sergo vardosaniZe

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da

unetaresi qristefore III (1927-1932)

XIX saukunis I naxevris saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis istoriaSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesi

da unetaresi qristefores mamadmTavrobis periodi iyo rTuli da

winaaRmdegobrivi. bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisufleba sastiki meTodebiT

ibrZoda qarTvel xalxSi erovnuli meobis, qristianuli rwmenis

mosaspobad. agresiuli aTeizmis xanaSi angrevdnen eklesia-monastrebs,

apatimrebdnen da fizikurad uswordebodnen sasuliero pirebs... uwmidesma

da unetaresma qristefore III-m Tavis Tavze aiRo sazogadoebisaTvis

arapopularuli misiis Sesruleba _ eklesiisa da xelisuflebis

konfrontacia Seecvala xelisuflebasTan loialobisa da TanamSromlobis

kursiT. mas gulwrfelad swamda, xelisuflebasTan kompromisebis gareSe

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias sruli ganadgureba

emuqreboda. kompromisebs yovelTvis axlavs mZafri kritika, oponireba,

uwmidessa da unetares qristefore III-s bewvis xidze uxdeboda gavla...

istoriaSi pirovnebis Sefasebisas xSirad emociuri muxti ufro

macdunebulia, vidre civi gonebiT gansja.

warmodgenil wignSi avtori Seecada, moeToka emociebi da civi gonebiT

Seefasebina XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis istoriis tragikuli furclebi.

redaqtori: profesori eldar bubulaSvili

recenzentebi: profesori zaza maruaSvili

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori daviT kuxaleiSvili

doqtoranti Tornike RvinianiZe

ISBN 978-9941-9049-1-2

1. biografiuli matiane

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi

qristefore III, eriskacobaSi qristefore murmanis Ze cicqiSvili daibada

1873 wlis 15 marts Sorapnis mazris sofel vertyviWalaSi, mis mier

Sedgenil avtobiografiaSi vkiTxulobT: `Cemi genialogia papa Cemis mamis,

mose mRvdlis iqiT CemTvis ucnobia. mose mRvdeli iyo niqozelis nakurTxi

(radgan Cveni sofeli ruseTTan SeerTebamde ekuTvnoda qarTlis, xolo

eklesiurad XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebamde qarTls eparqias) dadioda Coxa-

axaloxiT da, Tu vinme miscemda wesebis asrulebaSi siminds, purs an

Rvinos, moidebda zurgze da gauyenebda saxlisaken. hyavda oTxi vaJi,

romelTaganac mesame, xosia (qaixosro) iyo papaCemi eriskaci, da meoTxe _

daviT mRvdeli, saqarTvelos egzarqos isidoresagan nakurTxi. mamaCemi

murmani iyo wignismkiTxvelad xefinisxevis sofel lirSi, saeklesio

wignebis kargi mcodne, eqvsi wlis viqnebodi, mamam rom locvebi damawyebina

zepirad, moaswro eswavlebina CemTvis locvani da `mrwamsis~ dasawyisi.

Svidi wlisas gardamecvala mama, davrCiT oTxi Zma da ori da papis amara

siRaribeSi. mamis gasvenebas daeswro Cemi biZa, sayvarela gaCeCilaZe, dedis

Zma, romelmac Semisva cxenze wamiyvana sofel wevaSi da mimabara iqaurs

samrevlo skolaSi, romelic iyo gaxsnili romanoz gorgaZisagan, imasTan

daviwye anbani, magram male gadaiyvanes mRvdlad sxvagan. misi adgili, wevis

samrevlo skolis maswavleblad daiWira makar gaCeCilaZem. es samrevlo

skola da misni msgavsni dasavleT saqarTveloSi gaxsnilni iyvnen

netarxsenebuli gabriel episkoposis iniciativiT. man SemoiRo wesad vinc

aT weliwads imaswavleblebda imaT akurTxebda mRvdlad. man didi amagi

dasdo qarTuli wera-kiTxvis gavrcelebis saqmes imereTSi, riTac

daimsaxura guliswyroma ianovskis da madloba Segnebuli qarTvelobisa.

1882 wels Camiyvana papaCemma quTaisis sasuliero saswavlebelSi, mimiRes

mesame ganyofilebaSi. erT weliwads Zlivs Seminaxa papaCemma Tavisi xarjiT

mgonia maSin isesxa rva Tumani suramel somxisagan, raSiac Tormeti wlis

ganmavlobaSi vaZlevdiT sargebels, ocdaoTx Caf Rvinos tkbilobaze.

iTxova Cemi saxelmwifo xarjze miReba, mosTxoves oblobisa da siRaribis

mowmoba. papaCemma miarTva keTilmoweses mier gacemuli mowmoba da mimiRes

saxelmwifo xarjze. ase rom ar momxdariyo, unda amekrifa quTaisidan guda-

nabadi da ameRo xeli swavlaze. yvela klasebSi pirvel mowafed mivdiodi

da wyaloba SevinarCune.1

quTaisis sasuliero saswavlebelSi rusifikatoruli reJimis pirobebSi

idevneboda yovelive qarTuli, magram iyvnen iseTi pedagogebic, romelnic

axerxebdnen moqalaqeobriv da erovnuli Rirsebis SenarCunebas da

moswavleebs karg magaliTs aZlevdnen. uwmidesi qristefore siyvaruliT

ixsenebda: niko maRraZes, polievqtos kvicariZes, qarTulis maswavlebels

andro benaSvils.

XIX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi erTgvari popularobiT

sargeblobda saliteraturo wreebi, romelnic Semdeg social-demokratiul

organizaciad gadakeTda. qristefore cicqiSvili CaerTo noe Jordanias

literaturuli wris saqmianobaSi, magram rogorc aRniSnavda: `mas Semdeg,

rac am wreSi CaerTnen mixa cxakaia, egnate ninoSvili wrem politikuri

xasiaTi miiRo, frTxilad viqceodi, magram erTxel spenseris `aRzrdis~

kiTxvaSi damiWires da meored `severni vestnikis~, am ukanaskneli

danaSaulisaTvis yofa-qcevaSi damisves `sami~ da erT weliwads gaminaxevres

`saxelmwifo xarji~.2 seminariis damTavrebis Semdeg oci wlis qristefore

cicqiSvili imereTis episkoposis gabrielTan mivida da mRvdlad kurTxeva

iTxova. meufe gabrielma upasuxa, jer maswavleblad imuSave da mRvdlad

kurTxevaze Semdeg ifiqreo, rogorc Cans mas es winadadeba ar moewona da

gancxadebiT mimarTa saqarTvelos egzarqos vladimirs, romelmac 1895 wlis

9 aprils qristefore akurTxa mRvdlad da gagzavna kaspiis olqSi

weliwadnaxevris Semdeg man TxovniT mimarTa egzarqoss gadmoeyvana

saqarTveloSi. 1897 wels jer goris mazris sofel xidisTavSi, xolo 1898

wlidan sofel itriis eklesiis winamZRvrad iqna gadayvanili. axalgazrda

ganaTlebulma sasuliero pirma itriaSi Tavisi saqmianoba samrevlo

skolis gaxsniT daiwyo. pirvel xanebSi skolas ar hqonda Senoba, magram

1900-1901 wlebSi misi RvawliT aSenda kapitaluri Senoba 5 oTaxiT. skolaSi

mravlad movidnen bavSvebi mezobeli soflebidan. mama qristefore saRvTo

sjulTan erTad aswavlida qarTul enasa da literaturas, saqarTvelos

istorias. amavdroulad igi iyo skolis gamgec. amave periodSi igi bevrs

mogzaurobda qarTlis soflebSi, iwerda xalxur Tqmulebebs, legendebs.

mama qristefore frTxil, magram cxovel interess iCenda ruseTis imperiaSi

mimdinare socialur-politikuri procesebisadmi. am mxriv sainteresoa misi

ubnis wignakis piradi xasiaTis Canawerebi, patar-patara SeniSvnebi. 1899

wlis TebervalSi Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis reqtori isidore

gadayvanil iqna ruseTSi, igi gamorCeuli iyo Tavisi antiqarTuli

politikiT, lanZRavda qarTvel xalxs da velurebs uwodebda maT.

seminariis qarTveli studentebi protestis niSnad ar daeswrnen mis

gamosamSvidobebel saRamos da sworadac moiqcneno _ SeniSnavs mama

qristefore. sainteresoa mama qristefores Canawerebi `eklesiaste~,

`tbeToba~, `legenda Tamarzed~, `Cveni axlandeli moRvaweni~ _ Canawerebi

daTariRebulia 1893-1900 wlebiT. `patriotizmi _ aRniSnavda igi _ jansaRi

grZnobaa, amSvidebs adamians da xels uwyobs obieqturi warmodgenis

Seqmnas, igi gansxvavdeba fsevdopatriotizmisagan, patriotizmi sabavSvo

asakidan yalibdeba da amdenad didi mniSvneloba aqvs mis aRzrdas, garemos,

romelic masze gavlenas axdens da romelic saTaves iRebs mSoblebis,

naTesavebis, megobrebis, kuTxis, soflis, qalaqis siyvarulidan da Semdeg

masSi nivTdeba samSoblos siyvaruli, magram imisaTvis, rom adamiani

namdvilad patriotad Camoyalibdes saWiroa bavSobidanve mieCvios kargisa

da cudis garCevas, radgan bavSvs Tavdapirvelad yvelaferi dadebiTad

eCveneba. patriotul aRzrdaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs sxva erebis

pativiscemis Canergvas~3. werilSi `tbeToba~ saubaria Sorapnis mazris

sofel _ tbeTis wmida giorgis eklesiaze _ avtori cdilobda imis

garkvevas, Tu ratom unda darqmeoda SavSeTSi mdebare tbeTis saxeli am

adgils, igi iqidan gadmosaxlebuli xalxis mier aris daarsebuli, Tu

eklesiis axlos mdebare patara tbis gamo daerqva es saxeli. xalxuri

gadmocemiT eklesia Tamar mefes auSenebia. mSeneblobis procesSi eklesia

Tamaris Tvalwin ramdenjerme dangreula... sizmari unaxavT, rom saZirkvlis

qvebi urmebze unda gadaetanaT da imden xans etarebinaT sanam miwaze ar

daecemodnen da bolos ase SeurCeviaT es adgili, sadac augiaT kidec es

eklesia. mama qristefores dakvirvebiT wmida giorgis dResaswaulze

mravalricxovani mrevlis mosvla da wmida Tamar mefis Tqmulebis aseTi

saxiT gadmocema xalxSi erovnul suliskveTebas amtkicebso. sainteresoa

mama qristefores mier imereTSi Cawerili `legenda Tamarzed~, gadmocemis

Tanaxmad Tamari iyo ulamazesi da uwmidesi, romelic sarkmelSi mzis

sxivebze kidebda tansacmels, Tu sxivi tansacmels ar daecemoda qveyanaSi

rTuli viTareba iqneboda es iyo RvTiuri niSani~.4

sayuradReboa mama qristefore cicqiSvilis `istoriul-eTnografiuli

narkvevi `dReobebi da xatobebi xefnisxevSi~. avtori dawvrilebiT aRwers

suramis axlos mdebare xefnisxevis geografiul mdebareobas am xeobaSi

gaSenebul soflebs: waqva, xevisjvari, grigalaTi, xunevi. yuradRebas aqcevs

aqaurTa Cacmulobas _ Sarvali, Coxa, paiWebi, mokle axaluxi, romelic

qarTlis sxva kuTxeTa Cacmulobidan TiTqmis ar gansxvavdeba. metyvelebaSi

didia zemo imeruli kilos gavlena, rac ganpirobebulia imereTidan

mosaxleobis am adgilebSi gadmosvlis gamo. qristefore cicqiSvilis

dakvirvebiT aq gavrcelebul dResaswaulebi `kviracxovloba~, `oqonoba~,

`xalarjoba~, `tbeToba~, `vardoba~ imave dros aRiniSneba imereTSi. misi

azriT zogierTi dReoba winaqristianul periodSi iRebs saTaves. is faqti,

rom uqmed cxaddeba ara kviradRe, aramed orSabaTi, amaSi warmarTobis

droindeli kvali unda ikiTxebodes. garda amisa TviT ritualuri mxarec

Seicavs winaqristianuli periodis qcevis formebs, magaliTad `vardoba~,

sadRac bunebis zeimisa da RvTismSoblobis narevs mogvagonebs. `albaT

vardoba, vardis dRe warmarTobis droindeli dReobaa da SemdgomSi

miscemia mas cotaodeni qristianuli elferi.~5 narkvevSi aRwerilia am

dResaswaulebis Catarebis wesebi, sufra, lxini, romelnic TiToeuls Tan

sdevda.

am Canawerebidan kargad Canda qristefore cicqiSvilis interesTa sfero,

qarTuli zne-CveulebaTa, tradiciaTa Seswavlis da Rrmad gaazrebis

survili.

qristefore cicqiSvilis msoflmxedveloba yalibdeboda XIX saukunis 80-

90-ian wlebSi. im dros saqarTvelo iyo ruseTis koloniuri uRlis qveS.

erTis mxriv saokupacio xelisufleba cdilobda qarTuli erovnuli

cnobierebis mospobas da amisaTvis ar iSurebda arc fuls, arc Zalas da

rusul saganmanaTleblo saswavlo sistemas, romelic ganaTlebis ministr

graf tolstois mier iyo SemuSavebuli da qarTveli xalxis daCqarebul

asimilacias gulisxmobda, meores mxriv esaa periodi, rodesac erovnul-

ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba ilia WavWavaZis meTaurobiT yvelafers

akeTebda qarTveli xalxis erovnuli Rirsebis grZnobis asamaRleblad,

qarTuli enis, saqarTvelos istoriis, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

interesebis dasacavad. XIX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi noe Jordanias

literaturul wreSi monawileoba Tavis gavlenas moaxdenda axalgazrda

qristefore cicqiSvilze. igi ar ahyva axalgazrda marqsistebis

kosmopolitizms. werilSi `civilizacia~, saubrobda ra axalgazrda

marqsistebis mier mowonebul o. rektis mosazrebaze Zvelis uaryofa

civilizaciis niSaniao, aRniSnavda _ civilizacia da is masStabebi,

romelsac man sadReisod miaRwia safuZvels iRebs wina kulturebidan da ar

gulisxmobs mis uaryofas, ganadgurebas. kacobriobis ganviTareba xdeba

miRebuli memkvidreobis aTvisebis gziT da Tavis TavSi moicavs axali

socialuri, ekonomikuri kulturuli formebis Seqmnas~.6

mama qristefore cicqiSvilisaTvis miuRebeli iyo Teoriuli

patriotizmi, Tu igi saqmiT ar aris ganmtkicebuli. igi mkacrad

akritikebda im qarTvelebs, romelnic ruseTSi yofnis dros samSobloze

wuwunebdnen sityviT, xandaxan poeziiTac, magram samSobloSi

dabrunebulebs didi araferi gaukeTebiaT. mas saintereso Canawerebi aqvs

XIX saukunis bolosa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi arsebul

politikur mimdinareobaTa Sesaxeb. igi vrclad exeboda `social-

demokratebis~ saqmianobas da am moZraobaSi mweral giorgi wereTlis

rols. Tergdaleuli giorgi wereTeli XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebidan

mkacrad daupirispirda ilia WavWavaZes da Tavmomwoned ganacxada

`oTaraanT qvrivisa~ da `luarsab TaTqariZis~ azrovneba warsuls unda

Cabardes da marqsizmis mixedviT unda avawyoT Cveni cxovrebao. man Jurnali

`kvali~ dauTmo axalgazrda marqsistebs. ilia WavWavaZem giorgi wereTeli

saaxalwlo, salaRobo leqsSi ase daaxasiaTa: `bebersa sarZloT morTulsa,

ufrTxildiT ganerideTo~. giorgi wereTels daupirispirdnen: akaki

wereTeli, iakob gogebaSvili, vaJa-fSavela. qristefore cicqiSvili maT

pozicias iziarebda da kritikulad afasebda giorgi wereTlis

Semoqmedebas. misi azriT _ giorgi wereTlis nawerebSi ar igrZnoboda didi

SemoqmedebiTi niWi, aseve gazviadebulad eCveneboda mis istorikosobaze

saubari. qristefore cicqiSvilis azriT giorgi wereTls pirovnuli

ambicia amoZravebda, rodesac gaucnobiereblad axali moZraobis

(socialisturis) saTaveSi moqcevas da misi saWiroebis miuxedavad

popularizacias uwevda socialistur ideebs. qristefore cicqiSvili

Tvlida, rom socializmi SesaZloa marTlac warmoadgendes dids,

mniSvnelovans moZRvrebas, man SeiZleba marTlac aramciredi roli

Seitanos evropis saxelmwifoTa ganviTarebaSi, magram misi

gavrcelebisaTvis saqarTveloSi ar arsebobda aucilebeli pirobebi.

misTvis miuRebeli iyo social-demokratTa momxreebis mier erovnuli

ideebis uaryofa. misi mtkicebiT socializmis idea im qveynebisaTvisaa

gankuTvnili, sadac mrewveloba da masTan dakavSirebuli Sesabamisi

sazogadoebriv-socialuri infrastruqturaa Seqmnili, aqedan gamomdinare

misi gavrceleba evropis qveynebSi SesaZlebelia, magram saqarTveloSi,

sadac arc mrewvelobaa fexze dayenebuli da TviT sazogadoebaSic

ekonomikur diferencirebas mZafri xasiaTi ar miuRi, socializmis ideebi

xelovnuria da ara bunebrivi.

gamouqveynebul werilSi `qarTveli xalxis nacionalizmi~ kidev erTxel

ubrundeba XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebis kosmopolitTa kritikas da

aRniSnavs _ bolo dros Rirsebis mtkicebad iqca, imis aRniSvna, rom

qarTveli eri nacionaluri grZnobebisagan Tavisufaliao, sinamdvileSi

nacionaluri grZnobebis deficiti samwuxaro faqtia, vinaidan Segnebuli

nacionalizmi kulturas niSnavs, marTalia es grZnoba qarTvelobaSi

mokoWlobs, magram arc mTlad gandevnil-uaryofilia.

