Session 3: Audio editing, Hardware, &...

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Session 3: Session 3: Audio editing, Audio editing, Hardware, & time-linkingHardware, & time-linking

University of California at Santa Barbara, June 24-27, 2008

Arienne M. DwyerUniversity of Kansas

Yoshi OnoUniversity of Alberta

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008

Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking

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Overview

I. Homework & Session 2 recap Editing in Audacity: chopping, looping ... File naming

II. Analog capture (review) III. Hardware (part 2)

recording devices microphone types and placement

IV. Time-linking + Analysis: Transcriber

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Audio editing Homework from yesterday

From your recording, chop the following: Two whole utterances Any two words from these utterances Any two sounds

Save each of these with systematic names e.g. if the original full-length recording file is called

SA001.wav or SA25Jun08.wav, then.... How to name the utterances, words, & sounds? ISO 639-3 codes (3 letter universal lang codes)

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Exercise on systematic file naming

File name should be unique Should be compact yet explanatory

Language code Date Other information (recordist or speaker, etc.)

Should indicate if it’s a part of another audio file (e.g. with ...a, b, c.wav or a timecode)

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Cutting utterances, words, and sounds:

Use icons or the following shortcuts Cntrl-X [cut] or Cntrl-C [copy] File-New, Cntrl-V [paste] then save under a new name Other: Cntrl-t [Trim, removes material outside

the selection]; Undo; Trim Silence selection (e.g. to remove a long pause or goat noises from recording); Zoom (+/-) on magnifying glass icon; Loop [Shift-Play]

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Tips

Pause, amplitude, length Weak signal, clipping, white noise Utterance boundaries may have long pauses sonorants have big, fat waveforms, esp

vowels

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Analog capture review

Attach sound card to laptop & player Open audio editing software (e.g. Audacity) Testing: Adjust & monitor the recording level (Troubleshoot computer’s audio settings); rewind audio to

start Capture (while wearing headphones): (1) On player, press Pause & Play(2) In editing software, push the record & pause buttons(3) Release both pauses and let ‘er rip! Monitor levels(4) Stop software, and save.

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Analog capture review

If you have... Reel-to-reel tapes >> bring to professional Cassettes >> professional or d.i.y.

Professional: usually expensive but quality Do-it-yourself

Need cassette player, cable, linear sound card, Audacity Laptop capture (via external card) Desktop capture (via internal or ext. card)

Do not use the built-in sound card of the desktop! Either have a linear sound card built in, or Attach an external sound card to your desktop

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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III. Hardware

Device & technique overview, part 2 Recording devices Microphone types Microphone placement

All of this (and more) is on the handout

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Lossless digital devices (1)

Recommend devices: solid-state recorders Edirol R09(HR) Marantz PMD660: reliable but must change factory defaults to wav & turn off automatic level control and internal mic

Samson Zoom H4ok but sl. noisy & difficult controls (not really recommended: M-audio)ok but non-replaceable battery

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Recommended Devices (2)

New solid-state recorders which look good, but we haven’t tested them

Marantz PMD 620 Sony PCM D50 Olympus LS-10 Tascam DR-1 Fostex FR2 LE

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Other digital recorders (Less recommended)

DAT recorders – great quality, but capture is time-consuming and will soon be obsolete Capture: digital out + special cable(if Sony, need optical cable)

mp3 - designed for putting music in Capture: must have a digital out to be at all useful iPod, Zune, many small music players

Also Minidisc

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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mp3 devices (cont’d): iPods

Older models recorded at 8 kHz. Newer models (in the last 9 months) can

indeed record stereo 16bit/44.1kHz audio iPod Classic & earlier hard drive-based iPod iPod Video (=Gen 5)

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Obsolete Recording Devices

Obsolete: reel-to-reel

Obsolete, except when there’s no alternative: analog cassette recorder

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Microphones: Characteristics

Mono vs. Stereo Mono: one channel Stereo: two, from stereo mike or two mono mikes

Dynamic (does not need power, durable, good for loudness)

