Session 10 Lifting Operation - Open University of Hong · PDF fileSession 10 Lifting Operation...

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Session 10

Lifting Operation

OSH5063EP(PRS3607)

Workplace and Work Equipment Hazard

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Lifting equipment

Lifting equipment covers any equipment used in the

process of lifting loads or people and includes lifts,

cranes, hoists and lifting accessories that join the

load to the crane.

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Lifting equipment

Definitions from the Factories and Industrial

Undertakings (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear)

Regulations (LALGR) mentions:

“lifting appliance” means a crab, winch, teagle,

pulley block or gin wheel used for raising or

lowering, and a crane, sheerlegs, excavator, pile

driver, pile extractor, dragline, aerial cableway

transporter or overhead runway, and also any part

of any such appliance.

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Lifting equipment

“crane” means any appliance equipped with

mechanical means of raising and lowering a load

and for transporting the load while suspended; and

also all chains, ropes, swivels, or other tackle (down

to and including the hook) used in the operation of a

crane; but does not include:

a. a hoist block running on a fixed rail or wire;

b. a stacker or conveyor whereby a load is moved by means

of a belt or platform; or

c. an earth or mineral moving or excavating appliance not

fitted with a grab;

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Lifting equipment

“lifting gear” means a chain sling, rope sling, ring or

similar gear, and a link, hook, plate clamp, shackle,

swivel or eyebolt.

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Lifting equipment

“competent person”, in relation to any duty required

to be performed by him under the aforesaid

regulations, means a person who is:

a. appointed by the owner required by these regulations to

ensure that the duty is carried out by a competent person;

and

b. by reason of training and practical experience, competent

to perform the duty;

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Lifting equipment

“competent examiner”, in relation to the carrying

out of any test and examination required by the

aforesaid regulations, means a person who is:

a. appointed by the owner required by these regulations to

ensure that the test and examination is carried out;

b. a registered professional engineer registered under the

Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap.409) within a

relevant discipline specified by the Commissioner for

Labour; and

c. by reason of his qualifications, training and experience,

competent to carry out the test and examination;

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Lifting equipment

“safe working load” (hereinafter referred to as

SWL), in relation to a lifting appliance or to lifting

gear, means either :

a. the appropriate safe working load for operating the lifting

appliance or lifting gear as specified in the current

certificate of test and thorough examination delivered in

the approved form by a competent examiner in respect of

that lifting appliance or lifting gear for the purposes of the

LALGR; or

b. where no such certificate is required, the relevant safe

working load shown in the table referred to in regulation

18(1)(b) of the LALGR.

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Lifting equipment

Inspections, thorough examinations and tests are

particularly important for ensuring the safety and

reliability of lifting appliances and lifting gear.

Statutorily, there are three types of duties as

follows:

inspection by a competent person;

thorough examination by a competent examiner; and

test and thorough examination by a competent

examiner.

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Lifting equipment

The safety and reliability of a lifting appliance or

lifting gear cannot be ensured unless it has received

regular inspections.

Regular inspections are particularly important

because they provide a useful means of detecting

potential hazards which could contribute to

accidents.

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Lifting equipment

Regular inspections can also forewarn the owner of

necessary preventive maintenance or repair, the

lack of which can lead to serious deterioration of

the lifting appliance and expensive replacement or

repair charges.

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Lifting equipment

An inspection means a visual and physical checking

usually supplemented by a functional check to

examine the states of individual items of a lifting

appliance or lifting gear.

The purpose of an inspection is to find out whether

there is any item having abnormal wear and tear,

malfunction, oil leakage, overheating, corrosion,

unusual noise, dislocation, visual cracks,

misalignment, overloading, abnormal slackening or

elongation, and excessive vibration, etc.

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Lifting equipment

The key elements of regular inspection are:

frequency and coverage of inspection;

competence of persons engaged in inspection; and

report by competent person.

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Safe use of mobile crane

Maintain at least 600mm clearance between cranes

and obstructions to prevent anyone from becoming

trapped. Switch off the engine of the crane when it

is left unattended.

Provide barriers to separate cranes from overhead

power lines. The barriers shall be at a horizontal

distance of at least 6m plus jib length from the

power lines. Mark the danger area with permanent

stakes or flags and high visibility tape.

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When there are several cranes on site they shall be

sited clear of each other.

Site the crane away from excavations, slopes,

underground services or soft ground with

outriggers fully extended. Use grillages to distribute

the load where appropriate.

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Except for the purpose of training in which case

each trainee shall be under the direct supervision of

a qualified person.