qristefore cicqiSvili mkacrad akritikebda `mesame dasis~ programis im

debulebebs, romelnic erovnul sakiTxs exeboda, mesame daselTa mtkicebiT

mSromeli xalxi mtrulad ekideba erovnul sakiTxs da misi mowesrigeba ar

warmoadgens mSromelTa sasicocxlo interesebs. social-demokratTa azris

sawinaaRmdegod mas mohyavda erTi magaliTi, romlis Semswrec TviTon

yofila. 1905 wels TbilisSi gamarTul erT-erT mitingze orators

erovnuli problemebis win wamowevisaTvis mkacrad gaukritikebia social-

federalistebis partia, magram Sekrebil xalxs ar miuRia social-

demokratis sityvebi da `gaumarjos saqarTvelos~ skandireba dauwyiaT,

oratori Zirs CamougdiaT. `tyuilad asavsavebda umweod xelebs batoni

oratori xalxis gasaCumeblad, xalxs imis aRar esmoda da ramdenime aTasi

kaci TiTqos erTi kaciao gaiZaxoda: `gaumarjos saqarTveloso~.7

qristefore cicqiSvili ar iziarebda social-demokratebis ideebs, igi

ufro xalxosnuri socializmis gavlenis qveS iyo. amis dasturia misi

werilebi: `glexkacis xvedri turgenevisa da nekrasovis nawarmoebebis

mixedviT~, `nekrologi anTimoz juRelis gardacvalebis gamo~, `eqimis

sizmari~. misi azriT turgenevisa da nekrasovis nawarmoebebis roli da

mniSvneloba gansakuTrebulia antibatonymuri ideologiis Camoyalibebis

procesSi. maT nawarmoebebSi didi mxatvruli ZaliT aisaxa batonymobis

mTeli sisastike, romelic ruseTis sinamdvileSi vlindeba da umZafresi

xasiaTiT ukiduresad zRudavda, aviwroebda glexobas. qristefore

cicqiSvilis azriT turgenevi da nekrasovi sakuTari msoflmedvelobrivi

poziciidan gamomdinare mZafrad upirispirdebodnen batonymobas da

miiCnevdnen mas rogorc borotebas. batonymobis kritika maT SemoqmedebaSi

ukavSirdeba ruseTis imperiis mmarTvelobiT sistemas, saerTod gamefebuli

reJimis gmobas. batonymoba da TviTmpyrobeloba erTmaneTisaganve

gamomdinareoben. qristefore cicqiSvilis azriT, saglexo reformas,

batonymobis gauqmebas ar moutania ruseTis sinamdvileSi socialuri

problematikis simZafris Sesusteba. saimperatoro xelisuflebam da

gabatonebulma fenebma xelidan ar gauSves glexobis ukiduresi

eqsploataciis berketebi.

misi werili `eqimis sizmari~ eZRvneboda ivane gomarTelis piesas da

aRniSnulia piesa Tavisi SinaarsiT socialuri xasiaTisaa. masSi moqmedi

gmirebi arian Raribi xalxis warmomadgenlebi, romelTac ar SeswevT

mkurnalobis safasuris dafarva. axalgazrda eqims damrigeblad deda

gamouCnda, romelic Svils urCevs angariSi ar gauwios xalxis mZime

mdgomareobas. eqimis pozicia ufro keTilSobiluria, umtkicebs dedas, rom

eqimis movaleoba mas uflebas ar miscems ar umkurnalos Raribs, amave

dros iafi fasis gamo xalxic ufro miakiTxavs. qristefore cicqiSvili

miiCnevda, rom warmodgeneli piesa xelovnuri iyo da avtoris uniWobaze

metyvelebda.

2. ruseTis koloniuri politikis mxileba

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTis mier qarTuli samefo-samTavroebisa da

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis

gauqmebis Semdeg erTmorwmune keTili mokavSire _ mfarvelis imiji

daimsxvra. qarTveli xalxi arasdros Serigebia saxelmwifoebrivi da

eklesiuri damoukideblobis gauqmebas. amis dasturi iyo 1802, 1804, 1812, 1819-

20, 1832, 1841 wlis ajanyebebi. marTalia isini marcxiT damTavrda, magram

qarTveli xalxi ar apirebda far-xmalis dayras da damarcxebasTan

Seguebas. ruseTis saero da sasuliero xelisufleba TavianTi gamomwvevi

qmedebebiT kidev ufro aRrmavebda dapirispirebas. XIX saukunis 20-ian

wlebSi mTavarmarTebel aleqsi ermolovs ruseTis imperator aleqsandre I-

saTvis aseTi Sinaarsis werili gaugzavnia. `Tqveno imperatorobiTo

udidebulesobav!

qarTveli xalxi ar aris Tqveni qveSemdgomis Rirsi, Tu kavkasiaSi

mcxovreb sxva xalxebs adamianobaze pretenzia ar aqvT da bednierebad

miiCneven ruseTis imperatoris qveSemdgomobas, qarTvelebi, rogorc

Tanasworebs ise gviyureben da ar miaCniaT bednierebad ruseTis

imperatoris qveSemdgomoba. ar iqneba qarTveli, ar iqneba kavkasiis

problema~ _ amitom iyo, rom ruseTis xelisuflebaSi SeimuSaves qarTvelTa

garusebis ufro daxvewili proeqtebi da misi ganxorcieleba daavales

cbier, moqnil da daundobel kolonizators mixeil voroncovs...

XIX saukunis 60-iani wlebidan TergdaleulTa erovnul-

ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba ilia WavWavaZis meTaurobiT gaerTianda

`mamuli, ena, sarwmunoebis~ droSis garSemo. es moZraoba miznad isaxavda

qarTveli xalxis saxelmwifoebrivi da eklesiuri damoukideblobis

aRdgenas. qarTveli samRvdeloebis inteleqtualuri nawili aqtiurad

CaerTo am moZraobaSi da mZafrad daupirispirda ruseTis xelisuflebis

saeklesio da saganmanaTleblo politikas. mRvdeli qristefore

cicqiSvili, rogorc qarTveli patrioti aqtiurad Caeba am brZolaSi. mis

fondSi daculia saintereso werilebi, romelic eZRvneba saeklesio

skolaSi qarTuli enis devna-Seviwroebis problemebs. igi sinanuliT

SeniSnavda: `saqarTvelos egzarqosebis mTavari da erTaderTi mizani iyo

SeeqmnaT iseTi sasuliero saswavlebeli, sadac qarTveli moswavleebi ara

RvTismetyvelebasa da sasuliero ganaTlebas daeuflebodnen, aramed

moxdeboda maTi garuseba. XX saukunis aTian wlebSi xelisuflebam

moaxerxa saeklesio skolebidan qarTuli enis gandevna. TviT qarTul

sasuliero naSromebic, romelTa gacnoba seminariaSi fragmentulad

xdeboda rusulad unda eswavlaT. swavlebis aseTma mankierma praqtikam

qarTvel axalgazrdebs guli aucrua sasuliero saswavleblebisadmi, aman

sazogadoebaSi ver dabada Sesabamisi, eklesiasTan, sasuliero pirebTan

ufro daaxloebis survili, piriqiT moxda maTi gaucxoeba.~8 qristefore

cicqiSvilma mxari dauWira ilia WavWavaZis, iakob gogebaSvilis, akaki

wereTlis, dimitri yifianis pozicias da daupirispirda kavkasiis

ganaTlebis olqis mzrunvels kirile ianovskis pedagogiuri Teoriebs.

kirile ianovski utifrad acxadebda, rom qarTveli eri rogorc erTiani ar

arsebobs da qarTuli enac ar warmoadgens saerTo enaso, amitom

aucilebeli aRar aris qarTul enaze swavlebao. qristefore cicqiSvili

SeniSnavda _ ianovskis aseTi `argumentebi~ garda imisa, rom absurdulia,

saxifaToa im mxrivac, rom qarTveli eris daSlis, erovnuli Segnebis

danawevrebas, kuTxurobis zrdas emsaxurebao. samegrelos skolebidan

qarTuli enis gandevnis mcdelobas daupirispirda guria-odiSis episkoposi

aleqsandre (oqropiriZe), romelic imperator nikoloz II-is brZanebiT 1903

wels gadayenebul iqna Tanamdebobidan da misi adgili daikava episkoposma

dimitrim (abaSiZe), rogorc qristefore cicqiSvili SeniSnavda oficialuri

xelisufleba episkoposebs mxolod im niSniT arCevda, Tu ramdebad sandoni

iyvnen isini xelisuflebisaTvis da rusuli eklesiisaTvis. episkoposi

dimitri (abaSiZe) erTgulad emsaxureboda ruseTis koloniur politikas da

gamoirCeoda Tavisi antiqarTuli saqmianobiT. igi saidumlo werilebSi,

romelsac peterburgSi imperatoris saxelze agzavnida, xelisuflebas

urCevda ufro mkacrad moqceodnen erovnuli ideebis damcvelebs da

daeCqarebinaT mxaris rusifikacia.

mRvdeli qristefore cicqiSvili SeniSnavda, qarTvel mosaxleobasa da

egzarqosebs Soris dapirispirebis mizezi iyo maTi antiqarTuli politika,

isini ar eridebodnen qarTveli xalxis istoriuli warsulisa Tu

Tanamedroveobis falsifikacias da saqmis viTarebas centralur

xelisuflebas ise uxatavdnen, TiTqos maTi samsaxuri urTulesi iyo velur,

mourjulebel qarTvelebSi. qristefore cicqiSvili werilSi `mgzebare

rusi patrioti~ exeboda dekanoz ivane vostorgovis saqmianobas. misi

daskvniT vostorgovi iyo v. veliCkos moswavle, romelic qarTveli xalxis

megobrad iTvleboda, sinamdvileSi es iyo yalbi megobroba, veliCkom didi

winaaRmdegoba gauwia mowinave qarTveli sazogadoebis wadils TbilisSi

daarsebuliyo universiteti, aseve winaaRmdegi iyo Tavis saqarTveloSi XIX

saukunis 70-iani wlebis reformebiT gaTvaliswinebuli saerobo da

sasamarTlo sistemis ganaxlebisa. veliCko qadagebda qarTveli xalxis

uperspeqtivobas, sulierebisagan mis daclas, misi megobroba ki imaSi

ixateboda, rom Zvel qarTvelebs moixseniebda gmirebad. dekanozi ivane

vostorgovi Tavis maswavleblebis saqmeTa Rirseul gamagrZeleblad iqca.

mas sZulda qarTvelebi da surda saeklesio skolebidan qarTuli enis

sruli gandevna. qristefore cicqiSvilis dakvirvebiT vostorgovi sakmaod

frTxili kaci iyo. 1901 wels igi Tvlida, rom skolebSi mSobliuri

literaturis swavlebas 6 kvireuli saaTi unda daTmoboda, magram rodesac

poziciebi gaimyara 1904 wels im motiviT, rom qarTuli ena ar iZleoda

saSualebas RvTismetyvelebis SeswavlisaTvis saerTod akrZala qarTul

enaze swavleba. vostorgovis mier Sedgenili saswavlo gegmebis veragoba

imaSic Canda, rom is qarTvelebi, romlebsac daviwyebuli hqondaT

mSobliuri ena valdebulni iyvnen eswavlaT rusulad da maTTvis gasageb

enaze. qristefore cicqiSvili safuZvlianad eWvobda, rom es gegma

mimarTuli iyo qarTuli erovnuli interesebis winaaRmdeg, gansakuTrebiT

axladSemoerTebul aWaris provinciaSi, sadac saswavlo gegmis Tanaxmad

unda eswavlaT Turqul da rusul enebze. iqmneboda imis saSiSroebac, am

gegmis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi qarTul enaze molaparakeebad ar

CaeTvalaT megrelebi, svanebi. es yvelaferi ruseTis Sovinisturi wreebidan

modioda da mas Teoriulad amagrebdnen imperiuli presis furclebze _

dasZenda qristefore cicqiSvili. misi azriT ivane vostorgovis saqmianoba

iyo ukiduresad reaqciuli da miznad isaxavda qarTveli xalxis

gadagvarebas. mama qristefore cicqiSvili qarTveli sasuliero wris erT-

erTi Rirseuli warmomadgeneli iyo da mkacrad upirispirdeboda ruseTis

saero da sasuliero xelisuflebis antiqarTul saganmanaTleblo

politikas. igi miiCnevda, rom qarTveli xalxis erovnuli da religiuri

interesebis dacva SesaZlebeli iqneboda Tu aRsdgeboda ruseTis

xelisuflebis mier saeklesio kanonikis uxeSi darRveviT gauqmebuli

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefalia.

3. brZola saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

avtokefaliis aRsadgenad

XIX saukunis dasawyisSi ruseTis saero da sasuliero xelisuflebam

gadawyvita saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

avtokefaliis gauqmeba. maTi argumentiT dauSvebeli iyo erT

marTlmadidebel saxelmwifoSi ramdenime avtokefaluri eklesiis arseboba.

sinamdvileSi ruseTis xelisuflebisaTvis axladdapyrobili qveynis rusul

saxelmwifo sivrceSi integraciisaTvis xelisSemSleli iqneboda

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia, romelic istoriulad

erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi da erovnuli cnobierebis sayrdeni iyo.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi anton II

1811 wels ruseTSi gadaasaxles, imperator aleqsandre I-is brZanebiT

gauqmda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia, kaTolikos-patriarqis

Tanamdeboba da saqarTvelos eklesias saTaveSi Caudga ruseTis wmida

sinods daqvemdebarebuli egzarqosi, 1811-1817 wlebSi pirveli egzarqosi iyo

qsnis erisTavTa STamomavali mitropoliti varlam erisTavi, 1817 wlidan

1917 wlamde saqarTvelos eklesias marTavdnen rusi egzarqosebi, romelnic

gamoxatavdnen ra oficialuri xelisuflebis pozicias, ibrZodnen qarTuli

tradiciebis, erovnuli cnobierebis winaaRmdeg. 1819-1820 wlebSi dasavleT

saqarTveloSi egzarqos Teofilaqte rusanovis politikis gamo daiwyo

ajanyeba. xelisuflebam ajanyebis moTaveebad gamoacxada quTaTeli

mitropoliti dosiTeozi (wereTeli) da genaTeli mitropoliti eqvTime

(ServaSiZe), romelnic daapatimra. xelfexSekruli moxuci mRvdelmTavrebi

ruseTSi unda gadaesaxlebinaT, dosiTeozi suramTan gardaicvala, eqvTime

peterburgis maxloblad sviris monasterSi gamoketes... daiwyo qarTveli

samRvdeloebis, qarTuli wirva-locvis, qarTuli galobis devna. qarTveli

xalxisaTvis mouTmeneli iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis aseT mdgomareobaSi yofna. mowinave qarTveloba mtkiced

daupirispirda rusi egzarqosebis reaqciul politikas. XIX saukunis 60-90-

ian wlebSi TergdaleulTa erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobaSi didi

adgili eWira saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis moTxovnas.

qarTul da rusul presaSi gamoCnda mecnierulad argumentirebuli

werilebi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

avtokefaliis aRdgenis aucileblobaze. werilebis avtorebi iyvnen:

nikoloz durnovi, episkoposebi: kirioni, leonide, dekanozebi: kalistrate

cincaZe, nikita TalakvaZe, qristefore cicqiSvili. mama qristefores

CanawerebSi didi adgili eTmoba qarTul enaze wirva-locvisa da galobis

aRdgenis aucileblobas. igi upirispirdeboda maT, vinc Tvlida rom

qarTuli galoba mosawyeni da damRlelia, rom igi ufro warmarTulia,

vidre qristianuli, mas miaCnda aseTi damokidebuleba mimarTuli iyo ara

marto qarTuli wirva-locvis, aramed saerTod qarTvelobis winaaRmdeg.

qristefore cicqiSvili aqtiurad monawileobda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliisaTvis warmoebul

brZolaSi. sainteresoa misi SeniSvnebi `qarTuli saeklesio saqmeebis gamo~.

am SeniSvnebSi Camoyalibebulia Semdegi moTxovnebi: 1. damoukidebloba

eklesiisa kaTolikosis meTaurobiT. 2. ZiriTadi reforma skolisa, romelic

iqneba qarTulenovani da sadac aRar iqneba wodebrivi principi. 3.

sasuliero pirTa momzadebisaTvis aucilebelia orwliani kursebi. 4.

sityvis, krebis, beWdvis Tavisufleba. 5. sasuliero pirTaTvis sruli

samoqalaqo uflebebis miniWeba.~9

1905 wels gamoqveynda ruseTis imperator nikoloz I-is manifesti,

romelSic mraval dapirebasTan erTad saubari iyo imaze, rom imperiis

mcxovrebT Tavisuflad SeeZloT gamoeTqvaT TavianTi azri qveyanaSi

arsebul problemebze da warmoedginaT am problemaTa gadaWris gzebi.

qarTvelma samRvdeloebam isargebla Seqmnili viTarebiT da gadawyvita

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxebze

TbilisSi samRvdeloebis yrilobis mowveva. gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba

aRiniSnos, am yrilobis mowvevis mTavari organizatori dekanozi

qristefore cicqiSvili iyo, romelmac eparqiebSi dagzavna Setyobinebebi

gamoegzavnaT delegaciebi TbilisSi, sadac 28 maiss Catardeboda yriloba.

rodesac es ambavi saqarTvelos egzarqos aleqsis (opocki) Seatyobines,

Tavzardacemulma saswrafod rkinigzis sadguris ufrosebs miwerilobebi

daugzavna 26-dan 30-maisamde arcerTi qarTveli mRvdlisaTvis TbilisSi

gamosamgzavrebeli bileTi ar miecaT, magram Tu isini ubileTod

matarebelSi Casxdomas moindomebdnen policias ZaliT CamoesvaT. Tbilisis

policias ebrZana 27-30 maiss TbilisSi Camosuli mRvdlebis dapatimreba...

aseTi ukiduresi RonisZiebani kidev ufro daZabavda viTarebas da

axladdaniSnulma mTavarmarTebelma grafma i. voroncov-daSkovma egzarqoss

agrZnobina ar surda seriozul skandalSi gaxveuliyo. egzarqosi aleqsi

iZulebuli gaxda ukan daexia. qarTveli samRvdeloeba Seikriba veris wmida

nikolozis eklesiis galavanSi. yrilobis Tavmjdomared arCeul iqna

dekanozi qristefore cicqiSvili mdivnebad mRvdlebi: i. jaSi da a.

miqelaZe. Tavmjdomarem gamoitana avtokefaliis sakiTxi, werilobiT teqsti

romelic unda gaegzavnaT ruseTis ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris saxelze,

sinodis oberprokurorisaTvis, kavkasiis mefis nacvlisa da uwmidesi

sinodis Tavmjdomaris mitropolit antonisaTvis. miRebuli teqstis

Sinaarsi aseTi iyo: `IV saukuneSi dafuZnebul iveriis eklesias saTaveSi

edga mTavarepiskoposi, romelic damokidebuli iyo antioqiis patriarqze. es

damokidebuleba nel-nela Sesustda da V saukuneSi iveriis eklesiis

mRvdelmTavrebma, romelTac sruliad iveriis kaTolikosTa wodeba miiRes,

TandaTan daimkvidres ufleba TavianTi eklesiis damoukideblad marTvisa.

