SES - Creep Laboratory

7/27/2019 SES - Creep Laboratory

1/8

Gomd th \mdjgty

Ge >2 Ytrmss Meagemmrgea Ymrvgims (YMY) lmade whrf he d emw irmmp jdlhrdthryds pdrt hc tbm @dshe, Hbgh hccgim. _hody tbgs cdigjgty bds arhwe crh` de gomd th d

cdigjgty supphrtgea 32 cujjy gestru`metmo irmmp `dibgems rdeagea ge idpdigty crh`

9>>> jls. up th 4>>,>>> jls. Meagemmrgea djjhys dt tmst tm`pmrdturms up th >>C

ide lm diih``hodtmo.

Idpdlgjgtgms geijuom stdeodro irmmp tmstgea, spmigdj purphsm irmmp tmsts usgea

ehestdeodro spmig`mes chr ihjjmitgea gechr`dtghe he sd`pjms mxtrditmo crh`

prhimss mqugp`met ge smrvgim, deo tmstgea sulih`phemets suib ds wmjo`mets.

Ihestdet strdge rdtm tmstgea dt 4 `girhe/bhur gs djsh phssgljm usgea d purphsm lugjt

mjmitrh`mibdegidj tmst `dibgem, ds wmjj ds prhard``mo hpmrdtghe hc tbm gestru-

`metmo irmmp `dibgems.

Mxtmesh`mtmr jhidtmohe spmig`me

Cgaurm 4 Sgmw hc irmmp jdl

Ypmig`me dt tm`pmrdturm

YMY Irmmp Jdlhrdthry chr Bgab_m`pmrdturm \m`dgegea JgcmDssmss`met


2/8 fgp irmmp tmst spmig`mewgtb tbmr`hihupjms deo DMsmeshr `huetmo

Cgaurm 9D Iusth` irmmp tmst spmig`mes


3/89

Irmmp _mstgea @mtbhohjhay

_bm Jhdo _rdge @mibdegidjjy, tbm bmdrt hc ahho irmmptmstgea gs prhvgsghe hc de diiurdtm strmss. _bgs gs ih`-

`hejy dttm`ptmo usgea d jhea jhdo trdge, phssgljy 9 hr

`hrm cmmt jhea, wgtb tbm spmig`me jhidtmo dt dpprhxg-

`dtmjy tbm `gophget. ]egvmrsdj khgets drm prhvgomo dt tbm

meos hc tbm jhdo trdge deo, sh`mtg`ms djsh ds pdrt hc tbm

spmig`me argp, ds ge tbm argps omsgaemo ly \hy ^meey ge

tbm 473>s V\mc 9P deo stgjj wgomjy usmo thody ly `dey tmst

cdigjgtgms wbh id`m ge ihetdit wgtb tbgs omsgae wbme gt

wds cgrst prhphsmo (smm Cgaurm ?).

De djtmredtgvm, djsh wgomjy usmo lut crhwemo uphe ly`dey, gs tbm sg`pjm tbrmdomo meo iheemitghe. _bgs ihe-

emitghe gs wgomjy lmjgmvmo th prhouim de uediimptdljm

omarmm hc lmeogea deo geommo, gt ide lm sbhwe, ly

dedjysgs hc d tmesgjm spmig`me wgtb d pmrsgstmet jhdo

miimetrgigty, tbdt sustdgemo lmeogea ge d irmmp tmst ide

prhouim d cdjsm hvmrmstg`dtm hc dppdrmet dxgdj strdge.

Ge cdit tbgs iheimre gs arhueojmss. D ih`lgemo mxpmrg-

`metdj deo tbmhrmtgidj mvdjudtghe hc tbgs typm hc meo ihe-

emitghe wds idrrgmo hut ly YMY deo, wbme tbm mccmit hc

ehejgemdr amh`mtry ibdeams drm tdfme geth diihuet, tbm

tbrmdomo iheemitghe ditudjjy tures hut th lm supmrghr th

htbmr cdr `hrm getrgidtm deo shpbgstgidtmo argps, suib ds

tbm pge-deo-ijmvgs omsgae stgjj ih``hejy usmo thody.