Ensure that only trained and competent operators

over 18 years of age who hold a valid and

recognized certificate operate the cranes.

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A crane shall not be used if the report on weekly

inspection and the report of result of thorough

examination and the certificate of test and thorough

examination are not available.

A notice to prohibit its use shall be prominently

displayed in the operator„s cabin.

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Ensure that the crane operator has :

a. inspected the whole machine including ropes, tyres and

tracks, lifting gear, including chains;

b. checked that the automatic safe load indicator and

load/radius indicators are working; and

c. put the crane through all its movements to check brake

and clutch operation.

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Ensure that the loads are only lifted vertically and

not pulled, dragged or swung, sideways or in line

with the jib of the crane.

Ensure that the weight of any load to be lifted are

accurately determined and never guessed.

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Ensure that the platform provided in a crane for the

use of the operator or for the signaller is:

a. of sufficient area,

b. either plated or closely planked; and

c. provided with a safe means of access.

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Provide and affix a guard rail of adequate strength

and of a height of not less than 900mm to the

platform and any raised standing place of a crane.

Provide and place toe boards of not less than

200mm in height above the level of the platform of a

crane and any raised standing place and in a

position that will prevent the fall of persons,

materials, and tools, from the platform.

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Affix a suitable diagram or notice to cranes

indicating the position and amount of weights to be

used to secure their stability.

Do not use cranes under adverse weather

conditions likely to endanger their stability.

Provide banksman if the view of the crane operator

is restricted.

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Clearly and legibly mark on cranes:

a. the safe working load at various radii of jibs, trolleys or

crabs, and

b. the maximum radius at which the derrick jib may be

operated.

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Fit an accurate indicator to a crane, clearly visible to

the operator, which shows the radius of jibs,

trolleys or crabs and the safe working load

applicable to that radius.

Ensure that the crane is equipped with an automatic

safe load indicator and that the outriggers for

supporting the crane are fully extended and secure

on sleepers resting on firm ground before any lifting

work.

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Establish a safe system of work in case the

operating spaces of two cranes overlap with each

other:

Warning system in form of light or sound is considered as a

minimum to signify the operator the approach of

overlapping area.

Appointment of Over-lapping Area Lifting Supervisor

(OALS) is require to ensure the co-ordination & control of

the lifting operation in overlapping area.

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OALS is considered to be optional when an automatic

control device will be activated to prevent the overlapping

situation occur.

Adequate buffer zone on both sides should be allowed to

slow down the slowing of the crane so as to prevent a

sudden stop which might induce an inertia to the moving

load.

All detection / warning / control device should be checked to

ensure its functional before any work commence.

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Fork-lift truck

A fork-lift trucks (forklifts) means any self-propelled

vehicle equipped with a mast along which travels a

power-operated device for elevating and carrying

loads.

Forklifts are widely used for lifting, transporting and

handling goods and materials, especially in the

industrial sector.

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Fork-lift truck

Every year, there are quite a number of fork-lift

accidents leading to serious bodily injuries, deaths

or property damage.

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Fork-lift truck

Common causes leading to these accidents include:

a. Lack of proper training;

b. No segregation of pedestrians from fork-lift operations;

c. Lack of edge protection to prevent falls of fork-lifts;

d. Operating in ramps having gradients exceeding

recommended safe angles;

e. Lack of proper maintenance of tyres; and

f. Inappropriate modification of fork-lifts for other purpose.

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Fork-lift truck

Risk assessment should be conducted to identify

potential all potential hazards associated with the

forklift operations.

Particular attention should be paid to the working

environment, the ground condition and the

limitations of the types of forklifts to be used.

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Safe use of fork-lift

Only trained and competent authorised operators

shall operate the trucks.

Ensure that the pallet construction is suitable for

the intended use. Inspect the pallets on each

occasion before use.

Do not use or modify a forklift truck for other

purposes, such as a crane, i.e. fitted with a boom,

hook, etc.

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Do not permit the use of a forklift truck as a working

platform.

Do not carry passengers.

Lift with mast vertical or slightly tilted back.

Ensure that no attendant labourer stand under an

elevated load.

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Ensure that forks are correctly spaced to afford

maximum support.

Always check that weight to be lifted is within the

safe capacity of the machine.

Ensure that the load travels at the lowest possible

level with the mast raked back.

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Travel in reverse if the load obscures forward

vision. Use an attendant if necessary.

Check that tyres are at correct pressure.

Avoid sudden stops by careful driving.

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Q&A

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