mcxeTa-iveriis samTavarepiskoposom, romelisac kaTolikos-patriarqis

xarisxi mieniWa, sruliad damoukideblad daiwyo marTva, saTaveSi ki edgnen

kaTolikos-patriarqebi, wodebulni uwmidesad da unetaresad.

uZvelesi droidan mokidebuli XIX saukunemde iveriis avtokefaluri

eklesia arasdros yofila qvriv-oxeri, ruseTTan saqarTvelos SeerTebis

Semdegac ki aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi igi damoukideblad ganagrZobda

marTvas kaTolikos-patriarq anton II-is moTaveobiT, sxvagvarad arc

SeiZleboda yofiliyo. rodesac erekle meorem, qarTl-kaxeTis mefem rusTa

imperatoris uzenaesi xelisufleba da mfarveloba scno (1783 wlis 24

ivniss) xelSekrulebis VIII-e muxlSi daTqmuli iyo, rom `saqarTvelos

eklesiis marTvisa da ruseTis sinodisadmi mis damokidebulebaze unda

Sedges gansakuTrebuli muxli~, magram ar Sedgenila. Sedgenas xeli

SeuSala im garemoebam, rom ZvelTagan dadgenili wes-CveulebiT qarTveli

mefeebi eklesiis saqmeebSi ar ereodnen, Tu eklesia TviTon ar sTxovda maT

Semweobas.

imperatori pavle I, romelmac icoda es da ver poulobda gzas,

saqarTvelos avtokefaluri eklesia ruseTis sinods rogor

damorCileboda, general-leitenat knoringis saxelze daweril 1801 wlis 20

ianvris reskriptSi sxvaTa Soris ambobda, xels ar vaxleb saqarTvelos

eklesiis privilegiebso, magram, miuxedavad yovelivesi, miuxedavad

qarTveli xalxis survilisa SenarCunebuliyo kaTolikosis Tanamdeboba da

wodeba, rac 1801 wlis aprilSi qarTveli elCebis mier sagareo saqmeTa

saministrosaTvis wardgenil notaSi gamoiTqva, agreTve miuxedavad

kaTolikos anton II-is xelSekrulebebisa, romelmac daamtkica, rom iveriis

eklesia avtokefaluria da ar SeiZleba ruseTis sinods daemorCilos,

ruseTis mTavrobam kaTolikosi anton II aiZula 1810 wlis 3 noembers

ruseTSi wasuliyo, xolo iveriis eklesia ruseTis eklesias SeuerTa.

ruseTis mTavrobam sinodTan erTad miuxedavad III msoflio krebisa 8-e

wesisa da IV msoflio krebis 39-e wesisa, iveriis eklesiis avtokefalia

gaauqma da saqarTveloSi ise daiwyo egzarqosebis daniSvna, Tanxmoba ar

hqonda aRmosavleTis patriarqebisa da adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavrebisac ki.

ruseTis mTavrobam, roca iveriis eklesiis damoukidebloba gaauqma da igi

sinods daumorCila, samRvdeloebas saeklesio mamulebis uSualo

gamgebloba CamoarTva da mis mier daniSnul sammarTvelos gadasca. am

gankargulebiT dairRva saqarTvelos eklesiis ZvelisZveli uflebebi,

romelTa mixedviT saqarTvelos yvela mefe saerTod da kerZod

ukanasknelni mefeni _ erekle II da giorgi XII icavdnen im wess, rom mefe

saeklesio miwebs araTu waarTmevda, xelsac ver daakarebda maT.

mosalodneli iyo, saeklesio mamulebis saxelmwifos xelSi gadasvlis

Semdeg mTavrobas TviTon ekisra samRvdeloebis materialuri

uzrunvelyofa da mRvdelmsaxurebi am mxriv pirdapir ar yofiliyvnen

damokidebulni mrevlze. magram ase ar moxda. saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis

avtokefaluri da qonebrivi uflebebis CamorTmevas, qveyanaSi, mxareSi

xalxis sulierebisaTvis ucxo saeklesio mmarTvelobis SemoRebis qarTveli

xalxis saeklesio religiuri cxovrebis sruli dezorganizacia mohyva.

qarTvelma xalxma, romelsac aRar hyavda kaTolikosi _ qveynis `sulieri

mefe~ da moziare mefis winaSe, misi saxiT meoxi da mfarveli dahkarga.

gauqmda mravalsaukunovani kaTedrebi, daingra arqiteqturuli

TvalsazrisiT SesaniSnavi taZrebi, dacarielda monastrebi, daixura maTTan

arsebuli skolebi, xolo sanacvlod gaxsnili wminda rusuli sasuliero-

saswavlo dawesebulebani mRvdlobis iseT kandidatebs gvTavazoben,

romlebic qarTuli mrevlisaTvis sruliad moumzadebelni arian, mSobliur

niadags mowyvetil da biurokratiuli suliskveTebiT aRzrdil mRvdlebs,

xalxSi politikuri tendeciebis gamavrceleblebs saqarTvelos adrindel

mwyemsTa xibli ar aqvT. yovelive amis Semdeg odiTgan marTlmadidebel da

jvarmosil qarTvel xalxSi, romelic cxovrebas locvasa da islamTan

brZolaSi atarebda, aris SemTxvevebi RvTismsaxurTa Seuracyofisa, maTi

mkvlelobisa, Tavisi wridan ara marto mwyemsTa, aramed mwyemsmTavris

gaZevebisa, ZvelisZveli salocavebis wabilwvisa, gaZarcvisa, gadawvisa da

a.S.

qarTvelma samRvdeloebam mxedvelobaSi miiRo zemoTqmuli, agreTve is,

rom jer erTi, iveriis eklesia kanonikurad gaxlavT avtokefaluri,

vinaidan ar yofila krebis dadgenileba misi avtokefaliis gauqmebisa da

arc SeiZleboda yofiliyo: meored, mxolod eklesias, romelsac

Tavisuflad SeuZlia TviTSegnebis srulad aRiareba, Tavisufalia Sinagani

wyobilebiT, Tavisuflad ZaluZs Tavisi sityviT msaxureba, yvela Tavisi

saqmisa da misadmi rwmunebuli yovelTvis Tavisuflad marTva, mxolod

Tavisuflad TviTmmarTvel eklesias Seswevs unari, daicvas Tavisi sruli

didebuli wmida rwmena da savsebiT flobdes misi RvTaebrivi mowodebis

gansaxorcieleblad aucilebel xmas, romelic adamianis guls aRanTebs; da

bolos, eklesiis damoukideblad arsebobisaTvis metad saWiroa

materialuri saSualebani, amitom iTxovs:

1) iveriis eklesias daubrundes avtokefaluri uflebebi da Tavisi

kaTolikosiTurT aRsdges mcxeTa-iveriis sakaTolikoso. adrindel

sazRvrebSi (guberniebi: Tbilisi, quTaisis, baTumisa, nawili Savi zRvis

guberniisa _ afxazeTi, zaqaTalis olqi).

2. aRsdges wesi, rodesac RvTismsaxurTa ganTavisuflebul adgilebs

arCevnebis Sedegad ikaveben.

SeniSvna a: krebulis wevrT adgilebis dasakaveblad mrevli irCevs.

uflebaunarian kandidatebs. xolo samRvdeloeba da xalxis

warmomadgenelni, _ kaTolikossa da mRvdelmTavrebs. arCeul

mRvdelmTavars amtkicebs iveriis eklesiis yvela mRvdelmTavris kreba

kaTolikosis meTaurobiT da kaTolikosTan arsebuli wmida sinodi, xolo

kaTolikoss uzenaesi saero xelisufleba.

SeniSvna b: mRvdelmTavarTan arsebul saeparqio sabWoze ama Tu im

adgilze sasuliero pirTa kandidatebis arCevis saqmis jerovani ganxilvis

Semdeg arsebuls amtkiceben da Sesabamis wodebas aniWebs adgilobrivi

episkoposi, romelsac yovel SemTxvevaSi ufleba aqvs dasabuTebuli vetos

dadebisa.

3. kaTolikosTan dafuZndes wmida sinodi (Tavmjdomare kaTolikosi),

xolo eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebTan _ sabWoebi, Sedgenili garkveuli vadiT

arCeuli sasuliero da saero pirTagan.

4. kaTolikosTan arsebuli wmida sinodis xelSi moeqces yvela eklesiis,

monastris, samRvdeloebis, saswavlo-sasuliero dawesebulebisa da

saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebebis umaRlesi marTva-gamgeoba.

5. iveriis eklesias daubrundes saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemuli yvela

saeklesio mamuli~10 peticias xeli moawera 412 kacma. imisaTvis, rom

daemsxvriaT ruseTis xelisuflebis mtkiceba saqarTvelos eklesiis

avtokefaliis aRdgenas erTi muWa avantiuristebi moiTxoveno, yrilobis

monawileebi, romelTac mrevlic SeuerTda daaxloebiT aTasamde kaci

saeklesio droSebiT, jvar-xatebiTa da galobiT veris wmida nikolozis

eklesiidan golovinis (rusTavelis) prospeqtze gamovida da mefisnacvlis

sasaxlisaken daiZra. rodesac amis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos egzarqos aleqsis

Seatyobines man Tbilisis policiis ufross sTxova Jandarmebs meamboxe

samRvdeloeba darbeva. moxda dapirispireba da policiam sastikad daarbia

mSvidobiani msvlelobis monawileni, maTraxebiT scema samRvdeloeba.

saqarTvelos egzarqos aleqsisa da qarTvel xalxs Soris urTierToba

kidev ufro garTulda. ilia WavWavaZe sagangebod Sexvda mefisnacval i.

voroncov-daSkovs da esaubra saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

avtokefaliis aRdgenis aucileblobaze. am ambebis Semdeg, rogorc

qristefore cicqiSvili aRniSnavda: `egzarqosma aleqsim damibara Tavis

saxlSi, me mRvdel markoz tyemalaZis, dekanoz dimitri xaxutaSvilis da

dekanoz avdaSkeviCis TandaswrebiT ganvucxade. mas, rom yazaxebis simxece

sul Seni bralia meTqi, Sen CvenTan araviTari kavSiri ara gaqvs, rom Sen

xar dekanoz i. vostorgovis yma, rasac is CagZaxebda imasve amoiZaxebdi,

isic gageqca da davrCiT axla uegzarqosod, radgan i. vostorgovi iyo

namdvili egzarqosi meTqi~.11

xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

avtokefaliis sakiTxebze emsjela 1906 wels peterburgSi sinodis sagangebo

sxdomaze. qarTveli sazogadoeba kargad acnobierebda, rom ruseTis saero

da sasuliero xelisufleba sakiTxs dadebiTad ar gadawyvetda, magram

mniSvnelovani iyo is garemoeba, rom sakiTxi gacda samecniero kamaTis

sferos, man saerTaSoriso rezonansi SeiZina. peterburgSi sinodis sxdomaze

didi Sexla-Semoxla moxda. saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis

ideas mxars uWerdnen episkoposebi: kirioni (saZagliSvili), leonide

(oqropiriZe), profesorebi: niko mari, aleqsandre cagareli, aleqsandre

xaxanaSvili. qarTveli avtokefalistebis winaaRmdeg gamovida Cveni

Tanamemamule, moRalate episkoposi dimitri (abaSiZe)... ruseTis

xelisuflebam qarTveli avtokefalistebis diskreditaciisaTvis gaavrcela

Worebi maTi teroristobis Sesaxeb da daiwyo represiebi. policiis mkacri

meTvalyureobiT gadaasaxles episkoposi kirioni, sdevnidnen leonides,

arqimandrit ambrosis. qristefore cicqiSvili ixsenebda: `generalma

amilaxvarma damibara qarTlSi mogzaurobis dros da sxvaTa Soris mkiTxa

ratom esa da es qalaqeli mRvdeli ar airCies krebaze Tavmjdomared da

Sen agirCieso. me vupasuxe, qalaqelebs (imisagan dasaxelebulebs) SedarebiT

kargi adgilebi uWiravT, egzarqosTanac axlo arian da ar undodaT

ewyeninebinaT misTvis meTqi, me ki vfiqrobdi, rom saTqmeli unda Tqmuliyo.

vinmes unda gaewia Tavmjdomareoba, rom yriloba ar CaSliliyo, ar

vfiqrobdi, rom adgilidan gadaveyenebine mTavrobas da, Tu gadamayenebda

mainc da mainc, naTqvamia `gadmomigde itria, viTomc erTi kitria~,12

qarTvelma samRvdeloebam represiebis, devna-Seuracxyofis miuxedavad uari

ar Tqva saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis

ideaze da rodesac ruseTis imeriaSi kidev ufro gamwvavda socialur-

politikuri krizisi, (1917 wlis TebervalSi imperatori nikoloz II

taxtidan gadadga s.v.) isargebla Seqmnili mdgomareobiT da 1917 wlis 12

(25) marts sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZarSi saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefalia aRdgenilad

gamoacxada. am brZolaSi TvalsaCino iyo dekanoz qristefore cicqiSvilis

damsaxureba.

1905 wlis Semodgomaze TbilisSi avlabarSi gaixsna qalaqis progimnazia,

sadac qalaqis Tavis CerqeziSvilis daxmarebiT qristefore cicqiSvili

dainiSna saRvTo sjulis maswavleblad 1911 wlis 23 aprils mas

gardaecvala meuRle da Svilebis, ojaxis problemebi mTlianad Tavis

Tavze aiRo.

dekanozi qristefore cicqiSvili aqtiurad monawileobda 1917 wlis 8-17

seqtembers Catarebul pirveli saeklesio krebis muSaobaSi. igi sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis Tanamdebobaze mxars uWerda Tbileli

mitropolitis leonides kandidaturas sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos

patriarqad episkoposis kirionis arCevis Semdeg opoziciaSi Caudga

uwmidessa da unetaress kirion II-s. misi ganwyoba kargad sCans 1918 wlis

TebervalSi mis mierve daarsebul sasuliero Jurnal `axal sityvaSi~.

`saqarTvelos politikur Tavisuflebas qarTvelma erma waumZRvara win

Tavisuflebam eklesiisa _ aRniSnavda igi _ vinc ra unda Tqvas Cven ki am

faqts did mniSvnelobas vaniWebT, xalxi Tvinier sarwmunoebisa,

warmoadgens cxovelTa jogs, romelsac veraviTari Zala, veraviTari

adamianis avtoriteti ver miaRebinebs zneobriv valdebulebaTa saWiroebas.

amas mowmobs istoriac da dRevandeli ruseTis areulobac, sadac

urwmunoebis xazgasmiT qadagebam xalxis masas cxoveluri instiqtebi

umwvervalesad aRugzna, ris Sedegebsac Cveni TvaliT vxedavT: adamianis

Rirebulebis dacemas, daundoblobas, Seubraleblobas, TviTgasamarTlebas

da sxv. eklesia da religia, xalxis amamaRlebeli, zneobrivad

ganmaspetakebeli saSualebaa da aseTi daniSnuleba rom Seasrulos

eklesiam Tavisufali unda iyos. es Tavisufleba Cvenma eklesiam moipova,

magram ar kmara saqarTvelos saegzarqosos, saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso

daerqvas, ar kmara Zveli titulebis aRdgena, Zveli sakaTalikoso

Sesamoselis gamomziureba, saWiroa fxianoba, SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis

gaCaReba, unari moqmed Zalebis SemCnevisa, dafasebisa da maTi

SeTanxmebulad darazmvisa, naklebi `meoba~ da meti `Cvenoba~ saqme bevria,

eklesiuri cxovreba rogorc yovelive am qveynad, cvalebadobas ganicdis,

igi TandaTan unda axldebodes da umjobesdebodes. am cxoveli ganaxlebis

gzaze mtkice siaruli aris daniSnuleba qarTuli Tavisufali eklesiisa.~13

qristefore cicqiSvili iyo saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos oficialuri

Jurnal `sveticxovlis~ saredaqcio kolegiis wevri, magram Jurnalis

arasasurveli mimarTulebis gamo, rogorc igi aRniSnavda datova

saredaqcio kolegiis wevroba. igi daufaravad akritikebda uwmidessa da

unetaress kirion II-s. acxadebda `Tu vinmesaTvis cxadi ar aris Cveni mizani,

vityviT kidev. Cven ar movisvenebT sanam Cveni ufrosebi ar iwameben wmida

kolegiur gamgeobas, sanam igini ar mieCvevian pativiT mopyran umravlesobis

azrs~.24 vfiqrob usamarTlo iyo kaTolikos-patriarq kirion II

dadanaSauleba arakolegialur mmarTvelobaSi. im droisaTvis

sakaTalikoso sabWo kolegialuri mmarTvelobis saukeTeso forma iyo.

qristefore cicqiSvilis kaTolikos-patriarq kirion II-sadmi

damokidebuleba kargad Canda mis gamouqveynebel werilSi `kaTolikosi

kirioni da misi Rvawli-moRvaweoba.~ `kaTolikosi kirioni II gvarad

saZagliSvilia. pirvandeli misi moRvaweoba gamoirkveva Telavisa da goris

sasuliero saswavleblebSi, sadac dResac aris darCenili kvali am

moRvaweobisa, magram amaze hkiTxos Telavelebsa da gorelebs. giorgi

saZagliSvilma 1896 wlis miwurulSi miiRo beroba kurTxeul iqmna

egzarqos vladimiris, SemdegSi kievis mitropolitis mier, romelsac

iRumenma kirionma Tavis droze xotba-dideba Seasxa. `qarTlSi

mociqulebrivi mogzaurobisaTvis. Cven viciT egzarqosma vladimerma ra

sikeTec uyo qarTul eklesias Tavis aq, Tu petrograd kievSi _

mitropolitad yofnis dros. Semdeg momavalma kaTolikosma miiRo goris

episkoposoba. am dros imereTis kaTedra iyo daWerili leonides da guria-

odiSisa aleqsandres mier. arcerTi ar apirebda im xanad sikvdils da

kirions ki esaWiroeboda frTebis gaSla. amisaTvis iTxova Tavisi ruseTSi

gadayvana. mamulis moyvaruli adamiani amjobinebda Taviss samSobloSi

samsaxurs _ ucxo qveyanaSi aRmatebis survils, magram kacia da bunebao.