_bm rmdshe gs sg`pjm. De miimetrgidjjy jhdomo jhdo trdge

wgjj imrtdgejy amemrdtm sgaegcgidet lmeogea, deo tbgs `dy

lm qugtm jdram he gegtgdj jhdogea. Bhwmvmr, tbmrm gs kust sh

`uib lmeogea phssgljm lmchrm tbm jhdo trdge strdgabtmes

hut deo mjg`gedtms tbm lmeogea. _bmrm gs d fgem`dtgi jg`g-

tdtghe th tbm d`huet hc lmeogea omchr`dtghe phssgljm ge d

tbrmdomo meo spmig`me. Gt ide lm sbhwe tbdt tbm whrst

lmeogea strdge phssgljm, l, gs jg`gtmo th;

]sgea tbm typgidj eu`mrgidj vdjums igtmo dlhvm, tbgs `mdes

tbdt tbm lmeogea strdge ide emvmr lm armdtmr tbde dlhut

>.>2%. _bgs gs ih`pdrdljm wgtb tbm gegtgdj mjdstgi strdge,

wbgib gs wby tbm dttdib`met `mtbho bds diqugrmo suib d

ldo rmputdtghe lut, ueomr irmmp iheogtghes, tbm lmeogea

strdge emvmr amts lgaamr tbde tbgs gegtgdj vdjum deo, ge cdit,

`hrm omtdgjmo cgegtm mjm`met dedjysgs stuogms bdvm sbhwe

tbdt lmeogea strmssms rmjdx dwdy vmry rdpgojy wgtb d emajg-

agljm gecjumeim he tbm `mde dxgdj strdge. Ge prditgim, wgtb

mvme `homrdtm dttmetghe th omtdgj, tbm miimetrgigty he d

tbrmdomo jhdo trdge gs usudjjy `uib jmss tbde tbm >.>= geibdssu`mo bmrm. \dtghedjjy spmdfgea, jhdo trdge miimetrgigty

`hrm jgfm tbm >.>4 geib rdeam gs mxpmitmo.

Grhegidjjy, oum th crgitghe, tbm uegvmrsdj khget omsgae

ide ditudjjy lm whrsm tbde tbm tbrmdomo iheemitghe

he hiidsghes deo gt ohms eht amt dey lmttmr wgtbhut d

ihesgomrdljm d`huet hc tgefmrgea, wbgib stgjj ohms eht

djwdys shjvm tbm prhljm`.

wbmrm, o 0 spmig`me ogd`mtmr (m.a. >.=>=)

m 0 miimetrgigty hc jhdo jgem dt tbmspmig`me (typgidjjy : >.>=)

j 0 aduam jmeatb (m.a. )(smm cgaurm 9)

l 0


4/8?

YMY bds omvmjhpmo htbmr cmdturms hc tbm irmmp spmig`me,

ge doogtghe th tbm meo iheemitghes. Djj omsgaes wmrm

mxd`gemo ge omtdgj usgea cgegtm mjm`met `mtbhos th stuoy

tbmgr lmbdvghr ueomr irmmp iheogtghes. Cgaurm = gjjustrdtms

tbm cgedj ihecgaurdtghe hc d irgtgidj ih`phemet hc spmig-

`me amh`mtry, tbm meo tdpmr, deo tbm mxtmesh`mtmr

dttdib`met omtdgj.

Mxtmesh`mtry _bm ibdjjmeam wgtb irmmp tmstgea gs tbdt

dcchrodljm omchr`dtghe `mdsurgea omvgims tmeo eht th

whrf dt bgab tm`pmrdturm, sh tbm omchr`dtghe bds th lmtrdescmrrmo hut hc tbm bmdtmo zhem wgtb mxtmesghe dr`s.

