Session 24 ic2011 nyrud
-
Upload
forest-products-society -
Category
Business
-
view
374 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Session 24 ic2011 nyrud
Health benefits from wood
interiors in hospitals
Forest Products Society 65th International Convention
Anders Q. Nyrud
Norsk Treteknisk Institutt, www.treteknisk.no
Anders Q. Nyrud
Norwegian Institute of Wood Technolohy
Tina Bringslimark
Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Introduction
Wood is:
• A natural building material
• Used in many cultures
SpainUK
Australia
GermanyChileUSA
NorwayAustria
CanadaSwedenFinland
Research project:
Beneficial effects ofinterior wood use
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
India
ChinaSouth Africa
Russia
BrazilMalaysia
Japan
ItalyFrance
The Nederlands
Spain
cubic metrers/capita
Apparent consumption of sawn woodand wood based panels, 2005
Raulandstua ca 1300 Systemhus 2010Systemhus 2010
Background
Psychological Effects of Wood Used in the Indoor Settings
• Beneficial psychological effects
How does nature and nature
elements affect us?
Nature
• Wilderness, natural landscapes, parks, gardens
• Elements of nature in built settings, window built settings, window views to nature
Beneficial effect
• Stress-reduction
• More positive feelings
• Faster mental recovery
• Decline in subjective feelings of pain
Preferences: What we like
may be good for us
• Preference studies represent an early empirical approach to the study of the human-nature relationship.
• Many of these studies assumed that what people like in environments reflect on people like in environments reflect on conditions important for health and well-being.
• In general people prefer natural settings over urban settings, and settings with some elements of nature are preferred over settings without nature elements.
Roger S. Ulrich, 1984
Three studies
Focus groups
• How do people view building materials and perceive indoor environments?
Web-surveyWeb-survey
• Preferences for wood in patient rooms
Material use in hospitals
• How elements of nature affect patients
Focus Groups
Topic: Building materials and the experience ofindoor environment
• Focus group analysis (structured discussionwithin a group of people)within a group of people)
• Commonly used in sociology and marketing
• Testing of concepts, experiences and attitudes
• Conducted in cooperation with StatisticsNorway
Results
• Variation and contrasts in material perceived as positive
• Material combinations should ensure variety (complexity), and constitute a whole
• Desire to personalize the indoor environment• Desire to personalize the indoor environment
• Durability, hygeiene
• Non-Scandinavians were overwhelmed by the use of wood: Different opinions on where wood can be used
Web-survey
• 10 data-manipulated pictures of a patient room with different degrees of wood on a continuum from no wood to all wood.
• The pictures where shown in a random fashion
Measures
• 12 adjectives describing the room: Pleasant, Nice, Boring, Pure Style, Airy, Masculine, Expensive, Modern, Ordinary, Natural, Calming and Secure.
• Three preference questions:• Three preference questions:
• ”I like the interior in this patient room”
• ”The interior is well suited for a patient room”
• ”I would like to work in this room”
Preferences for different degrees of wood in
patient rooms
Rated as most
• Pleasant
• Nice
• Natural
•
13
• Calming
• Secure
Rated as least
• Boring
The most preferred room
M=4.16 , SD=1.85
Preferences for different degrees of wood in
patient rooms
Rated as most:
• Boring
• Ordinary
14
Rated as least
• Expensive
The second least preferred room
M=3.20*, SD=1.93
*Significant P < .001
Preferences for different degrees of wood in
patient rooms
Rated as most:
• Masculine
• Expensive
Rated as least:
15
• Pleasant
• Nice
• Modern
• Ordinary
• Natural
• Calming
• Secure The least preferred room
M=2.67*, SD=1.81
*Significant P < .001
Results
• Hospital employees prefer patient rooms with an intermediate level of wood
• The traditional patient room with no inclusion of wood was the second least preferredpreferred
• The patient room with wood on all the walls, floor, ceiling and furniture was the least preferred room
• Building materials can be used to design a hospital room with an intermediate level of complexity
Nature elements in hospitals
• Study conducted in a Norwegian hospital
• Participants: orthopaedic patients (N=197)
• Outcome measures
• length of hospitalization• length of hospitalization
• use of painkillers
• blood pressure
• subjective feelings of pain and stress
• emotions before and after operation
• subjective evaluation of room
Three room interiors
1. Painting/print
2. Nature
3. Wood
+ window+ window
Results
No significant differencesbetween the rooms
Results
What does the results imply?
• Wood vs. nature vs. art vs. vindow view
The external generalizability: The external generalizability:
• Does nature or elements of nature have health benefits for all people, at all times, in all settings?
The construct validity:
• How do we measure nature or nature exposure?
Conclusions
Focus groups
• Variation/contrasts in materials is important
• Materials should fit the environment/context
Web survey Web survey
• Preference for intermediate use of wood
Patient rooms
• No significant differences for the different rooms (or window views) on the outcome measures