pirvel xanad imedi ar gaumarTlda kirions. misces mxolod

qorepiskoposoba ruseTSi, magram mere daimsaxura q. oriolis kaTedra.

dadga 1905 weli. iaponiam rigianad Sebertya fuyi, bumberazi ruseTi.

ruseTis TviTmpyrobeloba Seirya, sxva da sxva xalxebma warudgina ruseTis

mTavrobas moTxovnilebani. saqarTvelos samRvdeloebamac wamoayena

moTxovnileba saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. jer imereTis

samRvdeloebam, episkoposis leonides meTaurobiT gamoitana Tavis

saeparqio krebaze dadgenileba amis Sesaxeb martSi, da mere qarTl-kaxeTis

samRvdeloebam 1905 wlis maisis yrilobaze, rodesac moxda yvelasagan

samaxsovro ambebi. episkopos kirions am moTxovnaTa SeqmnaSi araviTari

monawileoba ar miuRia arc sityviT arc saqmiT. esma ki ra oriolSi,

saqarTvelom avtokefaliis sakiTxi wamoayenao, iTxova maSindelisaTvis

daclili soxumis kaTedra, raica sinodma misca, rom amiT qarTvelebis

guli moego da avtokefaliis moTxovnilebis survili gaenelebina. amrigad,

kirioni gamoeSura saqarTveloSi sxvam aravin damaswros kaTolikosobis

miRebao. 1906 wels kirioni da leonidi gawveul iqmnen sinodSi Cveni

eklesiis saqmeebze. ar viciT rogor, ris da vis saSualebiT, episkoposma

kirionma miiRo dapireba maSindeli ober-prokurorisagan, rom, Tu

saqarTvelos samRvdeloeba dakmayofildeba amiT, Sen dagniSnavT

egzarqosado. am winadadebiT moevlina episkoposi kirioni TbilisSi

saqarTvelos samRvdeloebis delegatebs, romelTaganac kategoriuli uari

miiRo am kombinaciaze. es uari gamomdinareobda im davalebisagan, romelic

daekisra orTave episkoposs, kirions da leonides, moeTxovaT avtokefalia

da ar gaemarTaT sinodTan raime vaWroba. sinodis ober-prokurors egona,

rom kirioni daiTanxmebda qarTvel samRvdeloebas dakmayofilebuliyvnen

rusi egzarqosis qarTveliT SecvliT da rodesac dainaxa, rom es kirionma

ver SeZlo, soxumidan sadRac qorepiskoposad gadaiyvana ruseTSi. am

Tanamdebobas Tavi daaneba TavisiT da sinodma misca sacxovreblad

romeliRac monasteri. amasobaSi saqarTveloSi mokles egzarqosi nikoni. am

mkvlelobaSi monawileoba usabuTod da ganukiTxavad daabrala sinodma

episkopos kirions da arqimandrit ambrosis. amis gamo ambrosi uecrad

gagzavnes `staraia rusias~ monasterSi da daumorCiles sastik reJims.

aseTive mdgomareobaSi Caayenes episkoposi kirionic... 1917 wlis 27

Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg 12 (25) martisaTvis gadawyda mcxeTaSi

gamocxadebuliyo saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia. am dRisaTvis

polockidan gamoiwvies episkoposi kirioni, romelic ar movida. Semdeg,

roca gaigo avtokefaliis gamocxadeba, gaswia sinodSi da iqidan

mociqulad mogvevlina sinodisa da ober-prokurorisagan... Semdeg ki

medaviTne-diakonTa wyalobiT miiRo kaTolikosoba... ai mokled mowameobrivi

Rvawli kirion II. eparqiebis Zebna ruseTis sivrceze, sinodTan da ober-

prokurorebTan vaWroba, maT mier mociqulad movlineba saqarTveloSi aq

mtkiceba, rom sinodsa da ober-prokurorebs didad hyavT miCneuli igi,

xolo iq, sinodSi rwmuneba, rom aq saqarTveloSi didad miRebuli hyavs,

yvelasa, ai taqtika kirionisa... rogori yalbic aris mowamebrivi

Saravandedi kirion II-sa, iseTivea misi mecnieruli SaravandediT.

sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebulia yalbi azri, rogorc misi mowamebrivobisa,

ise mecnierobisa. brbo briyvia, sakmarisia gaigonos ama da am kacma raRac

sqeli wigni dawerao, rom mecnierebis sigeli SesTavazos. Tu ra Sinaarsisa

es mecnieruli naSTi, aravin ukvirdeba.~15 samwuxaroa, friad samwuxaro

qristefore cicqiSvilis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq

uwmidessa da unetaress kirion II-sadmi aseTi damokidebuleba. mama

qristefore kirionis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis gadmocemisas uSvebs

seriozul uzustobebs. jer kidev XIX saukunis 90-iani wlebidan qarTul da

rusul Jurnal-gazeTebSi araerTi mecnieruli werili gamoaqveyna

episkoposma kirionma saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis problemebze.

ruseTis xelisufleba Tvlida, rom episkoposi kirioni iyo avtokefaluri

moZraobis xelmZRvaneli da amitom devnida mas. igi Tavisi surviliT ar

wasula ruseTSi, aiZules daetovebina samSoblo, xSirad ucvlidnen

eparqiebs, bolos ki sanaqsaris udabnoSi gadaasaxles policiis mkacri

meTvalyureobis qveS, CamoarTves episkoposis xarisxic. i. Cijavamisadmi

gamogzavnil werilSi igi werda: `Cemi aq yofna xom metad mZimea, magram miT

ufro damimZimda, rodesac gulsaklavi da arasanugeSo ambebi momiva

samSoblodan... momavali Cvens xelSia, keTilsindisieri Sromaa misi

damagvirgvinebeli win fiandazis magivrad, marTalia, ekliani gza gavides,

magram vardi ueklod vis moukrefia, siyvaruliT unda avitanoT tanjva,

vinaidan tanjva siyvarulis nayofia, Zala tanjvaSia.~16 rac Seexeboda

episkopos kirionis mecnieruli moRvaweobis Sefasebas, vfiqrob, mama

qristefore aqac subieqturia, kirionis mecnieruli saqmianobas afasebdnen

da angariSs uwevdnen: prof. niko mari, eqvTime TayaiSvili, ivane

javaxiSvili, aleqsandre Saxmatovi, aleqsandre cagareli, grigol yifSiZe,

Tedo Jordania da sxv. kirionTan megobrobdnen ilia WavWavaZe, akaki

wereTeli, vaJa-fSavela, iakob gogebaSvili, sofrom mgalobliSvili.

arasworia kaTolikos-patriarq kirionis yalbi didebis SaravandediT

moxsenieba.

1918 wlis 26 maiss saqarTvelom aRadgina saxelmwifoebrivi

damokidebuleba, magram xelisuflebis saTaveSi aRmoCnda ara erovnuli

mimarTulebis social-demokratebis jgufi, romelnic acxadebdnen, rom

aSenebdnen dasavluri tipis demokratiuli saxelmwifos. maTTvis ucxo iyo

religiuroba. isini iseT dadgenilebebs iRebdnen, romelSic ar iyo

gaTvaliswinebuli saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis

roli da mniSvneloba. social-demokratebma eklesia saxelmwifosagan,

skola eklesiisagan gamohyves. 1918 wlis 1 dekembers mexuTe gimnaziis

qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavleblobidan sasuliero pirobis gamo

gaaTavisufles dekanozi qristefore cicqiSvili. igi am dros iyo Tbilisis

universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis Tavisufali msmeneli,

Semdeg Cairicxa Tbilisis pedagogiur institutSi, romelic daamTavra 1921

wels. 1918 wlis ivnisidan 1920 wlis 1 seqtembramde RvTismsaxurebas eweoda

qarTul jarSi. 1921 wlis 1 ivlisidan 30 oqtombramde sakaTolikoso sabWos

davalebiT msaxurobda goris mazris sofel nabaxtevis droebiT mRvdlad.

dekanozi qristefore cicqiSvili aqtiur monawileobas iRebda 1921 wlis 1-5

seqtembers gelaTSi gamarTuli III saeklesio krebis muSaobaSi. uwmidesi da

unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq leonides

gardacvalebis Semdeg bolSevikurma saokupacio xelisuflebam qarTvel

samRvdeloebas ar misca ufleba TbilisSi saeklesio krebis Catarebis da

axali kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevisa, amitom gadawyda gelaTSi krebis

gamarTva. krebam sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad airCia cxum-

bedieli mitropoliti ambrosi. krebaze miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba

daemtkicebinaT urbnisis eparqiis samRvdeloebis mier gamorCeuli dekanozi

qristefore urbnel episkoposad, amave dros miuTiTa, rom amieridan

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebis gamorCeva

moxdeboda mxolod sakaTalikoso sabWosa da kaTolikos-patriarqis mier.

urbnel episkoposad dekanoz qristefore cicqiSvilis gamorCeva

gaaprotestes dekanozebma nikita TalakvaZem, ioseb CijvaZem, vasil

karbelaSvilma...

1922 wlis 18 marts sveticxovelSi Sesrulda misi episkoposad xeldasxma.

wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg am sityvebiT mimarTa man saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTolikoso sabWos wevrebs, sazogadoebas.

`uwmideso meufeo, Tqveno yovlad usamRvdeloesobav, mowyaleno

xelmwifeno!

RvTis gangebiT, nebiTa sruliad saqarTvelos mesame saeklesio (gelaTis)

krebisa da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis da

mRvdelmTavarTa, me mowodebul var umaRles samRvdelo xarisxis,

episkoposobis misaRebad. vmadlob pirvel yovlisa RmerTsa da zecier

mRvdelmTavarsa, ufalsa Cvensa ieso qristesa, romelmac Rirs-myo aseTsa

didsa pativsa, gmadlobT Tqven, uwmideso meufeo, sruliad saqarTvelos

eklesiis mwyemso keTilo, vmadlob mesame saeklesio krebis wevrT-

mRvdelmTavarTa, sxvaTa sasuliero da saero, pirTa, rom ar mihxedeT Cems

uRirsebas da micaniT Rirsad episkoposis xarisxis miRebisa: cxadia CemTvis

_ Tqvenma lmobierebam dahfara auracxelni naklovanebani Cemni.

`ara ars ufleba, garna RmrTisagan~ (rom. 13.1), _ ambobs mociquli pavle,

magram ara yoveli uflebiT mosili aris saamo RvTisaTvis, arian ufleba

mosilni, RvTisagan risxvad movlenilni, rogorc faraoni moses dros,

irodi, anna da kaiafa da sxvani mravalni Zvelad da dReindelsa dResac,

magram me vsasoeb, rom Tqvens arCevanSi Cems Sesaxeb, ufals hnebavs

gamoaRebios keTili nayofi Cems moRvaweobas erisaTvis.

Tqven nu geucxovebaT, me vityvi, rom me am bolo dromde fiqradac ar

momsvlia episkoposobis xarisxis miReba, arc aravin Semiwuxebia amisaTvis.

vicodi, rom ar SemiZlia Rirseulad vataro es mZime tvirTi. marTalia,

siyrmiTve mqonda Canergili gulSi RvTisa da eris samsaxuri, magram me

Cemis cxovrebiT vgavdi ufro saxarebis igavis im Svils, romelmac mamis

brZanebas, rom wasuliyo da emuSavna venaxSi, xalisiT upasuxa, axlave

wavalo, magram dapireba ar Seasrula.

da sruliad bunebrivad vekiTxebi Cems Tavs, var Rirsi episkoposobis

xarisxis miRebisa, Tu ara? moses sityvebi rom gavimeoro: `ufalo, miavline

sxva igi, romlisa mivlineba ZalgiZs,~ Tu isaiasi: `aha, ufalo, mimavline

me!~ ukeTu gavixseneb pavle mociqulis sityvebs: `jer ars episkoposisa

ubiwo yofaY (tites mim. 1.7) da sxva, ukeTu warmovidgen gonebiT, Tu viTar

SeaZrwunebda wmidaTa mamaTa: basili didsa, grigol RvTismetyvelsa, ioane

oqropirsa, ambrosi mediolanelsa da sxvaTa mravalTa episkoposis xarisxis

miReba, uneblieT daveTanxmebi maT, visac uRirsad mivaCnivar episkoposis

xarisxis miRebisaTvis. magram vsasoeb yovlad SemZlebeli RmerTi

gankurnebs sulierTa da xorcielTa uZlurebaTa CemTa da momcems SeZlebas

gavamarTlo maTi imedi, vinc ar dahxeda Cems uZlurebas da momiwoda am did

TanamdebobisaTvis.

Znelia dRes RvTisa da eris samsaxuri. msoflio omma sruliad

gadaatriala tradiciuli Sexedulebani. Zlierni taxtni mefeTani

daimsxvren. Zveli tirania moispo, magram, `Sekrebasa RvarZlisasa

aRmohfxvres ifqlica.~ (mT. 13,29) da ifqli ufros, vidre RvarZli.

gansakuTrebiT ekveTnen sarwmunoebas. dRes, sarwmunoeba miaCnia naswavlsa

da uswavlels, adamianis damamcirebel da ukan CamomrCen faqtorad. aseTi

garemoeba gvaZlevs Cven, sasuliero moRvaweT, Sesaferisad aRviWurvod da

ise vimoqmedoT. marTalia, eklesia qristesi uryevia Tavis safuZvlebiT,

magram eklesiis moqmedeba, xan martivdeba, xan ki rTuldeba da farTovdeba,

cxovrebisda gvarad. gonebrivi, zneobrivi, politikuri, ekonomiuri da

socialuri cvalebadoba aRibeWdebis eklesiis cxovrebazec. aseTi

sazogadoebrivi cvlilebani moiTxoven eklesiisa da mis msaxurTagan

cxovrebasTan Sefardebul moqmedebas, erTgvar Seguebas da alRos aRebas.

erT wertilze gaCereba niSnavs ukan CamorCenas da erTgvar sikvdils.

Tu davakvirdebiT axla Cvens garSemo cxovrebis duRils, SevniSnavT, rom

sazogadoebis sxva da sxva wreebma Taviseburad, magram yvelam uaryofiTad

ganicades ganvlili ambebi. Cveni inteligencia sxva da sxva mizezebisa gamo

am ukanasknel saukunebSi ar yofila pativismcemeli eklesiisa, am bolo

dros ki am inteligenciaSi gaimarjva da saTaveSi moeqca cxovrebas is

nawili, romelic eklesiisadmi gulgrilobas ki aRar sjerdeba, aramed

eklesias sastik oms ucxadebs. marTalia, xalxis daxmarebiT man daamxo

tirania TviTmpyrobelobisa, magram TviT uimedod dasneulda utopizmiT.

saiqio samoTxis uarismyofelebma moindomes RvTisa da sarwmunoebis gmobiT

saaqao samoTxis damyareba. magram cxadi Seiqna, ureligioT zneobis

damyareba fuWi ocnebaa. sarwmunoebis damcirebas mohyveba am qveynadve

jojoxeTi. adamiani _ adamianisTvis mgeliao, ityodnen romaelebi. es

sityvebi dRes alegorias ki aRar Seicaven. alag-alag adamiani ise daeca,

rom kacis mWamelad iqca.

inteligenciis aseTma qadagebam is nayofi gamoiRo, rom mdabio xalxi,

zneobrivad daeca, verc uflebrivad moipova rame: aseTive dabeCavebulia,

rogorc uwin. verc ekonomiurad gaRonierda, piriqiT, misi keTildReoba

dids gansacdelSia.

rogor Sexvda axal cvlilebebs samRvdeloeba? mRvdlebi arian

episkoposis TanamSromelni da mis ganzraxvaTa aRmasrulebelni.

samwuxarod samRvdeloebis umravlesobas daviwyebuli aqvs saxareba

qristesi, imas SemuSavebuli aqvs Tavisi saxareba da morali. aramc Tu

unaklulod ar asrulebs igi Tavis movaleobas, aramed mravali mRvdeli

TveSi erTxelac ar Seixedavs eklesiaSi. loToba, garyvnileba, gautanloba,

umcros TanamoZmis daCagvra, mis kuTvnil Semosavlis miTvisebiT _ Zalian

xSiri movlenaa samRvdeloebaSi, kerZoT qarTlSi. saWiroa uRirs mwyemsTa

gasworeba, jiutTa CamoSoreba eklesiisagan da saerTod - samRvdeloebaSi

Setana Tavis Rirsebis Segnebis da dacvisa, saWiroa misi modunebuli

energiis amoZraveba.

rodesac Cvenis eklesiis CamoTvlil wylulebs gaviTvaliswineb,

uneblieT Semipyrobs SiSi da sasowarkveTileba winamdebare sarbielze

gamosvlis Jams. magram did ars ufali da ganuzomelia mowyaleba misi

Cvenda mimarT! me mrwams: Tvinier sarwmunoebisa ar aris eris keTildReoba

da xsna. yoveli sasicocxlo niSnebis matarebeli eri unda eyrdnobodes

sarwmunoebas. CvenTvis, qarTvelebisaTvis xom qristianuli sarwmunoeba aris

cxovelsmyofeli sveti, romelsac eyrdnoba misi saiqio da saaqao

bedniereba. qristianebis Sesustebam daauZlura saqarTvelo. droTa ukuRma

trialma gaamahmadiana mesamedze meti qarTveloba. veraviTarma propagandam

veRar moaqcia maTi guli saqarTvelosken. amis mowamenia saingilo,

afxazeTi, mesxeTi, tao-klarjeTi, borCalo. mainc qristianuli sarwmunoeba

aris cxoveli sveti qarTveli eris arsebobisa. amitomac uwoda qarTvelma

erma Tavis qristianobis akvans, embazs, pirvelsa da umTavres saydars

mcxeTaSi `sveticxoveli~. es `sveti cxoveli~ uZRoda Cvens mama-papaT

mraval saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi win, rogorc Rrublis sveti uZRoda da

unaTebda gzas udabnoSi egviptis monobisagan TavdaRweul israels. dRes es

sveti ise veRar brwyinavs, rogorc daviT aRmaSeneblis da Tamaris dros,

mas nisli gadaefara da veRar swvdeba misi sxivebi saqarTvelos yovel

kuTxes. am svets ebrZoda sparseTis da Semdeg osmaleTis musulmanoba, mas

ebrZoda da dResac ebrZvis viTomda qristianul ruseTis uxeSi Zala, Zveli

da axali, magram Zalumia qarTvel eris Zveli kultura, romelic

gaRviZebuli iyo, jer kidev X s-is uwinares qristes mosvlisa da

gakeTilSobilda qristianobis zedgavleniT. dResac magrada sdgas Cveni

sasoeba `sveticxoveli~ _ eklesia qristesi. `sveti-cxoveli~ miafens Tavis

Saravandeds saqarTvelos yovel kuTxes da Sehkrebs mTlian saqarTvelos.

isev `svetmacxovelma~ unda adinos da awveTos qarTvelTa gulSi mironi

dauSreteli da misces mas Zali da simxne RvTisa da samSoblos

siyvarulisa da samsaxurisa.

am rwmeniT da sasoebiT miviReb mRvdelmTavrobis xarisxs. mivandob

ufals Cems Tavs da SevTxov mas, momces Zali da simxne urcxvenelad

viRvawo sadideblad misda da sasargeblod erisa Cvenisa. vsasoeb, rom

madli sulisa wmidisa, romelic movlinebul iqneba Cemzeda, uwmideso

meufeo da Tqveno yovladusamRvdeloesobav, locviTa da xeldasxmiTa

TqvenisaTa, Seavsebs naklovanebaTa CemTa. iloceT CemTvis Tqvenca, mamano da

Zmano, raTa ganamtkicos ufalma Zalni Cemni, raTa waremaTebodnen

sulieriTa hasakiTa Cem mier ZRvanebulni pirmetyvelni cxovarni da

mwyemsni, raTa ara warviwymido suli Cemi da arca warvswymido sulni

sulierTa SvilTa CemTani.~17 meufe qristefores es sityva zustad asaxavda

XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis saqarTvelos socialur-politikuri da

sulieri cxovrebis suraTs. bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisufleba rogori

naTeli ferebiTac ar unda SefuTuliyo gonieri adamianebs ver moatyuebda.

modioda ngrevisa da warsulis uaryofis mZime periodi... sasuliero wodeba

unda momzadebuli Sexvedroda mosalodnel gansacdels...