Dttdibgea tbm mxtmesghes th tbm spmig`mes ide lm d prhl-

jm`. _bm `mtbho dohptmo ly YMY gs th usm rdgsmo rgoams

omcgegea d ijmdr aduam jmeatb. \goams, uejgfm arhhvms, oh

eht idusm sgaegcgidet strmss hr strdge iheimetrdtghes, deo

pjdigea tbm` ogrmitjy dirhss tbm aduam jmeatb mjg`gedtms

tbm ueimrtdgety hc doogtghedj omchr`dtghe hiiurrgea ge tbm

tdpmrmo meos hc tbm spmig`me.

Ygeim mxtmesh`mtmrs ideeht mdsgjy lm `huetmo ihdxgdjjy

wgtb tbm spmig`me (djtbhuab gt gs phssgljm), strdge gs`mdsurmo ly smpdrdtm trdesouimrs `huetmo dt 42> th

hem dehtbmr. _bgs gs `hrm mxpmesgvm tbde usgea d sgeajm

trdesouimr deo sh`m chr` hc dvmrdagea `mibdegs`, lut

bds tbm geigometdj dovdetdam hc prhvgogea gechr`dtghe he

spmig`me lmeogea ourgea tbm tmst. Cgaurm 3 gs d typgidj

mxd`pjm hc lmeogea vs. `mde strdge dibgmvmo wgtb tbm

jhdo trdge omsgaemo ly YMY. _bm gegtgdj lmeogea gs emvmr

`hrm tbde d cmw pmrimet, `uib jmss tbde whrst idsm mstg-

`dtms, deo omidys th d jhw ihestdet vdjum wbgib gs wgtbge

tbm diiurdiy hc tbm `mdsurm`met deo gs mccmitgvmjy zmrh.

Odtd Mvdjudtghe

Ygeim tbm puljgidtghe hc DY@M/D^G =17 chr tbm pmtrhibm`-gidj deo rmcgegea geoustrgms, gt gs ih``he chr tmst rmqumsts

he spmig`mes mxtrditmo crh` pjdets ge-smrvgim th lm

diih`pdegmo ly tbm rmqugrm`met tbdt tbm odtd lm ded-

jyzmo deo prmsmetmo ge tbm chr` hc tbm @^I/H`mad

`homj. Qbmrm phssgljm mvmry mcchrt gs `dom th ih`pjy

wgtb suib rmqumsts. Yh`mtg`ms, bhwmvmr, tbm H`mad

`homj gs eht d ahho cgt th tbm rmdj whrjo irmmp tmst odtd.

Qbmrm gt gs phssgljm th utgjgzm tbm H`mad `homj, odtd

rmouitghe gs d stdeodro prhimourm. Qbdt chjjhws gs eht

getmeomo th lm d omtdgjmo omsirgptghe hc tbm `mtbho

usmo th cgt odtd usgea tbm H`mad `homj, lut `mrmjy th

gjjustrdtm vdrghus tmibegqums usmo ly YMY ge rm`dgegea

jgcm mvdjudtghes.

Cgaurm = Cgegtm Mjm`met Dedjysgs hc spmig`me amh`mtry(>.=>=O) ueomr irmmp iheogtghes

Cgaurm 3 Lmeo/`mde strdge rdtgh ge d pmrimetdam d typgidjirmmp tmst


5/8=

Cgaurm 1 sbhws d wmjj lmbdvmo irmmp iurvm tbdt ihechr`s rmdshedljy wmjj wgtb tbm H`mad `homj.

_bm H`mad `homj gs d `hogcgidtghe hc tbm sg`pjm stmdoy stdtm irmmp jdw th diihuet chr strdge

geouimo shctmegea ge hromr th geijuom tbm pbmeh`mehe hc tmrtgdry irmmp.

>

>.4

>..9

>.?

>.=

> => 4>> 4=> > 9>> 9=> ?>>

Irmmp

Ytrdge

(ge/ge)

_g`m (bhurs)

Mxpmrg`met

mi(eu`)

mi(phjy)

mi(4>dva)

mi(_rgdj & Mrrhr)

wbmrm tbm getmardtmo irmmp iurvm gs agvme ly,

deo drm pdrd`mtmrs hltdgemo ge smvmrdj phssgljm wdys. _bmsm drm gjjustrdtmo ge Cgaurm 1

wbmrm tbmy drm ih`pdrmo wgtb tbm mxpmrg`metdj iurvm.

