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Session 2: Use of Radar imageries for MRV

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What is a SAR (radar) data

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Radar characteristics

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Réflexion spéculaire Diffusion

Coin réflecteur Réflexion dans un volume

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How does it look like?

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Surface Scattering

Lake

Volume Scattering

Forestry

Double Bounce

House

ERS-1 SAR (C-band) sample (ca. 17 km x 10 km)

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Radar characteristics

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HV polarization

Polarimetry : H, V

HH, HV, VH, VV

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Radar characteristics

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Polarimetry : H, V

HH, HV, VH, VV

HV HH Original data provide by JAXA

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Radar characteristics

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Wavelenght

X, C, L, P bands

1 cm

5 cm

23 cm

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Sensors examples

X band : TerraSarX, TandemX, CosmoSkyMed

L band : ALOS PALSAR

C band : ENVISAT ASAR, SENTINEL 1

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How get radar data?

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ESA catalog:

• ERS-1 SAR, et ATSR

• ERS-2 SAR, et ATSR

• JERS-1 SAR, et VNIR de 1993 a 1998

• ENVISAT ASAR

• ENVISAT MERIS

• ENVISAT AATSR

Download sites:

http://earth.esa.int/descw/

et

http://odisseo.esrin.esa.it/welcome.html

ALOS PALSAR DATA (free but restricted use) http://eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/

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Processing

Need training to understand the basics

Homogeneous data, the process is computing once on the whole data, can be reproduced over time

No sensitive to clouds

After pre-processing (calibration, filtering,…) the classification process is the same as for optical data (pixel based or segmentation processing)

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Preprocessing

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ENVISAT ASAR image

Las Vegas - 2003

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Application - Interpretation

Sensitivity to water

Flooded forest, swamp forest…

Possible to extract deciduous forest

Degradation : Research on texture analysis with X band

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Original data provide by JAXA

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Application - Mapping of forest damages

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Switzerland AeS-1 SAR (C band)

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Application – Illegal logging

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Application - Biomasse

Direct biomasse map (CESBIO)

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Application - Forest burnt area extent

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1995

1994

1993

1989

1987

1984

1981

Saskatchewan - Canada ERS SAR data

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Application – DEM generation

In tropical region long wavelengh is needed (P)

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Tools

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• DIAPASON http://www.altamira-information.com

• Earthview http://www.pcigeomatics.com/products/atlantis.html

• GAMMA http://www.gamma-rs.ch

• InfoPACK http://www.infosar.co.uk

• PulSAR http://www.phoenixsystems.co.uk

• SARscape http://www.sarmap.ch

• Vexcel http://www.vexcel.com

• Basic Envisat SAR Toolbox http://envisat.esa.int/services/best/

• DORIS http://www.geo.tudelft.nl/fmr/research/insar/

• EnviView http://envisat.esa.int/services/enviview/

• ERS SAR Toolbox http://earth.esa.int/STBX/

• UNESCO-Bilko http://www.unesco.bilko.org/

• PolSARPro

• QGIS

free softwares

Proprietary softwares

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SAR data - Pros and cons

Pros

Short processing time

No sensitive to clouds

Homogeneous data

Global coverage (e.g. PALSAR)

Process on large dataset

Cons

Sensitive to relief

Training session needed

Difficult to interpret (no use for validation)

No historical data

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