Condenser (needs power, more sensitive) Battery; plug-in power from device; phantom power (XLR) Pickup pattern

Omnidirectional (sound from most all directions) Directional (picks up sound from one main direction)

Cardioid, hypercardioid (heart-shaped pickup)

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Some common mics

Shotgun (US$50-$3000 and up)A highly-directive microphone with a narrow elliptical pattern and

extremely reduced pickup from the sides and rear. Lavalier (clip-on) ($100-350)A miniature microphone that is usually worn fastened to clothing

somewhere near the user's mouth. Also referred to as a lapel (or clip-on) microphone. But so-so sound

Headset mics ($60 and up) Advantages: Makes excellent quality recordings, as it follows the

speaker's movements Disadvantages: Can seem invasive for speakers

Boundary (not usually used for linguistics; can be good for people sitting around a table)

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Microphone pickup characteristics

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Mic pickup patterns

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Shotgun microphones: uses

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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“Fur” windscreen

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Microphone techniques

Site assessment (in advance) - acoustics Turn off TVs, fans, florescent lights, fridges, clocks that ring or tick

loudly, cell phones If boisterous, you could hang a mic from a rafter with a long cable

If the room echoes, hang cloth on wall Using one microphone (and in general)

Keep mics close to speaker/singer Use foam filter to prevent pops from mouth Use “fur” filter for windy conditions Avoid placing mic directly on hard surface

Use a tripod and/or put cloth or towel on table

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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IV. Audio Analysis

Annotation software: Transcriber and other tools Basics; Analytic methods; Export methods Hands-on practice, including bringing

transcriptions into another piece of software (e.g. MS-Word, Excel, etc).

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Types of Software

Audio editing Audio analysis

Acoustic (e.g. phonetic) analysis - Spectrogram, f0, intensity

Time-linking + annotation (audio only) Time-linking + annotation (audio + video)

Consider: Proprietary ($$, code is business secret) vs. non-proprietary (usually free, open source); platform

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Audio Editing Software

Non-Proprietary (shareware, freeware) Audacity, Goldwave, SoundEdit.......

Proprietary (can be exp., but greater functionality) SoundForge, Cold Fusion...

Proprietary (but often bundled w/DVD drive) WaveLabLite, ....

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Audio analysis software

Acoustic analysis (e.g. for phonetics) Praat - also allows light editing & some

programming (taught in this workshop) WinPitch

Time-linking + annotation (audio) – Transcriber (taught in this workshop) SoundIndex, ...

Time-linking + annotation (audio + video) ELAN (taught here), Eclipse, EXMARALDA

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Transcriber

Advantages: stable, easy, for whole sessions Disadvantages: one annotation tier only; Mac

version not very good

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Transcriber: Settings

Open Transcriber & one of your audio filesText window: Topic/Session; Speaker; TurnAudio window: controls, waveform, trsJumps to audio+transcription at cursor [play]

Settings: encoding & fonts Options – General – Encoding – UTF-8 (usually)

Options – Events – Fonts – Text – ArUnicode Options – Save Configuration

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Encoding problems in Western Latin (instead: set Options – General – UTF-8)

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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What can you do with Transcriber?

Time-aligned text in any (L-to-R?) encoding; Extra/Para-linguistic features (laughter;

codeswitching) Latin-script example CJK (Asian character) example

Speech overlap (mostly) English-language example

...demo...

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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Exercise

Transcribe your own short recording: Open a new transcription (File – New) Open audio (Cntrl-A or File-Open Audio) Fill in the headers by clicking on them:

Report (=topic); Speaker (name or code) Listen to first unit (phrase or utterance) Stop cursor with [Tab], and type after green dot; then (with cursor at end of text line) hit [Enter]

Save your transcription file (...trs).

June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008


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So...

If you have time, Practice annotating in Transcriber

(non-keyboard characters must be pasted from another program)

Zoom is “Resolution” (Alt-9=higher, Alt-0=low) Practice chopping with Audacity

Session 3: Audio editing, Hardware, &...

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