_bm twh `mtbhos usmo bmrm drm trgdj deo mrrhr, aumssgea tbm pdrd`mtmr vdjums deo `dfgea d

sgabt ih`pdrgshe wgtb tbm odtd. _bgs prhimourm djjhws prg`dry irmmp, wbgib gs eht diihuetmo chr

ge tbm H`mad `homj, th lm geijuomo ds de hccsmt dt tg`m zmrh. D `hrm rgahrhus dpprhdib gevhjvms

pjhttgea tbm jha hc tbm irmmp dadgest tbm irmmp strdge. _dfgea tbm jhas hc mdib sgom hc tbm irmmp

rdtm mqudtghe,

_bm sjhpm hc tbm rmsujtgea pjht sbhujo lm , deo tbm getmrimpt dt zmrh strdge gs je

(Cgaurm 2chjjhwgea pdam)

i 04 je(4-ht)

Cgaurm 1 Irmmp iurvm chr ^7dt 44C, 44.?fsg


6/83

Idjiujdtgea tbm jha hc tbm irmmp rdtm agvms prhljm`s ds gt

gevhjvms ogccmrmetgdtgea de mxpmrg`metdj iurvm wbgib ihe-

tdges sidttmr. _bm `mtbhos usmo bmrm drm, cgrstjy, th `dfm

surm tbm odtd gs ds s`hhtb ds phssgljm th stdrt wgtb, tbme

mgtbmr pmrchr` d eu`mrgidj ogccmrmetgdtghe usgea sh`m

chr` hc dvmrdagea tmibegqum, hr cgt tbm irmmp odtd wgtb d

phjyeh`gdj deo oh tbm ogccmrmetgdtghe dedjytgidjjy. Ds ide

lm smme, djj `mtbhos bdvm tbmgr prhljm`s.

Gt bds lmme chueo tbdt sh`m `dtmrgdjs rmcusm th ihechr`

wgtb tbm H`mad `homj. Cgaurm 7 sbhws odtd chr d 9?1 YY

wbhsm jha (strdge rdtm) vs. irmmp strdge iurvm bds mgtbmr d

ohuljm sjhpm, hr d ihetgeuhusjy vdrygea sjhpm, ompmeogea

he bhw hem jhhfs dt gt. Ge tbgs idsm d prmogitghe hc tbm

ih`pjmtm irmmp bgsthry gs smrghusjy ge mrrhr. De djtmredtgvm

`mtbho, tbm _bmtd ^rhkmitghe @mtbho, bds sjgabtjy lmttmr

juif lut jhsms hem hc tbm ijdg`mo dovdetdams hc tbm

H`mad `homj, wbgib gs tbm dlgjgty th prmogit rupturm jgcm

crh` tbm sbdpm hc tbm mdrjy phrtghe hc tbm irmmp iurvm.

Gt `dy eht lm phssgljm tbmrmchrm, th djwdys omjgvmr he hem

hc tbm prh`gsms hc tbm H`mad `mtbho, wbgib gs tbm dlgjgty

th prmogit irmmp jgcm rmjgdljy crh` vmry sbhrt tmr` odtd.

-4>

-2

-3

-?

-

>.>= >.4 >.4= >.< >..9 >.9=

je(omi/ot(4

>dva))

Irmmp strdge (ge/ge)

je(omi/ot(4>dva))

Jgemdr(je(omi/ot(4>dva)))

>

>.>=

>.4

>.4=

>...9

>.9=

> > ?>> 3>> 2>> 4>>> 4> 4?

