requirements on the use of CENstandard methods where these exist.

If relevant CEN standards do not exist then a hierarchy of standards may be used, with preference for ISO or other Internationally recognised standards, followed by National Standards, such as those produced byBSI, VDI, ASTM or the US EPA, and finally other methods

Standard Reference Methods for Monitoring

Standard reference methods have been developed by CEN and ISO, which addressall of the determinants covered by the LCDP and WID. These include

Particulates (Total dust)Low levels < 50 mg/m3 EN 13284-1High levels > 50 mg/m3 ISO 9096Nitrogen oxides EN 14792Carbon monoxide EN 15058Sulphur dioxide EN 14791Total organic carbon EN 12619Hydrogen chloride EN 1911Hydrogen fluoride ISO 15713Oxygen EN 14789Water vapour EN 14790

Standard Reference ConditionsOxygenThe combustion of a carbon-based fuel consumes oxygen. The 21% oxygen content present in the combustion air that is fed to a furnace will be depleted to some lower level in the exhaust gas. The interpretation clause of IPPC licenses typically require emission data to be reported at reference oxygen conditions that are defined according the fuel type, for example:_ Gas and liquid fuels 3% ref O2_ Solid fuels 6% ref O2_ Waste incineration 11% ref O2_ Other fuels (e.g. fume thermal oxidiser):- The application of reference oxygenconditions will be determined on a case-by-case basis.

_ Emissions from all sources: Temperature 273.15K, Pressure 101.325kPa

CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMSCEMS SYSTEMS

Continuous Emission Monitoring System consists of:

1. system for automatic measuring

systems for measuring and monitoring

AMS – Automated Measuring System

2. system for automatic evaluation

systems for the calculation of emissions

AES – Automated Evaluation System

AMS

AES

Data

Ref.Dr. Jurij Čretnik, RACI d.o.o., SLOVENIAEnergy Community Treaty to SEE Kosovo Seminar 2006

EU DIRECTIVES REQUIRE UNIFORM OPERATIONAL MONITORING INSIDE THE EU

for Automated Measuring Systems requirements are very complex

selection of AMS is left to the user existing level of AMS in EU, and also inside the EU

member states, is very different to improve and to uniform the emission measuring inside

EU, CEN has prepared and published a new standard: EN 14181:2004 Stationary source emissions,

Quality assurance of automated measuring systems.

induced by: EU directive 2001/80/EC: On the limitation of emissions of certain

pollutants into the air from large combustion plants - LCPD EU directive 2000/76/EC: On the incineration of waste - WID

EN 14181 IS EUROPEAN QA STANDARD

FOR AUTOMATIC MEASURING EQUIPMENT

EN 14181 defines three so called quality assurance levels (QAL) andan annual surveillance test (AST) for automatic emission monitors:

QAL 1: Requirement for use of automatic measuring equipment thathas had its suitability tested (The QAL 1 test complies with EN ISO 14956);

QAL 2: Installation of automatic measuring device (AMS),calibration of AMS using the standard reference measuring method (SRM), determination of measuring uncertainty/variability of AMS andcheck for observance of present measuring uncertainties;

QAL 3: Continuous quality assurance by the operator(drift and precision of the AMS, verification on control card);

AST: Annual surveillance test including SRM measurementto check the uncertainty of the AMS values.

EN 14181 FOUR LEVELS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE

Level Application Data required

QAL 1

Suitability of equipment Performance evaluations Uncertainty calculations

QAL 2

Correctly installed, calibrated and functional

Reference tests Functionality checks Calibration function Variability test Uncertainty calculations

QAL 3

Stability of performance Zero drift Span drift

AST Annual calibration and functionality test

see QAL 2 “small” calibration

EN 14181SIMPLIFIED

QAL 3

AST

SuitabilityTest

InstallationCalibration

Continuous Testing

Producer Operator Operator

QAL 1 QAL 2 Annual Testing

EN 14181 SIMPLIFIED 2

QAL 3

InstrumentCertification

Calibration On-going QAZero and Span

Time

QAL 2QAL 1

PurchaseInstallation

Linearity CheckCalibration Check

AST

1 YearEN 14956

prEN 15267-3Certification

of AMS

Illustration of ranges appropriate for QAL1 testing.

CEMS SYSTEM IN TE-TOL, SLOVENIATERMOELEKTRARNA TOPLARNA LJUBLJANA

PROFIBUSSTANDARD CABLE

OPTICAL LINK250 m

REMOTE WORKPLACE

PC WITH EMIDATEREMOTE

MODEM

PROFIBUSSTANDARD CABLE

PHONE LINE

LABORATORY KPV

PROFIBUSSTANDARD CABLE

200 m

INTERNET-LINK

LOCATION:DIMNIK

ET 200M

DATA ACQUISITION

OLM

AMS 1

LOCATION:K3

ET 200M

DATA ACQUISITION

AMS 2

LOCATION:K1,K2

ET 200M

DATA ACQUISITION

AMS 3

LOCATION:VKLM1,VKLM2,BKG1,BKG2

ET 200M

DATA ACQUISITION

EXPANSION POSSIBLE

OLM

PC WITH EMIDATESERVER

MODEM

ROOM 111

PC WITH EMIDATECLIENT

ETHERNET

COMMAND ROOM

TES – SYSTEM TETOL

ETHERNET

EXPANSION POSSIBLE

DISPLAY Šubičeva ulica, LJUBLJANA

DISPLAY Zaloška cesta, LJUBLJANA

30 m

www.te-tol.si/zacetek.htm

Ref.Dr. Jurij Čretnik, RACI d.o.o., SLOVENIAEnergy Community Treaty to SEE Kosovo Seminar 2006

Chemiluminescence Analysers

Chemiluminescence is the emission of lightenergy that results from a chemical reaction.It was found in the late 1960s that thereaction of NO and ozone (O3) producedinfrared radiation from about 500 to 3000nm.Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) does not undergothis reaction and must be reduced to NObefore it can be measured by this method.

Most commercial analysers contain aconverter that catalytically reduces NO2 toNO. The NO (converted from NO2) plus theoriginal NO in the sample is then reactedwith O3 as described above to give a totalNO + NO2 (NOx) reading.

Surrogate parameters for checking monitoring systems

(b) qualitative surrogatesthe temperature of the combustion chamber of a thermal incinerator and the residence time (or flow rate)- the temperature of the catalyst in a catalytic incinerator-the measurement of CO or total VOC of the flue gas from an incinerator

(c) indicative surrogates.temperature of the gas flow from a condenser-pressure drop, flow rate, pH and humidity of a compost filtration unit- pressure drop and visual inspection of a fabric filter