Session 1 (Handayani) - SP and SPI
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Transcript of Session 1 (Handayani) - SP and SPI
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8/13/2019 Session 1 (Handayani) - SP and SPI
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What is Social Protection
and why is it important?
Sri Wening HandayaniPrincipal Social Development Specialist
Asian Development Bank
14 May 2013
Capacity Development Workshop on Measuring Social Protection
Jakarta, Indonesia
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2
I. Background
II. What Social Protection Is
III. Why Social Protection Is Important
IV. Why Monitoring and Evaluating SP
Programs is Important
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Background
The Asian and Pacific region has more thanhalf of the worlds population.
Of the total 3.6 billion, 900 million are poor
(30%) and 1.5 billion are children and youth.
Main development challenges: (i) to achieve
sufficient sustainable growth; and (ii) to
secure the inclusion of the poor and young
new entrants in the development process But, growth alone is not a sufficient condition
for generating inclusive society.
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Social Risks
Populations, households, and individuals face
various risks.
There is a need to reduce their vulnerability
and to cope with effects when shocks occur. Risks may include natural disaster, civil
conflicts, economic downturn.
Idiosyncratic household reversal such as
illness, death, accident, disability, and old agethreatening the future of the household and its
members.
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Social Protection
Social protection programs are built primarilyto mitigate the impacts of shocks or to helppeople cope with risks.
ADB has developed a definition of socialprotection in line with ADBs overarching goalof reducing poverty and inclusive growth.
ADB defines social protection as a set of
policies and programs designed to reducepoverty and vulnerability by promotingefficient labor markets, diminishing peoplesexposure to risks, and enhancing theircapacity to protect themselves againsthazards and interruption/loss of income
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Social Protection Categories
Social insurance
contributory schemessuch as health insurance, pensions, and
unemployment insurance
Social assistance
unrequited transfers togroups, e.g., cash or in-kind transfers, child
welfare, assistance to the elderly, health
assistance, disability benefits, and disaster
relief.Active labor market programs skills
development and training programs, and
special work programs such as cash- or
food-for-work programs 6
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Why Social Protection is Important for
Asia and the Pacific?
Social protection has become important in all countries of
Asia and the Pacific.
Investments in it help to reduce poverty and vulnerability,
promoting inclusive growth and mitigating extreme poverty
through redistribution of resources.
They also help households to invest in their future andmanage risks.
Developing countries in Asia and the Pacific increasingly
recognize the need to improve design and delivery of
social protection to better target poor and marginalized
groups.
Innovations in social assistance, social insurance, and
labor programs are slowly coming through but budget
support is lacking.
Legal provisions and accountability mechanisms have yetto be integrated into most of these programs. 7
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What is the Characteristic of Social
Protection in Asia and the Pacific?
Most countries have some form of institutionalizedsocial protection system, but often these programs
are ineffective due to:
Limited coverage, serving only a portion of the
formal sectoroften the wealthiest segments ofsociety;
Insufficient funds, incorrectly distributed among
programs;
Inadequate instruments, often copied fromdeveloped countries but not appropriate to serve
specific in-country needs; and
Factors restricting access to statutory social
protection schemes, such as legal restriction,
administrative bottlenecks, and problems with 8
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What is the Strategy to Expand or
Reform Social Protection?
Given the broad variety of priorities and possibleinterventions, it is important to set the
parameters:
Investment based on the principles of reducing
poverty and vulnerability;
Strengthening country focus;
Enhancing strategic alliances and partnerships
with development agencies, private sector, andcivil society; and
Taking medium-/long-term approach to
promote effective social protection system.
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How to Select Right
Interventions?
The selection of interventions willrequire an evaluation of:
the country needs,
available resources,
institutional capacity, and
the political economy of reform.
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What are the Principles to Design Social
Protection Programs?
Once a set of specific social protection
interventions has been chosen, project design
should attend to the following principles:
coverage; targeting of vulnerable population groups
and gender issues;
sustainability, good governance, and
optimal delivery mechanism; and
integrated approach to social protection.
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Why Monitoring and Evaluating Social
Protection Programs is Important?
A monitoring system is essential to supply informationabout how well a program is working so that action can
be taken to improve it.
The Asian Development Bank and its partners
developed a social protection index (SPI) in 2005,subsequently revised.
The SPI enables in-depth analysis of social protection
at country and regional levels, and aims to capture
adequacy of social protection by looking at programs
expenditures, coverage, distribution, and impact. With uniformity in metrics and methods, the SPI can be
used as a benchmark to improve social protection in
countries, through better design, coverage, gender
equity, and poverty targeting.
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Policy Relevance and Its
Implications Monitoring and evaluation protocols are crucial to
facilitate improvements in government effectiveness.
Rigorous monitoring and impact evaluations that
produced hard evidence have been important for the
spread of SP programs. Government agencies responsible for poverty reduction
efforts have a duty to ensure programs are effective,
based on existing knowledge, and have established
processes to learn lessons from their implementation.
Monitoring and impact evaluation systems are valuableboth for insight into particular SP programs, and for the
influence they can have on their replicability.
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Thank you.
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