Irmmp

strd

ge

(ge/ge)

_g`m (bhurs)

Ihestdet jhdo

ihestdet strmss

_bmtd ^rhkmitghe

tg`m >C,4>.9fsg

Cgaurm 2 je(omi/ot) vs. irmmp strdge6 ^7 dt 44C, 44.?fsg

7D


7/8

_bgs mxd`pjm gs eht gshjdtmo. _bm sd`m lmbdvghr bds lmme

hlsmrvmo wgtb smvmrdj bgab tm`pmrdturm djjhys ds wmjj ds

lmgea rmpmdtdljm ge 9?1 YY. Cgaurm 4> sbhws de getmrmst-

gea mxd`pjm hc d egifmj-ldsmo djjhy usmo chr rmchr`mr

tulm `deucditurm. _bgs `dtmrgdj bds twh ijmdr tmrtgdry

rmag`ms, lhtb cgt qugtm wmjj ly smpdrdtm H`mad `homjs.

]echrtuedtmjy, ds ge tbm idsm hc tbm 9?1 YY, tbgs djshrm`hvms tbm dlgjgty th prmogit jgcm crh` tbm mdrjy stdams hc

tbm irmmp iurvm lmidusm tbm `homj smm`s th ibdeam ge

`go ihursm. Agvme tbm vdrgdtghe ge bgab tm`pmrdturm

lmbdvghr, YMY ordws uphe wbdtmvmr dpprhdib gs `hst

sugtmo chr `dfgea tbm rm`dgegea jgcm dssmss`met.

Ytrmss Meagemmrgea Ymrvgims bds d jhea-tmr` strdtmagi

omvmjhp`met pjde ge pjdim tbdt rmihaegzms tbm sgaegcgidet

ibdjjmeams hpmrdthrs hc bgab tm`pmrdturm prhimss

mqugp`met cdim wgtb rmspmit th rue/rmpdgr omigsghes

hc dagea pjdets. _bm irmmp jdl gs mvgomeim hc YtrmssMeagemmrgea Ymrvgims ih``gt`met th smrvgea tbm pjdets

ge tbmsm geoustrgms.

\mcmrmeims

4. D^G =17-4/DY@M CCY-4, Kuem =, >1.

9.

9. \. F. ^meey deo O. J. @drrghtt, Omsgae chr Irmmp.

?. \. Q. Mvdes, K. O. ^drfmr deo \. Qgjsbdw,_bm ^rhkmitghe IheimptD @homj-ldsmo Dpprhdib

ge Omsgae deo Jgcm Mxtmesghe hc Meagemmrgea ^jdet,K. ^rms. Sms. &^gpgea, Shj =>, 477.

-4?

-4

-2

-3

-?

-

> >.>= >.4 >.4= >.< >.dva))

Ge(om/ot(phjy))

Cgaurm 4> \mchr`mr `dtmrgdj dt 42>>Csbhwgea ohuljm H`mlmbdvghr

>

>.>4

>.>.>9

>.>?

>.>=

>.>3

> =>> 4>>> 4=>>

Irmmp

Ytr

dge

(ge/ge)

_g`m (bhurs)

irmmp odtd

mi(emdr)

_rgdj&mrrhr

mi(cdr)

mi(cdr) trdesjdtmo

1

7L

4>>fgp irmmp crd`ms


8/8

4< Ytrmss Meagemmrgea Ymrvgims, Gei. ?=4

Dlhut Ytrmss Meagemmrgea Ymrvgims

Mstdljgsbmo ge 471% hc YMY meagemmrs bhjo dovdeimo omarmms, `hst drm jgimesmo ^.M.s deo tbm dvmrdam

meagemmr bds `hrm tbde 4= ymdrs mxpmrgmeim.

IHE_DI_GECH\@D_GHE

Chr @hrm Gechr`dtghe Dlhut

YMYs Irmmp Jdl deo \m`dgegea Jgcm

Dssmss`met Ymrvgims

Idjj =49-993-31>4 _hody

Bhusthe^bhem;

Emw Hrjmdes^bhem; =>?-227-2??>

Igeigeedtg^bhem; =49-993-31>4

Ldthe \huam^bhem;

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