4. mRvdelmTavrobis xana 1921 wlis 25 Tebervals sabWoTa ruseTis saokupacio jarebi TbilisSi

Semovidnen, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavroba jer

quTaisSi, Semdeg baTumSi gadavida, saidanac emigraciaSi wavida. evropis

saxelmwifoebma mxolod diplomatiur doneze gaaprotestes bolSevikuri

ruseTis mier saqarTvelos dapyroba. axalma saokupacio xelisuflebis

umaRlesma organom `revkomma~ gaauqma saqarTvelos demokratiuli

respublikis mTavrobis dadgenilebani, parlamentis mier damtkicebuli

saqarTvelos konstitucia, bolSevikuri saokupacio reJimis

mowinaaRmdegeTa mimarT daiwyo terori. apatimrebdnen da gausamarTleblad

xocavdnen qarTvels patriotebs, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva provinciebSi

sisxlis gubeebi dadga. bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisuflebis mTavari

samizned iqcnen qarTuli erovnuli cnobierebis matarebeli inteligencia

da aristrokratia. maTTvis miuRebeli iyo samSoblos, erovnebis cneba. _

saqarTvelo Zalian gaTavxedda da igi unda gadaixnas. _ am sityvebis

avtorma ioseb stalinma yvelaferi gaakeTa Tavisi samSoblos gadasaxnavad.

1921-1922 wlebSi saqarTvelos CamoaSores erTa ligis mier saqarTvelos

saxelmwifos kanonier sazRvrebSi moqceuli Semdegi teritoriebi:

istoriuli tao-klarjeTi, lore-taSiris olqi, saingilo, soWis raioni.

garda amisa darCenili teritoria daaqucmaces avtonomiebad (afxazeTi,

aWara, samxreT oseTi). saqarTvelo Tavisi avtonomiebiT Seiyvanes

amierkavkasiis federaciaSi da misi meSveobiT axal modernizebul rusul

imperiaSi, romelsac sabWoTa kavSiri uwodes.

bolSevikuri xelisufleba iyo urwmuno fanatikosebis jgufi, romelTac

sZuldaT tradiciuli religiebi da swamdaT axlad Seqmnili kerpebi

marqsi, engelsi, lenini, stalini, trocki, buxarini, zinovievi. saokupacio

xelisufleba SiSobda maTi bodviTi ideebi xalxSi fexs ver moikidebda, Tu

ar mospobdnen marTlmadidebel qristianul sarwmunoebas. 1921 wlisaTvis

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias 1450 moqmedi eklesia,

25 monasteri, 1600 sasuliero piri hyavda. es mniSvnelovani Zala iyo da

bolSevikebis mtkicebiT saWiro iyo maTi ganadgureba. saokupacio

xelisuflebis revkomis 1921 wlis 15 aprilis dadgenilebiT saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia gamocxadda iuridiuli statusis

armqone organizaciad da mTeli misi qoneba bolSevikuri xelisuflebis

sakuTrebad. am dadgenilebis gamocemis Semdeg daiwyo agresiuli aTeizmis

umZimesi xana, eklesia-monastrebis administraciuli wesiT daxurva,

saeklesio siwmideTa Seuracxyofa _ dataceba, eklesiaTa ngreva, sasuliero

pirTa dapatimreba _ daxvreta. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias Tavs

daatyda saSineli terori da ciliswameba. aseT rTul epoqaSi mouxda

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis Tanamdebobaze saqmianobis

dawyeba cxum-bediel mitropolits, uwmidessa da unetaress ambrosis.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma samociqulo eklesiam gelaTis saeklesio

krebaze mkacrad gaaprotesta bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisuflebis mier

miRebuli 1921 wlis 15 aprilis dadgenileba da moiTxova misi gauqmeba,

vinaidan igi ewinaaRmdegeba sindisis Tavisuflebis dekrets. `xelisuflebis

mier am samarTliani moTxovnis uaryofa maCvenebeli iqneba imisa, rom

marTlmadidebeli eklesia gamocxadebulia devnil sarwmunoebad da es

garemoeba ecnobeba yvela morwmuneT.~18 saokupacio xelisuflebam ara Tu

gaauqma aRniSnuli dadgenileba, aramed kidev ufro gaaZliera represiebi.

aseT rTul viTarebaSi daiwyo Tavisi samRvdelmTavro movaleobis

Sesruleba episkoposma qristefore cicqiSvilma, romelic akurTxes

manglel-urbnelad. am dros aRniSnuli eparqiebi, iq myofi samRvdeloeba

xelisuflebisgan ganicdida sastik zewolas. mdgomareoba imdenad

sagangaSo iyo, rom Seqmnili viTareba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdomaze

araerTxel iqna ganxiluli. 1922 wlis aprilSi ki sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqma uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim sagangebo weriliT

mimarTa genuis saerTaSoriso konferenciis monawileebs da moiTxova

msoflios didi saxelmwifoebisgan daecvaT saqarTvelo, qarTveli eri,

romelic saokupacio xelisuflebis wyalobiT sisxlisagan icleboda.

samwuxarod dasavleTis saxelmwifoebis mxardaWera sityvier TanagrZnobas

ar gascilebia. saokupacio xelisuflebam miiRo gadawyvetileba uwmidesi

da unetaresi ambrosi dakiTxvaze gamoeZaxebinaT `CekaSi~. 1922 wlis 13

ivniss sapatriarqo sasaxleSi mimdinareobda sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdoma,

sadac mividnen `Cekas~ warmomadgenlebi da gamoacxades `kaTolikosi

dakiTxvaze unda wamovides `Cekas~ TavmjdomaresTan kote cincaZesTano.~

kaTolikos-patriarqma iTxova aTi wuTi, ganagrZo sxdoma da gamoacxada

misi SesaZlo dapatimrebis SemTxvevaSi aucilebeli iyo romelime

mRvdelmTavars misi movaleoba Seesrulebina, amitom igi qmnida

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobas da mis

Tavmjdomared manglel-urbnel episkoposs qristefore cicqiSvils

niSnavda. droebiTi mmarTvelobis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebani

kanonieri iqneboda mxolod kaTolikos-patriarqis dapatimrebis an

avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi. kaTolikosis dakiTxva `Cekas~ SenobaSi gvian

Ramemde gagrZelda. xelisuflebam uwmidessa da unetaress ambrosis brali

dasdo: `ciliswamebaSi~, sabWoTa xelisuflebis gabriabrurebaSi,~

`kontrevolucionerebaSi.~ 1922 wlis 17 noembers saokupacio xelisuflebam

miiRo dadgenileba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiisaTvis CamoerTmia sapatriarqo sasaxle. patriarqi ambrosi

SinapatimrobaSi imyofeboda. 1923 wlis 13 ianvars saqarTvelos ssr

sagangebo komisiis (Cekas) gadawyvetilebiT dapatimrebul iqna sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi da

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTolikoso sabWos mTeli

Semadgenloba. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba

gadavida uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis mier damtkicebuli saqarTvelos

eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis xelSi, romelsac meTaurobda manglel-

urbneli episkoposi qristefore (cicqiSvili). ra unda gaekeTebina aseT

rTul viTarebaSi meufe qristefores? igi pirvel yovlisa Seecada

xelisuflebasTan dialogze wasvlas da aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiaSi yvela ar iziarebda kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis

mier genuis konferenciaze gagzavnili memorandumis Sinaarss. bolSevikuri

saokupacio xelisuflebisaTvis es gancxadeba sasurveli mesiji iyo.

xelisufleba Seecada da nawilobriv miaRwia kidec saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis SigniT dapirispirebis

provocirebas. sasuliero pirTa nawilma gulubryvilod daijera, Tu ara

uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis memorandumi sabWoTa xelisuflebasa da

eklesias Soris aseTi dapirispireba ar iqnebodao. bolSevikuri presa,

uSiSroebis agentura, aqtiurad cdilobda mosaxleobaSi am azris

ganmtkicebas. bolSevikebi Seecadnen eklesiis SigniT dasayrdenis mopovebas,

maTTvis sarwmunoebis, saeklesio kanonikisa da samSoblos interesebis

damcveli sasuliero pirebi miuRebelni iyvnen, amitom sasuliero wodeba

or jgufad gahyves. pirveli mimarTulebis wevrebi, romelnic Seurigebelni

iyvnen saokupacio xelisuflebis mimarT moinaTlen rogorc `pirwavardnili

reaqcioneri antisabWoelebi~ da gaagrZeles maTi devna-Seviwroeba, meore

mimarTulebis wevrebs, romelnic mosurne iyvnen saokupacio

xelisuflebasTan dialogis da TanamSromlobisa `progresiuli

samRvdeloeba~ ewoda. episkoposi qristefore (cicqiSvili) qarTveli

samRvdeloebis im jgufs xelmZRvanelobda, vinc Tvlida, rom eklesiis

gadasarCenad aucilebeli iyo xelisuflebasTan dialogi, amave dros

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi saWiro iyo ganaxleba

da reformebi. bolSevikurma xelisuflebam am `reformebSi~ misTvis

sasurveli pozicia dainaxa. 1923 wlis 10 seqtembers metexis cixeSi

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ambrosim saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarvelis, urbneli episkoposis

qristeforesa da baTum-Semoqmedeli episkoposis daviTisagan (kaWaxiZe)

aseTi Sinaarsis mimarTva miiRo `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

sakaTalikoso sabWom 1923 wlis 9 seqtembers sxdomaze daadgina:

sakaTalikoso sabWo scnobs, rom kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis yofna

saqarTvelos eklesiis saTaveSi amJamad vnebas ayenebs eklesias da amisaTvis

ganaCinebs: eTxovos mis uwmidesobas Tavisi adgili dauTmos sxva pirs.~19

msgavsi Sinaarsis gancxadeba ufro mwvave SefasebebiT ganmeorda 1924 wlis

16 oqtombers `Cven qvemoT xelis momwerT gaviTvaliswineT ra saqarTvelos

eklesiis dRevandeli unugeSo mdgomareoba taZrebis ngreva, mRvdelTagan

naZaladevad samsaxurisaTvis Tavis danebeba, daWera da cixeSi Cagdeba da

bolos daxvretac ki, morwmune eris wuxili da godeba eklesiebis gauqmebis

gamo, mivediT im daskvnamde, rom amis mizezia memorandumi. kaTolikos-

patriarqma ambrosim gamousworebeli ziani miayena rogorc mTlianad

qarTvel ers, ise gansakuTrebulad saqarTvelos eklesias, amisaTvis

moviTxovT, rom ambrosim sajarod aRiaros Tavisi Secdoma. Tu ar aRiarebs

Secdomas mowveul iqnas kreba mis gadasayeneblad.~ mimarTvas xels

awerdnen episkoposebi: qristefore (cicqiSvili), daviTi (kaWaxiZe), svimeoni

(WeliZe), nestori (yubaneiSvili). xelisuflebam mizans miaRwia saxeze iyo

eklesiis SigniT dapirispireba. amas adasturebda 1925 wlis 6 ianvris

gazeTi `komunistis~ informacia, romelic iuwyeboda: `1925 wlis 2 ianvars

religiur sazogadoebaTa warmomadgenlobis krebam, romelsac eswrebodnen:

T. saxokia, i. mirianaSvili, d. lazariSvili. ant. ToTibaZe, d. garsiaSvili,

m. fxalaZe, i. ratiSvili, n. maWaraSvili daadgina: episkopos qristefores

gamoucxados undobloba.~20 sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma

ambrosim misi gadadgomis mosurneT SemouTvala, rom igi Tavisi nebiT ar

gadadgeboda, Tu surdaT, oficialurad gadaeyenebinaT. sazogadoebis

umravlesobisaTvis bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisufleba miuRebeli iyo,

uwmidesi ambrosi saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi da eklesiuri

TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZoli gmirisaTvis sasuliero pirTa nawilisgan

gadadgomis da monaniebis moTxovna xelisuflebisagan dakveTad aRiqmeboda.

oficialur xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobisa da dialogis survilma

eklesiaSi ganaxlebisa da reformebis mosurneni kidev ufro Sors waiyvana.

1923 wlis 2 seqtembers quTaisSi Catarebul samRvdeloebis krebas daeswro

provincieli bolSevikebis lideri valia baxtaZe, romelmac sasuliero

pirebs mimarTa, Tu rogor unda yofiliyo ganaxlebuli eklesia da ra

SemTxvevaSi iTanamSromlebda xelisufleba masTan. episkoposma daviTma

gulaxdilad ganacxada: `dadga dro, eklesiaSi ganxorcieldes cvlilebebi

Tanamedrove cxovrebis mixedviT. am gziT gadadgmul iqnas progresuli

nabijebi eklesiur cxovrebaSi, genuis konferenciaze gagzavnilma

memorandumma, kontrrevoluciurma gamosvlebma saqarTvelos eklesia

uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Caayena, sabWoTa xelisuflebam igi Tavis mtrad

miaCnia da amitom daarbia eklesiebi, daiqsaqsa samRvdeloeba, mTavroba unda

darwmundes, rom eklesias politikasTan araviTari saerTo ara aqvs, Tu

amas davamtkicebT normalur pirobebSi, maSin albaT xelisufleba Sewyvets

eklesiis sawinaaRmdegod kampanias.~21 nuTu marTla sjerodaT maT, rom

saokupacio xelisuflebis eklesiisadmi mtruli damokidebulebis mizezi

mxolod genuis konferenciaze gagzavnili memorandumi iyo? ra Tqma unda

ara. xelisuflebas ufro didi gegmebi hqonda. igi axal religias

`socializms da komunizms~ sTavazobda sazogadoebas da iq WeSmariti

religiis adgili aRar rCeboda. mainc ra reformebs da siaxleebs

gulisxmobdnen eklesiaSi xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobis mosurneni? am

kiTxvaze pasuxs gvaZlevs maT mier Sedgenili `saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sareformo proeqti,~ romlis Tanaxmadac

uqmdeboda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWo

(sinodi), sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis Tanamdeboba.

saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri iqneboda Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi,

romelsac unda daqvemdebareboda qarTl-kaxeTis eparqiis kaTedrebi, misi

rezidencia iqneboda TbilisSi. Tbilisis mRvdelmTavars TanaSemwed

eyoleboda qorepiskoposi. imereTisa da guria-samegrelos eparqias marTavda

quTaisis mRvdelmTavari, romelsac kaTedra eqneboda quTaisSi, afxazeTsa

da samurzayanos eparqias marTavda cxum-afxazeTis episkoposi, romelsac

kaTedra eqneboda soxumSi. saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebs

exmarebodnen mTavarepiskoposebi, romelTac eparqiebi dayofili aqvT

olqebad da cxovroben iq, sadac moesurvebodaT. proeqtis Tanaxmad

cvlilebebi unda Sexeboda TviT eklesiasac. sakurTxevlis kankels

moajiri cvlida, eklesiidan unda gamoetanaT yvela xati (macxovris xatis

garda), taZarSi ikrZaleboda sakmevlisa da sacecxluris gamoyeneba,

samreklodan zaris darekva SeiZleboda mxolod erTxel wirvis dawyebis

win, reformatorTa azriT drois moTxovnis Sesabamisad unda

gamartivebuliyo RvTismsaxureba, wirvis dros arasavaldebulod

cxaddeboda samociqulos wakiTxva, Svidi saidumlodan savaldebulo ar

iyo sinanuli, higienuri mosazrebiT ziarebis dros savaldebulo ar iyo

barZimidan ziareba. saeklesio wignebi Zveli qarTulisa da asomTavrul-

xucuris nacvlad unda gaTanamedrovebuliyo. unda Semcirebuliyo

saeklesio dResaswaulebis aRniSvna, kategoriulad ikrZaleboda ber-

monazvnoba, visac undoda SeeZlo gandegilad ecxovra, es mas aranair

privilegias ar aniWebda. saepiskoposo kandidati SeiZleba yofiliyo

coliani, an qvrivi. SeiZleboda daqvrivebuli mRvdlis meored daqorwineba.

ikrZaleboda marxva, aucileblad iyo miCneuli saeklesio dResaswaulebis

axali stiliT aRniSvna, mravalsaukunovani qarTuli sagaloblebis

gaTanamedroveba. isini miiCnevdnen, Tu es reforma saeklesio cxovrebis

sferoSi gatardeboda, amas mohyveboda eklesiis saqmianobis gamococxleba

da progresis gzaze damyareba, karCaketilobisa da calmxrivobis mospoba,

misi gamococxleba da gavrceleba yvela im saqmeze, romelnic emsaxurebian,

rogorc kerZo pirovnebas, ise sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebisa da progresis

saqmes.~22 ecnobi am proeqts da usiamovno ganwyoba geufleba, eklesia,

saeklesio kanonika, romelic saukuneTa manZilze Camoyalibda da

Seucvlelad moaRwia XX saukunemde dadga udidesi gansacdelis winaSe.

sazogadoebaSi momxdari nebismieri cvlileba ar unda aisaxos eklesiaze,

samwuxarod maT es ar esmodaT da am reformis cxovrebaSi gatareba

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis srul ganadgurebas gamoiwvevda.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTma mmarTvelobam miiRo

gadawyvetileba axal stilze gadasvlis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos

avtokefaluri eklesiis mRvdelmTavarTa, samRvdeloebisa da yovelTa

morwmuneTa saxelmZRvanelod axali stilis kalendaris SemoRebis Sesaxeb

aseTi dadgenileba gaavrcela:

`1. 1923 wlis 24 oqtombrisa SemoRebul iqmnes ama wlis pirvel

noembridan saqarTvelos eklesiaSi axali stilis kalendari.

dResaswaulebi, wmidaTa xsenebani da marxvani ama wlis 1 noembridan

dawesebulia axali stilis kalendris Tanaxmad. 1924 wels brwyinvale

aRdgoma gadaxdil iqmnes axali stiliT. gamoecxados sakaTalikoso sabWos

madloba _ profesor didebuliZes da benaSvils, pasqalionis SedgenisaTvis

axalis stilis kalendris Tanaxmad.

dadgenilebas xels awerdnen: sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis droebiTi moadgile, episkoposi qristefore urbneli, dekanozi

giorgi gamrekeli, dek. beniamin kandelaki, ivane ratiSvili, gerasime

imnaiSvili.

