Session 14 - Transboundary & Global Health Concerns

7/21/2019 Session 14 - Transboundary & Global Health Concerns

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TRANSBOUNDARY & GLOBAL

HEALTH CONCERNS

Department of Public HealthFaculty of Medicine - Padjadjaran University

Bandung


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GLOBAL CHANGES

POSITIVE, e.g.:

Improved

communication Expanding trade

Introduction of new

technologies

NEGATIVE, e.g.:

Ozone depletion

The greenhouse effect

Deforestation &desertification

Loss of biodiversity

Interregional transport

of pollution Large scale of resource

depletion


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In the past, most of those env. hazards & the effects

of env. pollution were treated as local issues & were

generally handled on a local level by PH authorities In recent years, the scope of env. issues has

broadened considerably & there is no clear dividing

line b/w problems that used to be considered PHproblems & those that involve large-scale ecological

change


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Aggravating factors in developing

countries

Poverty

Urbanization w/o adequate infrastructure

Rural development policies that do not

strengthen local economies

Limited economic base that is too often

dependent on commodity prices


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Civilian deaths compose 90% or all deaths intwentieth-century wars (Garfield & Neugut,1997)

The war & trade sanctions cause a threefoldincrease in mortality among Iraqi children under5 years of age (Ascherio et al., 1992)

The emphasis in modern warfare becamedisruption of the economy & civil society, notmerely the defeat of troops & the destruction ofmilitary targets


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OZONE DEPLETION & UV

RADIATION

Stratosphere: O2 + UVO3(accumulated over time toabsorb UV radiation & act as a partial screen that protectsthe surface of the earth from higher levels of exposure)

UV-A, UV-B, UV-C

Ozone levels in the stratosphere are decreasing at severallocations, esp. North & South poles

Role of CFCs : release chlorine by photolysis. Free chlorinescavenges & destroys ozone (1 to 10,000)

Source of CFCs : industries, refrigeration, AC, aerosols aspropellants

Half-life: > 75 years


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Human health effects of ozone

depletion

Non-melanoma skin cancer, esp. Squamous

Cell Ca & actinic keratitis

Malignant melanoma Cataract

Retinal degeneration

Impaired immunological responses Accelerated aging of skin

Pterygia


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POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF

CLIMATE CHANGES

Heat stress

Natural weather disasters

Vector distribution

Local food shortages

Flooding


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THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

The infrared radiation passes through the

atmosphere

The atmosphere insulates the heatcreated when the infrared radiation is

absorbed

The CO2, water vapor & other gases trapthe heat


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Please visit:

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/

(Climate and Health)
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/http://j/CHOP/CHOP%20II%202006-2007/WHO%20%20Climate%20and%20health.htmhttp://j/CHOP/CHOP%20II%202006-2007/WHO%20%20Climate%20and%20health.htmhttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/


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Thank you

Required reading:

Yassi A, Kjellstrm T, de Kok T, Guidotti

TL. Basic environmental health.

Chapter 11: Transboundary & GlobalHealth Concerns. New York: Oxford

University Press, 2001

Session 14 - Transboundary & Global Health Concerns

Documents

Transcript of Session 14 - Transboundary & Global Health Concerns