2. 1924 wlis 11 aprils: `sakaT. sabWom~ moismina gancxadeba episkopos

svimon Wyondidelisa, Suamdgomloba sxvadasxva adgilebidan morwmuneTagan

da dadgenileba tfilisis samRvdeloebis krebisa, rom paseqis uqmoba 1924

welSi, mxolod am welSi, gamonaklisis saxiT, moxdes Zveli stiliT,

daadgina: `sakaT. sabWo adasturebs Tavis dadgenilebebs, Sesaxeb axalis

stilis SemoRebisa saqarTvelos eklesiaSi, mxolod ama 1924 wlis paseqis

uqmobas acxadebs Zveli stiliT.~

xels aweren: sakaTalikoso sabWos droebiTi Tavjdomare ep. qristefore

urbneli, mitr. nazari, ep. svimon Wyondideli, dekanozi giorgi gamrekeli,

dek. ben. kandelaki, ivane ratiSvili, sofrom mgalobliSvili, gerasime

imnaiSvili.

3. 1924 wlis 16 oqtombris: `Tanaxmad sakaT. sabWos dadgenilebaTa 1923

wlis 24 oqtombridan da 1924 wlis 11 aprilidan, SemoReba axali stilis

kalendrisa saqarTvelos eklesiaSi dadasturebul iqmnes.~

xels aweren: kaTolikos-patriarqis droebiTi moadgile ep. qristefore

urbneli, ep. daviTi, ep. svimon Wyondideli, ep. nestori, dek. giorgi

gamrekeli, dek. beniamen kandelaki, gerasime imnaiSvili.

Tanaxmad zemo moyvanil sr. saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos

dadgenilebaTa, me, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis droebiTma

moadgilem, urbnelma mitropolitma qristeforem, ama 1925 wlis 14 ianvars,

wmidisa mociqulTa sworisa, qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelis ninos xsenebis

dRes, tfilisis sionis sakaTedro taZarSi gamovacxade saqarTvelos

avtokefalur eklesiis mRvdelmTavarTa, samRvdeloebisa da yovelTa

morwmuneTa sacnobelad da saxelmZRvanelod.

axali stilis kalendari miRebulia saqarTvelos eklesiis mier

mTlianad da yvela dResaswaulebi, rogorc uZravni, ise moZravni, marxvani

da wmidaTa xsenebani unda gadaxdil iqmnes axalis stilis kalendris

mixedviT. 1925 welSi iqmneba:

1) brwyinvale aRdgoma 12 aprils; 2) mezverisa da farisevlis kviriake

pirvel Tebervals; 3) xorcTa akreba 15 Tebervals; 4) yvelieris aReba 22

Tebervals; 5) bzoba 5 aprils; 6) amaRleba 21 maiss; 7) sulis wmidis mofena

31 maiss; 8) petre-pavlobis marxvis dasawyisi 8 ivniss.

axali stilis kalendris Sesaxebi sakaT. sabWos dadgenilebani

eTanxmebian mecnierul debulebebs, dadasturebulia sakaT. sabWos

gaZlierebul Semadgenlobisagan, e.i. episkoposTa TanadaswrebiT,

ramdenjerme. amis gamo sakiTxi axalis stilis kalendris Sesaxeb sakaT.

sabWoSi aRar daismis.

mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis droebiTi moadgile: mitr. qristefore urbneli.

1925 w. 14 ianvari~23

im dros, rodesac saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso

sabWos mTeli Semadgenloba dapatimrebuli iyo kaTolikos-patriarq

uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis meTaurobiT. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis mier saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis axal stilze gadayvanis Sesaxeb miRebuli

gadawyvetileba erTob sarisko, gaumarTlebeli nabiji iyo. marTalia,

droebiTi mmarTveloba iSveliebda konstantinopolis msoflio

sapatriarqos magaliTs, uwmidesi basil II werilis, magram morwmune

mrevlma am dadgenilebis inspiratorad bolSevikuri xelisufleba miiCnia

da sastiki winaaRmdegoba gauwia axali stilis mosurneT. episkoposma

qristeforem scada mxardaWera mieRo qarTuli inteligenciis TvalsaCino

warmomadgenlebisagan. profesorma korneli kekeliZem droebiTi

mmarTvelobis am gadawyvetilebas sruli mxardaWera gamoucxada:

`mizanSewonilad mimaCnia misi cxovrebaSi gatareba _ werda igi _ cxadia

morwmuneni saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi SeCveulni Zvel tradiciebs, ucbaT erTi

xelis dakvriT ver SeiTviseben axal wess, magram samRvdeloebis valia

TandaTan mizanSewonili xelmZRvanelobaTa da axsna-ganmartebiT SeaCvios

isini amas~24 axal stils sruli mxardaWera gamoucxada istorikosma sergi

gorgaZem.

sainteresoa episkoposis qristefores werili ivane javaxiSvilisadmi. am

werilSi avtori cdilobs Tavisi poziciis gamarTlebas `mis gamo me

mnaTlaven ruseTis cocxali eklesiis (`обнавленц~-ebis) momxreT~, rac

sinamdviles ar Seesabameba. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

eparqiebSi rTuli viTareba Seiqmna. mrevlis umravlesobam uari ganacxada

axali stiliT dResaswaulebis aRniSvnaze. marTalia IV saeklesio krebam

daadastura (1927 wlis 24 ivniss) axali stilis kanoniereba, magram 1928

wels saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sinodi

iZulebuli gaxda aseTi Sinaarsis gancxadeba gaevrcelebina: `eparqiebSi

SeuZlebeli gamodga axali stilis kalendris gatareba, risi mizezic

morwmuneTa moumzadebloba da Seugneblobaa am sakiTxSi. maTi azriT, axali

kalendris SemoReba uaRresad Znelia iq, sadac saeklesio dResaswaulebi

saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv dawesebulebebs ar miaCniaT dasasvenebel

dReebad. amitom sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sinodma ganaCina: 1928

wlis 1 oqtombridan saqarTvelos eklesiaSi dResaswaulni, uZrav-moZravni

da marxvani sruldebodes iuliusis kalendriT.~25

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi sagangebo viTareba

Seiqmna. erT mxareze iyvnen sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi, sakaTalikoso sabWos dapatimrebuli

wevrebi, romelnic bolSevikur xelisuflebas uwodebdnen saokupacio

xelisuflebas da masTan TanamSromlobaze uars acxadebdnen. uwmidesi

ambrosi sasamarTlo procesze aRniSnavda: `mqonda Tu ara ufleba me,

rogorc sasuliero pirs, Sevxebodi imnair kiTxvebs, romelnic

wamoyenebulni arian Cems werilSi? rodesac vxedavT usamarTlobas, gareSe

mtrebis moZalebas, xalxis Seviwroebas, erisTvis saziano Secdomebs, aseT

dros cudia ar vitvirToT misi interesebis dacva da misi mwuxarebis sagani

ar vamcnoT qveyanas~26. meore mxareze iyvnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis wevrebi episkoposis qristefores

meTaurobiT, romelnic Tvlidnen, Tu bolSevikur xelisuflebasTan

TanamSromlobaze ar wavidodnen saqarTvelos eklesias sruli katastrofa

moeloda. episkoposi qristefore ivane javaxiSvilisadmi gagzavnil

werilSi aRniSnavda: `aba Tqven gagegzavnaT memorandumi evropaSi, ra

mouvidoda qarTul universitets, mas sruliad gaanadgurebdnen, Tqven

frTxilobT, Cven es sifrTxile ver gamoviCineT da saqarTvelos eklesia

ganadgurda.~27 universitets profesuris sifrTxilis miuxedavad mainc

Seesivnen bolSevikebi jer avtonomia waarTves mas, reqtorobas CamoaSores

ivane javaxiSvili, xolo msoflio mniSvnelobis mecnierebi

nacionalistobis braldebiT universitetidan gaaZevs, bevri maTgani

daapatimres, maT Caenacvlnen axali drois gamecnierebuli profanebi,

romelTac istoriam `wiTeli profesura,~ xelisuflebis nebis usityvo

aRmasrulebelni, misi nasufraliT aRzevebulni uwoda.

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTma mmarTvelobam dagmo

1924 wlis agvistos erovnuli ajanyeba da mas politikuri avantura uwoda,

aseve kidev erTxel xazgasmiT aRiniSna, rom aRiarebda bolSevikur

xelisuflebas rogorc erTaderT kanonier xelisuflebas. Tumca es

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis Seqmnil umZimes viTarebas

odnavac ar cvlida. saqarTvelos saxkomsabWos 1923 wlis 23 noembris

dadgenilebiT kvlav grZeldeboda moqmedi eklesia-monastrebis

administraciuli wesiT daxurva, saeklesio qonebis CamorTmeva wmida

xatebis, jvrebis vandaluri ganadgureba, sasuliero pirTa dapatimreba da

daxvreta. 1924 wlis 19 agvistos quTaisis mazris pasuxismgebeli

rwmunebulis vinme Sonias gankargulebiT antisabWoTa, agitacias braldebiT

daxvrites quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari (leJava), diakoni besarion

kuxianiZe, mRvdlebi: germane jajaniZe, simon mWedliZe, ieroToz nikolaZe.

terori da represiebi mZvinvarebda mTel qveyanaSi. saokupacio xelisufleba

acxadebda, rom sindisis Tavisuflebas icavda, ar aviwroebda eklesiebs,

magram misi xelmZRvanelebi saidumlo werilebSi moiTxovdnen saeklesio

qonebis eqspropriaciis (CamorTmevis) daCqarebas. amas adasturebda 1925

wlis saqarTvelos ssr cakis prezidiumis sxdomis oqmi #20. `gansaxilveli

sagani: saeklesio ganZeulobis Sesaxeb (momx. filipe maxaraZe) dadgenileba:

winadadeba mieces amierkavkasiisfinsaxkomis rwmunebuls saqarTveloSi

saswrafod warmoadginon saqarTvelos cakSi dawvrilebiT cnobebi Tu

romeli eklesiebidan ramdeni ganZeuloba iyo gamotanili, sad imyofeba

dRes es ganZeuloba, Tu gaukeTda am ganZeulobas realizacia, ra

daniSnulebas moxmarda realizaciidan miRebuli Tanxebi.~28 aseT viTarebaSi

daimsxvra imis iluzia, rom xelisuflebasTan TanamSromloba eklesias

mdgomareobas Seumsubuqebda. episkopos daviT kaWaxiZis bolSevikebis erT-

erTi lideris mixa cxakaiasadmi gagzavnili werilidan Cans rogor

iluziebSi iyo igi `komunizmis gaZlierebisaTvis umjobesia, sabWoTa

xelisuflebam umaRlesi saero mTavrobis #25 dekreti sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb

daicvas. xolo Tu saeklesio wesebSi da samRvdeloebaSi raimea dasagmobi,

mizezi TviT religiaSi _ qristianobaSi ki ar unda veZioT, aramed Tavad

samRvdeloebaa gasaCoTqi~29 samRvdeloeba ara Tu `gaCoTqes~ daaterores da

saerTod moqalaqeobrivi uflebebic CamoarTves.

1924 wlis 15 maiss saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi

mmarTveli, episkoposi qristefore iZulebuli gaxda sagangebo weriliT

gamoxmaureboda Seqmnil rTul viTarebas. igi mTavrobis Tavmjdomares

atyobinebda: `miuxedavad 1923 wlis xelisuflebis instruqciebisa da

religiur sazogadoebaTa daarsebis organizaciisa da Tavisuflad

moqmedebis Sesaxeb cxovrebaSi ar tardeba, faqtiurad xalxs akrZaluli

aqvs sarwmunoebaze xmis amoReba. saqarTveloSi, daketilia 1000-ze meti

eklesia (ix. gaz. `komunisti~ 1924 w. 10 maisi). es garemoeba ver aixsneba verc

Cveni xalxis viTomda dawinaurebiT, viTomc sarwmunoebisadmi

gulgrilobiT... arsad sakavSiro respublikebis teritoriaze ar warmoebs

sarwmunoebis ise Seviwroeba, rogorc saqarTveloSi... saWiroa yvela erebma,

romelnic sabWoTa federaciaSi Sedian igrZnon Tavi ara rogorc gerebma,

rogorc es iyo 1917 wlis revoluciamde, aramed sakavSiro socialisturi

sabWoTa saxelmwifos respublikebis RviZl Svilebad Wirsa da lxinSi.

qarTveli xalxi sarwmunoebis sakiTxSi daCagrulad grZnobs Tavs... nebas

mivcem Cem Tavs gulaxdilad avRniSnoT erTi garemoeba. mimdinareobs

dacinva, gamasxaraveba sasuliero pirebisa, sazogadod da nametnavad

quCebSi, es ufro amcirebs maT, vinc dacinvas awarmoebs, xolo

samRvdeloebas mosaxleobis TvalSi mosavs SaravandediTa da mowamebrivi

gvirgviniT. aseT dacinvas awarmoebdnen axalgazrdebi, ase iqcevian

gansakuTrebiT rusebi, somxebi da ebraelebi. SegiZliaT mTlianad daketoT

eklesiebi sarwmunoeba isev darCeba umravlesobis gulSi. gana samRvde-

loebam ar icis, rom saeklesio cxovrebaSi yvelaferi rigze ar aris,

magram xmas veravin iRebs, Cven gvixdeba eklesiis ganaxlebaze fiqri, roca

mTavroba wmindad aTeisturia.

aucileblad migvaCnia _ sasuliero pirebi moqalaqeobrivi uflebiT

gauswordnen sxvebs. qalaqad da soflad sasuliero pirT hqondeT

garkveuli qoneba, saxlebi, mrevlisgan aSenebuli da maTTvis daniSnuli, es

saxlebi maT CamoarTves... gapartaxebis pirzea monastrebi iqneb migveca

ufleba monastrebSi mcxovrebi berebisaTvis miwis normis qonebisa, rom

Tavisi SromiT irCinon Tavi.

episkoposi qristefore mTavrobisagan moiTxovda: 1. gaRebuli iqnas

eklesiebi yvelgan saqarTveloSi, sadac ki mrevli, Tundac umciresobac

amas moiTxovs, 2. gamartivebul da gaadvilebul iqnas religiur

sazogadoebaTa gaxsnis da mowyobis saqme. 3. daubrundes sasuliero pirT

saero tanisamosiT samoqalaqo samsaxurSi Sesvlis neba, 5. daubrundes

eklesiebs CamorTmeuli qoneba, romelic aucilebelia

RvTismsaxurebisaTvis. sindisis Tavisuflebis realurad cxovrebaSi

gatareba xels Seuwyobs qarTveli eris morwmuneTa sulier moTxovnaTa

dakmayofilebas... saqarTvelos eklesia sajarod acxadebs, rom igi scnobs

dRevandel sabWoTa mTavrobas, dgas politikis da politikur procesis

gareSe da aravis Tavis wevrTagan ar miscems uflebas amis winaaRmdeg

wavides.~39 bolSevikuri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi sajarod gmobdnen

administraciuli wesiT eklesiebis daxurvas, sasuliero pirTa devna-

Seviwroebas da amas provincieli bolSevikebis Tavdadebas miawerdnen,

magram sinamdvileSi es ar xdeboda maTi saidumlo miTiTebebis gareSe.

1924 wlis 20 oqtombers saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

droebiTma mmarTvelobam kidev erTxel mimarTa saqarTvelos ssr

saxkomsabWos _ `vaRiarebT sabWoTa xelisuflebas, romelic warmatebiT

xelmZRvanelobs qarTveli eris kulturul-ekonomikur da erovnul

aRorZinebaSi. vgmobT 1924 wlis agvistos avantiuras. amave dros protests

gamovTqvamT saqarTveloSi religiuri devnis gamo, sasuliero pirs dRes

Tavisuflad mogzauroba ar SeuZliaT saqarTveloSi... magaliTad mRvdlebi,

Zmebi nestor da svimon daapatimres gzaSi (suramSi midiodnen). svimoni

gagiJda, nestori metexis cixeSi zis, cixeebSi Cayares mRvdlebi mxolod

imitom, rom RvTismsaxurebas asrulebdnen. gTxovT, 1. gaadvilebul iqnas

religiur sazogadoebaTa Seqmnis pirobebi, cnobil iqnas sakmarisad

sazogadoebis arsebobisaTvis 50 wevris yola, nacvlad 1500-sa, SeCerebul

iqnas eklesiebis daxurva. 2. Sewyvetil iqnas sasuliero pirTa Seviwroeba-

devna, 3. daubrundeT samuSao miwis norma sasuliero pirT, romelnic Tavis

SromiT awarmoeben meurneobas. 4. datovebulni iqnan TavianT binebze

TbilisSi mcxovrebi sasuliero pirebi. 5. saswrafod gamoZiebul iqnas saqme

im sasuliero pirTa, romelnic cixeSi sxedan da Tu isini ar iqnebian

damnaSaveni gaaTavisuflon. dasasrul sindisis Tavisuflebis dekretis

realurad cxovrebaSi gatareba srulad daamSvidebs qarTvel morwmuneT,

romelnic Seadgenen qarTveli eris udides nawils da waarTmevs sabWoTa

xelisuflebis mterT ukanasknel saSualebas, raime gavlena iqonion

qarTvel erze.~31 mimarTvas xels awerdnen: episkoposi qristefore,

episkoposi daviTi, episkoposi svimeoni, episkoposi nestori. episkoposma

qristeforem bolSevikur xelisuflebas sagangebo werilobiTi gancxadebiT

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresi

ambrosis patimrobidan gaTavisufleba moiTxova. saqarTvelos ssr

centralur aRmasrulebel komitets `rogorc Tbilisis samRvdeloebam

Tavis saolqo krebis dadgenilebiT, ise saqarTvelos eklesiis yvela

episkoposma mTavrobisadmi wardgenil moxsenebaSi 1924 wlis 20 oqtombers

ganucxades mTavrobas, rom samRvdeloeba scnobs sabWoTa mTavrobas, gmobs

mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego gamosvlebs, romelic mowyobili iyo 1924 wlis

agvistoSi, magram amave dros saqarTvelos eklesia scnobs kaTolikos-

patriarqad ambrosis, romelic mis mier gagzavnil memorandumisaTvis aris

dasjili da zis cixeSi. gasamarTlebulTagan gaaTavisufles: dekanozebi m.

tyemalaZe, a. ToTibaZe, a. mirianaSvili, arqimandriti pavle jafariZe.

vfiqrob patriarq ambrosic da dekanozi kalistratec unda

gaTavisufldnen... es pirni sruliad uvnebelni iqnebian gaTavisuflebis

Semdeg mTavrobisaTvis, CemTvis sruliad cxadia, amis Tavdebobis tvirTva

SemiZlia mTelis Cemis pasuxismgeblobiT.~qristefore urbneli. 1925 w.

ianvari.

miuxedavad amisa sazogadoebis didi nawilisaTvis saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba miuRebeli iyo. 1924

wlis 6 ivliss morwmuneTa jgufma sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi wirvaze ar

SeuSva saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveli da

misi momxre episkoposebi. 1925 wlis 10 marts sapatimrodan gaaTavisufles

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi,

sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebi. morwmune sazogadoeba didi sixaruliT

Seegeba wamebul sasuliero pirT, romelTac didi sulieri tanjva-wameba

gadaitanes sapyrobileSi. uwmidessa da unetares ambrosis miaCnda, rom

kursi, romelsac saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi

mmarTveloba atarebda iyo miuRebeli saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis momavlisaTvis, morwmune mrevlisaTvis. igi Seudga ra

saqarTvelos eklesiis marTvas pirvel yovlisa axsna-ganmarteba mosTxova

quTaTel episkopos daviT kaWaxiZes saqarTvelos eklesiis reformis

proeqtis gamo. amave dros Tavisi poziciebis gansamtkiceblad episkoposis

xarisxSi aiyvana kalistrate (cincaZe), melqisedeki (fxalaZe), varlaami

(maxaraZe), stefane (karbelaSvili). mis pozicias mxars uWerda episkoposi

pavle (jafariZe). uwmidesi ambrosis gankargulebiT episkopos kalistrates

mieboZa mitropolitoba da dainiSna sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis mudmiv mosaydred (30. X. 1925 w.) episkoposi qristefore

gadayvanil iqna cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTvelad (7. IV. 1925 w.). uwmidesi

ambrosis es gadawyvetilebani miuRebeli aRmoCnda episkopos qristefores,

episkoposis daviTis, episkoposis simeonis, episkoposis nestorisaTvis. im

dros, rodesac bolSevikuri xelisufleba axorcielebda agresiuli

aTeizmis politikis, samwuxarod, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

samociqulo eklesiaSi rogorc maRali ierarqiebi, aseve rigiTi sasuliero

pirebi daupirispirdnen erTmaneTs... iyo urTierTbraldebebi...

dapirispirebebis kulminacia iyo 1926 wlis 26-27 dekemberi, rodesac

uwmidessa da unetares ambrosisTan, sakaTolikoso sabWosTan

dapirispirebulma sasuliero pirebma kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis locva-

kurTxevis gareSe quTaisSi moiwvies saeklesio yriloba. yrilobis

muSaobaSi monawileobdnen: mitropolitebi: qristefore, daviTi,

episkoposebi simeoni, nestori. samRvdeloebidan dekanozebi: aleqsi TevzaZe,

beniamin kandelaki, rafiel ivanicki, nestor maWaraSvili, ioane lukaSvili,

ioseb CijavaZe, daviT xaxutaSvili, zaqaria lukaSvili _ Tbilisidan,

elizbar anCabaZe, simon gigineiSvili _ soxumidan, dekanozi aleqsi

gulisaSvili gare kaxeTidan, arqimandriti grigol sidamoniZe _

borCalodan, dekanozebi _ konstantine SaniZe, ambrosi fofxaZe, silovan

SublaZe, daviT museriZe _ quTaisidan, dekanozi arsen ToxaZe _ aWaridan,

dekanozi simon salariZe _ goridan, ioane saraliZe _ borjomidan, grigol

maWavariani _ siRnaRidan, dekanozebi lavrenti deviZe, kote anTaZe _

Sorapnidan, ioane boboxiZe _ foTidan, evgeni Sengelia _ zugdididan,

dekanozi levan vardiaSvili _ Telavidan, dekanozi vasil koptonaSvili _

axalcixidan, vasili xidaSeli _ cxinvalidan, daviT jorbenaZe _

ozurgeTidan. yrilobis iniciatorebma scades qarTuli inteligenciis

mxardaWeris mopoveba am mizniT yrilobaze miiwvies: ivane javaxiSvili,

korneli kekeliZe, sergi gorgaZe, akaki SaniZe, trifon jafariZe, meliton

kelenjeriZe, magram isini saeklesio krebas ar daswrebian. Tu

gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom sxva SemTxvevaSi sasuliero pirebs erTi

adgilidan meoreze gadasvlis gamoc apatimrebdnen quTaisis saeklesio

kreba muSaobas ver Seudgeboda Tu mas oficialuri xelisuflebisgan

mxardaWera ar eqneboda. bolSevikuri xelisuflebisaTvis miuRebelni iyvnen

uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi, sakaTalikoso sabWos is Semadgenloba,

romelmac qarTveli eris erovnuli da sarwmunoebrivi Tavisuflebis

dasacavad xma aRimaRla da amis gamo sapatimroSic moxvdnen, magram

sulierad ar gatydnen. uwmidesi ambrosi wamebulis SaravandediT iyo

Semosili, rac saokupacio xelisuflebas kidev ufro aRizianebda. quTaisis

krebis monawileTa umravlesoba sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobis

mzadyofnas, saeklesio cxovrebis sferoSi reformebis gatarebis

aucileblobas aRiarebda.

quTaisis saeklesio krebis dRis wesrigi ase ganisazRvra: 1. `droebiTi

saeklesio mmarTvelobis daarseba; 2. saqarTvelos morwmune mrevlisadmi

mimarTvis teqstis miReba; 3. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

sakaTolikoso sabWos moqmedebisa da misi dRevandeli Semadgenlobis

gadayenebis Sesaxeb; 4. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis IV

saeklesio krebis mowvevis drois gansazRvra; 5. mimdinare sakiTxebi.~32

krebaze imsjeles saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi Seqmnili

viTarebis Sesaxeb da miiRes gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis sakaTolikoso sabWos gauqmebisa da misi wevrebis saeklesio

Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis Sesaxeb. mainc ra iyo sakaTolikoso sabWosadmi

aseTi mtruli damokidebulebis mizezi? mxolod pirovnuli SeuTavsebloba,

amiT maT surdaT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

ambrosisaTvis dasayrdeni gamoecalaT. jer kidev 1925 wlis Semodgomaze

fizikurad dasustebulma uwmidesma ambrosim sakaTalikoso sabWos

daamtkicebina mis mier wardgenili winadadeba kaTolikos-patriarqis

avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi mosaydre mitropoliti kalistrate Seasrulebda

kaTolikos-patriarqis movaleobas. `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ jgufis

wevrebs sakaTolikoso sabWos am dadgenilebam wonasworoba daakargvina da

gamoatanina sruliad ukanono ganCineba 1926 wlis martSi `daevalos

mitropolit qristefores Seudges kaTolikos-patriarqis movaleobis

aRsrulebas, rogorc sakaTolikoso saqmeebis, ise mcxeTa-Tbilisis

saeparqio saqmeTa warmoebaSi.~33 es gadawyvetileba ukve aSkarad mianiSnebda

orxelisuflebianobis arsobas saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo

eklesiaSi. quTaisis saeklesio krebam daadgina: `1. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTolikoso sabWos Semadgenloba

gadayenebul iqnas; 2. sakaTolikoso sabWos nacvlad saeklesio krebis

mowvevamde daarsdes saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi gamgeoba. Semdegi

SemadgenlobiT: Tavmjdomare mitropoliti qristefore, TanaSemwe

episkoposi stefane. wevrebi: episkoposebi alaverdeli melqisedeki, urbneli

svimeoni (am dros qristefore ukve iyo cxum-afxazeTis eparqiis mmarTveli

s.v.). dekanozebi: d. xaxutaiSvili, n. maWaraSvili, b. kandelaki, samoqalaqo

pirni: k. svimoniSvili, g. gaCeCilaZe. 3. droebiT gamgeobas ufleba eZleva

kooptaciiT moiwvios Tavisi Semadgenlobis Sesavsebad eklesiisaTvis

sasargeblo pirebi. 4. saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT gamgeobas evaleba

Caibaros sakaTolikoso

sabWos yovelive sabuTebi, Tanxebi, inventari sakaTolikoso kancelariisa. 5.

yvela is sasuliero Tanamdebobaze myofni pirni, romelnic ar

daemorCilebian saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT gamgeobas daTxovnilad

iTvlebian; 6. episkoposi daviTi datoveul iqnas quTaisis kaTedraze

mitropolitis xarisxze ayvaniT. droebiTma gamgeobam unda moiwvios

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis IV saeklesio kreba. 7. sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi rCeba

Tavis Tanamdebobaze.~34 droebiTi gamgeobis mier saeklesio marTva-gamgeobis

xelSi aRebis SemTxvevaSi ra funqcia darCeboda sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarq uwmides ambrosis? albaT formaluri. quTaisis

saeklesio krebis monawileebma sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq

uwmidessa da unetaress ambrosisadmi gagzavnil werilSi TavianTi

moqmedebani saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis momavlis gamo

gadadgmul aucilebel nabijad gamoacxades?! `Cveni mizania saqarTvelos

eklesiis erTianobis, simSvidisa da simtkicis SenarCuneba. Cven araviTari

ganzraxva ara gvaqvs uadgilo da udroo reformebi SemoviRoT eklesiaSi,

varwmunebT Tqvens uwmidesobas, rom Tqvendami siyvaruli da pativiscema

uaRresad gaRvivdeba rogorc Cveni, ise mTeli morwmune eris gulSi ukeTu

gaiziarebT Cvens TqvenTan TanamSromlobas, Tanaxmad warmodgenili

dadgenilebisa, romelnic ar arian momarTuli Tqveni uwmidesobis

pirovnebis winaaRmdeg, aramed gamowveulia mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis

siyvaruliT.~36 veraviTar SemTxvevaSi ver gaviziarebT werilis SemdgenelTa

azrs, rom TiTqos maT araviTari piraduli zraxvebi ar amoZravebdaT da

mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis siyvaruliT moqmedebdnen. quTaisis

saeklesio krebis monawileobam `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

morwmuneTa mimarT gamoaqveynes sagangebo mimarTva: `yoveli morwmune

qarTvelisaTvis cxadi unda iyos Tu rogor satiral mdgomareobaSia

saqarTvelos eklesia da isic naTeli unda iyos, rom Tu droze ar iqna

miRebuli saWiro zomebi Cveni eklesia mTlianad ganadgurdeba... yovelive

amis mizezia sakaTolikoso sabWos utaqto moqmedeba, saeklesio kanonebis

ugulebelyofa droisa da garemoebisaTvis angariSis gauwevloba.

sakaTalikoso sabWos muSaobis naklovanebebia: a) usamarTlo dasja

saqarTvelos eklesiis yvelaze uxucesi mRvdelmTavris episkopos daviTisa

quTaTelis kaTedridan mawyverel episkoposad gadayvaniT, sadac arc bina

aris da arc saSualeba imis Sesanaxad. (sul 15-20 Raribi eklesiaa) mas

brali wauyenes viTomc eretikosobaSi, kaTolikos ambrosis mier genuaSi

gagzavnili memorandumis mimarT uaryofiTi damokidebulebis gamo.

episkopos daviTis TavmjdomareobiT Sedgenili proeqto saeklesio

reformebisa aramc Tu scildeba am farTeT dasaxul programas,

sakaTolikoso sabWos mowodebebs. daviTs am proeqtis gamo mwvalebeli

Seerqva. b). episkoposi daviTi metexis cixeSi iyo uwmides ambrosTan da

mosTxova gadadgoma. es ara Tu danaSauli, aramed movaleobis Sesruleba

iyo, romelic gamoxatavda samRvdeloebis survils ar Careuliyvnen

politikaSi... vinaidan sabWoTa xelisufleba aris yvelaze humanuri

xelisufleba, romlis moqmedeba mimarTulia qveynis kulturul-ekonomikuri

warmatebebisaken... saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTolikoso

sabWo 1924 wlidan iyo vadagasuli, quTaisis krebis mier damtkicebuli

saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi gamgeoba kanonieria, vinaidan mis Seqmnas

xels awers 6 episkoposi. g) sakaTolikoso sabWos danaSauli iyo 1924 wlis

ivlisSi miRebuli brZaneba kaTolikos-patriarqis moadgile qristefores

Tbilisidan gorSi gadayvanis da mis magivrad episkoposis pavles

daniSvnisa. episkoposTa krebulSi Tavis sasargeblod xmebis uflebis

Sesaqmnelad 1925 wlis Semodgomaze akurTxes 5 episkoposi: melqisedeki,

stefane, kalistrate, aleqsi, varlami... saeklesio kanonikis uxeSi

darRveviT kalistrate uceb gaamitropolites... sakaTolikoso sabWos

ukanonobas mohyva friad samwuxaro ganxeTqilebani eklesiaSi. amitom

sakaTolikoso sabWo daTxovnilia.~37 mimarTvas xels awerdnen: saqarTvelos

eklesiis droebiTi gamgeobis Tavmjdomare (quTaisis krebam Seqmna es

organo s.v.) mitropoliti qristefore, mitropoliti daviTi (quTaisis

krebam gaamitropolita s.v.), episkoposebi: ioane (marRiSvili), nestori

(yubaneiSvili), stefane (karbelaSvili), simeoni (WeliZe), dekanozebi: d.

xaxutaSvili, i. abesaZe, T. dgebuaZe, p. karbelaSvili.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi

ambrosi grZnobda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi bolSevikuri

xelisuflebis mier inspirirebuli dapirispirebebis seriozulobas. misi

gankargulebiT 1926 wlis 25 dekembers saswrafod Seikriba saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTolikoso sabWos mTeli Semadgenloba,

romelmac moismina misi uwmidesobis mier gansakuTrebuli oficialuri

gancxadebis teqsti: `miviRe informacia, rom quTaisSi episkopos daviTis

mier sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis nebarTvis gareSe

mowveuli iyo saeklesio kreba, romelsac eswrebodnen sxva eparqiebidan

zogierTi mRvdelmTavari da saeklesio piri. sakaTolikoso sabWom miiRo

ra mxedvelobaSi, rom amnairi kreba ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli

saqarTvelos eklesiis debulebiT. ganaCina: quTaisSi Catarebuli saeklesio

kreba gamocxaddes ukanonod.~38 quTaisis saeklesio krebis mier

sakaTolikoso sabWos da kaTolikos-patriarq uwmidesi da unetaresi

ambrosisadmi wamoyenebul braldebebze dasabuTebuli pasuxebia gacemuli

mitropolit kalistrates mier, movusminoT mis argumentebs: `SemTxveviT

gavecani erTs remengtinis manqanaze dabeWdil rva gverdian sabuTs Semdegis

saTauriT: `sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis morwmuneTa mimarT.~ am sabuTis

boloSi moTavsebulia _ `sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi

mmarTveloba q. tfilisi 1927 w. 6 ianvars.~ es sabuTi (umjobesia vuwodoT

`epistole~) droebiTi mmarTvelobis mier gacemul sabuTebis siaSi ar aris

aRniSnuli, _ ar uzis #, arc tfilisis mTavarxucess miuRia misdami

rwmunebul olqisadmi gamosacxadeblad. maSasadame, epistole igi

oficialuri xasiaTis ar aris. epistole blomad gaugzavniaT provinciaSi,

tfilisSic mravali miuRiaT TviT droebiTi mmarTvelobis wevrebidanac:

cxadia, epistole ofocialuri xasiaTis werilad mainc unda CaiTvalos.

ras Seicavs epistole? sakaTolikozo sabWos `ukanono~ moqmedebaTa

aRnusxvas da amis gamo 1926 wlis dekember 26-27 quTaisSi momxdar `krebis~

mier `sakaTolikoso sabWos Semadgenlobis~ `gadayenebis~ aucileblobas.

sanam epistoles arsebiTad ganxilvas SevudgebodeT, saWiroa ganvmartoT,

romel sakaTalikozo sabWozea laparaki epistoleSi. 1921 wlis seqtemberSi

saeklesio gelaTis krebam airCia kaTolikos-patriarqad cxumeli

mitropoliti ambrosi (xelaia), xolo sakaTolikoso sabWos wevrad

(samRvdeloTagan) i. mirianaSvili, m. tyemalaZe da k. cincaZe (da saeroTagan)

n. TavdgiriZe, v. ivanicki da k. kekeliZe. amasTan erTad saWiroa vicodeT,

rom Cveni eklesiis `debulebiT~ (60) sakaTolikoso sabWos mudvmiv an

pasuximgebel wevrebad iTvlebian saqarTvelos `yvela mmarTveli

mRvdelmTavrebi. 1922 wlisganmavlobaSi sabWos CamoSordnen r. ivanicki da

k. kekeliZe. maT magivrad miwveul iqmnen gelaTis krebisagan arCeuli

kandidatebi n. arjevaniZe da i. ratiSvili. 1923 wlis ianvarSi,

dapatimrebul iqmnen kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi da sabWos wevrebi n.

TavdgiriZe, i. mirianaSvili da k. cincaZec. Tumca zemoaRniSnulsa gamo 1923

wlis ianvarSi sakaTolikoso sabWos muSaoba Sewyda, magram imave wlis

seqtembris 7 igi ganaxlda. am sabWoSi Sediodnen yovladsamRvdelo

qristefore (cicqiSvili) romelic kaTolikos-patriarqis patimrobaSi

myofobis dros misi uwmidesobis nebarTviT eweoda kaTolikos-patriarqis

moadgileobas. dek. g. gamrekeli, i. ratiSvili, g. imnaiSvili (samive

kandidaTagani) da maT mier koomptaciis wesiT miwveulni dek. b. kandelaki

da s. mgalobliSvili (dek. m. tyemalaZem da n. arjevaniZem aRar moisurves

sabWoSi muSaoba). 1924 wlis meore naxevarSi ganTavisuflebul iqmnen (sxva

da sxva dros) i. mirianaSvili, n. TavdgiriZe da tyemalaZe. 1925 w. ianvris 12

yovladsamRvdelo qristefores mier samive miwveul iqmnen sabWoSi

samuSaod. amis Semdeg sabWodan gavidnen b. kandelaki da s. mgalobliSvili.

1925 w. martis 8 ganaTavisufles kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi da dekanozi

k. cincaZe. misi uwmidesoba Seudga Tavisi movaleobis aRsrulebas,

yovladsamRvdelo qristefore ki miiqca Tavis eparqiaSi (jer urbnisisaSi

da Semdeg soxumisaSi) dekanozi k. cincaZe, miuxedavad misi martis 25

daTariRebul # 6414 gansxvavebisa (`me 1924 wlis seqtembramde mqonda

ufleba wevrad yofnisa.~) mainc miwveul iqmna sabWoSi im mosazrebiT, rom

wevrebi valdebulni arian darCen sanam axlebi ar iqnebian arCeulnio.

amrigad 1921 wlidan 1926 wlis dasasrulamde sakaT. sabWo muSaobda ori

SemadgenlobiT, romelTagan #1 meTaurobda kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi,

xolo #2-Si ki dekanozi kandelaki, danarCenebi (metnaklebi xangrZlivobiT)

muSaobdnen orTaveSi.

droebiTi mmarTvelobis moqmedi wevrebi arian #2 sakaTolikosos sabWos

mTavari moqmedni yovladsamRvdelo qristefore da dek. b. kandelaki, amis

gamo, roca epistoleSi laparakoben sabWoze unda vigulisxmoT #1 sabWo,

anu (sisworiT rom vTqvaT) kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi da dekanozi k.

cincaZe. naTqvamis Semdeg gasagebia, Tu ra mabedvinebs, aviRo xelSi kalami

metad didi adgili uWiravs Cems pirovnebas epistoleSi...

1) a) pirvel da umTavres `naklad~ epistole aRiarebs debulebas, _

sakaTolikoso sabWos mier `sibrZnisa da windaxedulobis~ uqonlobis gamo

saqarTvelos eklesiasa da `saero mTavrobis~ Soris arakeTilmSvidobiani

damokidebuleba `damyardao...~ marTla faqtia, rom saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel eklesiasa da saqarTvelos `saero mTavrobis~ Soris

arsebobda `arakeTilmSvidobiani damokidebuleba~? 1926 wlis dekembris 28

kaTolikos-patriarqma ambrosim ganacxada sakaTolikoso sabWoSi Semdegi:

`miviRe cnoba, rom zogierTni pirni avrceleben qarTvel morwmuneTa

sazogadoebaSi xmas, viTomc sakaTolikoso sabWos ukanono moqmedebaTa da

mTavrobisadmi urCobis gamo, sakaTolikoso sabWosa da saqarTvelos s.s.s.

respublikis mTavrobis Soris ar arsebobdes mSvidobiani urTierToba, rac

viTom Sedegad mohyolodes eklesiisadmi mTavrobis gansakuTrebuli

simkacre da Seiwroeba.~ iqonia ra aRniSnul gancxadebisa gamo msjeloba,

sakaTolikoso sabWom (sxdomas daeswro eqvsi mmarTveli mRvdelmTavaric)

erTxmad daadastura, rom `sakaTolikoso sabWos ar aqvs safuZveli Tqvas

(da arc uTqvams), viTomc saqarTvelos s.s. respublikis mTavroba sxvagvarad

epyrobodes saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias, vinme sxva romelime

aRsarebis, an sarwmunoebis religiur sazogadoebas.~

miuxedavad zemoaRniSnulisa, epistole amcnobs `sruliad saqarTvelos

eklesiis morwmuneT,~ `sakaTolikoso sabWos (igulisxmeba #1)... unda

gaeTvaliswinebina, rom mociqulTa pavlesi (rom. 13,1-2) da petresi (1.2.13)

sityvebis daviwyeba, rom qristianeT keTilmSvidobiani damokidebuleba

iqonion saero mTavrobasTan. ar iqneboda saxeiro eklesiisaTvis (gv. 3).

marTladac, naCveneb alagas mociquli pavle swers: `yovelni xelmwifebasa

mas umTavresisasa daemorCilen... romeli adgebodes xelmwifebasa, RvTisa

brZanebasa adgebis.~ xolo mociquli petre ki brZanebs: `daemorCileniT ukve

yovelsave kacobrivsa xelmwifebasa~-o. e.i. mTavrobas daemorCileT da nu

aRdgebiT mis winaaRmdego. amitom, roca droebiTi mmarTveloba amxilebs

sakaTolikoso #1 sabWos mociqulTa petresa da pavles sityvebi

dagviwyebiaTo da isic `sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis morwmuneTa mimarT~

epistoleSi, movale iyo rogorc iuridiulad ise zneobrivad daesaxelebia

anu aReniSna Tundac erTi faqti, `romelic cxadyofda, rom sakaTolikoso

#1 sabWo `aRudga~ `xelmwifebasa mas umTavresisasa~ da ar `daemorCila~

mas. amgvar faqts droebiTi mmarTveloba ar uCvenebs (da verc uCvenebs),

vinaidan sakaTolikoso #1 sabWo yovelTvis idga kanonierebis niadagze:

hqonda mTavrobasTan `keTilmSvidobiani~ damokidebuleba, _ mimarTavda mas

Tavis saWiroebaTa gamo, emorCileboda mis brZaneba-gankargulebebs da

`daJinebiT moiTxovda samRvdeloebisagan eklesiis Sesaxeb sabWoTa

mTavrobis mier gamocemul kanonebiT (1) savsebiT da aRsrulebas~ (1926 w.

XII. 28 oqmi) amis gamo droebiTi mmarTvelobis zemoaRniSnuli mxileba

(namdvilaT ki braldeba) sakaTolikoso #1 sabWos mimarT Zlier enaTesaveba

ciliswameba-dasmena-dabezRebas.~ amis Semdeg gasagebia sakaTolikoso sabWos

1926 wlis dekembris 28 oqmis Semdegi amonaweri: `k. patriarqis mier

miRebuli cnoba unda CaiTvalos piradi da boroti mizniT gamsWvalul

adamianTa mier gavrcelebul ciliswamebad, romelic gamowveulia

sakaTtolikoso sabWos kanonier da kanonikur niadagze mtkiced dgomisa

gamo ukmayofilebiT.~

b) epistoles mkiTxvelma SeiZleba ifiqros, sakaTolikoso sabWos mimarT

wamoyenebuli braldeba sabuTdeba sityvebiT: `sakaTolikoso sabWos unda

mieRo zomebi (kaTolikos-patriarqis), memurandumi ar gagzavniliyo

(genuaSi, gv. 3) magram, jer erTi: saidan ician epistoles avtorebma, rom

sakaTolikoso sabWos SeeZlo `mieRo zomebi memorandumi ar gagzavniliyo~?

memorandumis Sedgena-gagzavnis saqmeSi sakaTolikoso-sabWos wevrebi iReben

monawileobas imdanadve, ramdenadac monawileobda am saqmeSi dRevandeli

droebiTi mmarTvelobis meTauri, xolo maSindeli sakaTolikoso sabWos

mudmivi wevri _ yovladsamRvdelo qristefore: arc metad arc naklebad. da

Tu misi meufeba brZanebs, _ `viRebdiT monawileobasa,~ maSin an erTad unda

migveRo zomebi memorandumis gaugzavnelobisaTvis, an mis

yovladusamRvdeloesobas unda mogoneboda cotne dadiani da msgavsad am

keTilSobili mamuliSvilisa, mobrZanebuliyo CvenTan da gaeziarebina Cveni

bedi... epistoles avtorebma kargad ician, rom memorandumi dawera da

gagzavna sabWos monawileobis gareSe kaTolikos-patriarqma ambrosim, da

Tu mis gamo moTavsebul iqmnen sagangebo komisiaSi da gamasworebel

saxlSi n. TavdgiriZe, i. mirianaSvili, m. tyemalaZe da k. cincaZe (romelmac

gaatara iq 26 Tve, k. patriarqma ki 16) unda gulwrfelad aRiaro, rom Cven

gvewvia iseTi xvedri, rogoric wilad xvda kacsa kvirinelsa, saxeliT

svimons romeli wariqcies, raTa aRiRos jvari iesosi (maT. 27,32) cxadia,

sakaTolikoso sabWos memorandumis gaugzavnelobisaTvis zomebs ver

miiRebda: kaTolikoz-patriarqi metad didi pirovnebaa, rom mis sulsa da

guls vinme daepatronos...

b) adamianis yovelsave moqmedebas aqvs dasasruli: memorandumis

`Semadgenelni da gamgzavnelni~ friad kompetentur organos mier aramc Tu

daisajnen aramed Sewynarebul da ganTavisuflebulnic iqmnen `danarCen

sasjelisagan.~ amiT savsebiT amoiwura `memorandumis gagzavnis~ sakiTxi maT

mier, visac es saqme ekiTxeboda da vizedac igi damokidebuli iyo mTlianad

Cans, oficialurad RvTisuarismyofelni da qristianobasTan mebrZolni

adamianebi, metis qristianuli lmobierebiT da kacTmoyvarebiT yofilan

ganmsWvalulni, vinem qristes moZRvrebis oficialurad mqadagebelni da

misi madliT `Semosilni~ epistoles avtorebi, romelTac ver SeugniaT verc

saRvTo werilis styvebi (xom. 1,9) da verc mociqulTa (25) kanoni: `ara Suri

iZio orgzis erTbamad~, e.i. erTi danaSaulisaTvis orjer dasja ar

SeiZlebao... `mamao miuteve amaT, rameTu ara ician, rasa iqman~ (luk. 23,24),

anu rasa ityvian@!

g) epistoles avtorebi moZRvraven TavianT mkiTxvelebs: `sakaTolikoso

sabWo memorandumis gagzavnis Semdeg mainc unda cdiliyo mis

gasabaTileblad~ (gv. 3) aq adgili unda qondes an gulmaviwyobas, an

cbierebas. sakaTolikoso sabWo aramc Tu Seecada, aramed miiRo kidev

radikaluri zomebi `memorandumis gasabaTileblad.~ TviT epistole

gvamcnobs rom 1923 wlis seqtembris pirvel ricxvebSi kaTolikos-patriarqs

warsdgomia quTaisidan gamogzavnili delegacia (episkopozi daviTi, dek.

platon cqitiSvili da trifon jafariZe) TxovniT, _ `memorandumis

gagzavnis gamo Seetana sabWoTa mTavrobis winaSe gancxadeba, rom

memorandumis gagzavna iyo Secdoma,~ xolo imave wlis enkenisTvis 9.

sakaTolikoso sabWos #2 s (1 am dros metexSi imyofeboda kaTolikos-

patriarqi) sionis galavanSi ganuCenia: `eTxovos mis uwmidesobas Tavisi

adgili dauTmos sxva pirs.~ Jurnals xels aweren ep. qristefore, ep.

daviTi, dek. b. kandelaki da s. mgalobliSvili. Cans epistoles avtorTa da

sakaTolikoso #2 sabWos (agreTve quTaTur delegaciis) azriT,

`memorandumis gasabaTileblad~ saWiro yofila kaTolikozis mier, an

`memorandumis gagzavnis Secdomad aRiareba,~ an `sxva pirisaTvis Tavisi

adgilis daTmoba.~ kaTolikoz-patriarqs im Jamad ar unebebia arc erTisa

da arc meore winadadebis Sesruleba, magram naxevari wlis Semdegi 1924

wlis martSi, misma uwmidesobam uzenaes sasamarTlos winaSe `Tavis genuis

konferenciisadmi mimarTva SecdomaT aRiara~ (ix. 1924 w. martis 21 #65

`komunistSi~ moTavsebuli uzenaesi sasamarTlos rezolucia)

gamasworebeli saxlidan gamosvlis Semdeg ki 1925 wlis ivnisis 10,

sakaTolikoso sabWoSi Seutania winadadeba, _ `sakaTolikoso sabWom inebos

gankarguleba, raTa samRvdeloeba ar ereodes politikur saqmeebSi~. am

winadadebis gamo sakaTolikoso sabWos imave dRes gamoutania Sesaferisi

(#35) ganCineba da daugzavnia eparqiaTa mmarTvel mRvdelmTavrobisaTvis

saxelmZRvanelod da Sesasruleblad. adamians romelmac politikur

saqmeebSi (memorandumi politikur aqtad aris cnobili) CarevisaTvis or

welzed meti patimrobaSi gaatara (misjili qonda 9 weliwadi), Tavis

moqmedeba saqveynod Secdomad aRiara, xelqveiTi organoebi gaafrTxila, _

politikur saqmeebSi samRvdeloeba ar gaerioso, da yovelive amiT

sakaTolikoso #2 sabWos da quTaTur delegatebis moTxovnileba savsebiT

Seasrula, vfiqrob, meti ar moeTxoveba ra...

d) garna epistoles avtorebi amiT ar kmayofildebian, isini Txouloben

kaTolikozs da `misTanaTa~ aseTi gancxadeba ueWvelad 1923 wlis

seqtemberSi unda SeetanaTo: `SemdgomSi kaTolikoz-patriarqma da misTanaTa

Seitanes aseTi gancxadeba mTavrobis winaSe, magram gvian da iyo~ (gv. 2) Tu

risTvis ar ineba misma uwmidesobam zemo xsenebuli gancxadebis Setana saca

jer ars 1923 wlis enkenisTveSi, me ar vici, magram `misTanaTa~, rom

araviTari gancxadeba ar SeutaniaT `memorandumis gagzavnis Secdomad

aRiarebis Sesaxeb, _ es Zalian kargad vici. an ra ufleba hqondaT

`misTanaTa~ memorandumis Sesaxeb raime gancxadeba? memorandumis Sedgena-

gagzavnaSi `misTanaTa~ monawileoba ar miuRiaT, da verc kaTolikoz-

patriarqis msajulad gamodgebodnen: 1921 wlis aprilis 15 #21 dekretiT

eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifosagan da amis Semdeg arcerT sasuliero

pirs ar aqvs ufleba dasdos msjavri visime politikur moRvaweobas, _

dadebiTi iqneba es movlena Tu uaryofiTi, yoveli moqalaqe (Tundac

samRvdelo) politikur moRvaweobisaTvis pasuxismgebelia saero

sasamarTlos winaSe. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsic garkveviT RaRadebs (mux.

126): `miTviseba religiur an saero organizaciis mier saadministracio,

sasamarTlo, an saqveyno samarTlis xasiaTis sxva funqciisa gamoiwvevs... es

kargad moexsenebaT epistoles avtorebs, magram maT mainc surT `misTanaTa~

moaxvion Tavs raRac gancxadeba... ar mikvirs!...

e) epistoles avtorebi ganagrZoben: `kaTolikozs da misTanaTa aseTi

gancxadeba mTavrobis winaSe rom SeetanaT (misTanaTa~, rom araviTari

gancxadeba ar SeutaniaT is ukve viciT) 1923 wlis enkenisTveSi,

saqarTvelos eklesias ascdeboda is ziani, romelic mas moeloda

momavalSio: memorandumis gagzavnam `didi ziani miayena saqarTvelos

eklesias da kidev mets uqadiso (uTqvamT kaTolikozisaTvis quTaTel

delegatebs da amas savsebiT iziareben epistoles avtorebi) raica 1924

wlis ugunur gamosvlebis dros gamarTlda kideco~ da rom samRvdeloebam

sazogadod da `gansakuTrebiT soflis samRvdeloebam friad mwvaved

ganicada Tavis Tavzed Sedegebi memorandumis gagzavnisao.~ (gv. 2) gamodis,

rom zogierTa samRvdelo pirTa monawileoba WeSmaritad ugunur

gamosvlebSi da maT mier amis gamo `mwvave Sedegebis gancda~

gamomdinareobs `memorandumisagan~. vnaxoT~.

`memorandumis~ avtori da `misTanani~ uzenaesma sasamarTlom gaasamarTla

1924 wlis martSi da miusaja: pirvels `Tavisuflebis aRkveTa cxra wliT,

sastiki izolaciiT da yoveli misi qonebis konfiskaciiT,~ danarCenT igive

sasjeli 2-5 wlamde da es ganCineba gamoqveynebuli iyo kvlav adgilobriv

gazeTebSi. darwmunebuli var, rom saqarTveloSi ar darCenila arc erTi

samRvdelo piri, rom es ar gaegos. 1924 wlis gamosvlebs ki adgili qondaT

xuTi Tvis Semdeg agvistoSi. nu Tu SesaZlebelia vifiqroT. samRvdeloebam,

Tundac, ver gaiTvaliswina, rom, Tu kaTolikozi politikaSi CarevisaTvis

gadarCa sikvdiliT dasjas, (es moxda umTavresad misTvis, rom `Secdomad

aRiara memorandumis gagzavna~) - mis uwmidesobaze ufro dabal safexurze

mdgom samRvdeloebas ar CauTvlidnen damsaxurebad gamosvlebSi

monawileobis miRebas?! magram daveTanxmebiT erTi wuTiT epistoles

avtorebs, rom samRvdeloebam agvistos gamosvlebSi miiRo monawileoba

memorandumis gavleniT. es xom scodniaT epistoles avtorebs (igive sakaT.

#2 sabWos wevrebs) jer kidev 1923 wlis enkenisTveSi (e.i. erTi wliT adre),

rodesac afrTxilebdnen kaTolikozs, memorandumi metad did zians moutans

saqarTvelos eklesiaso, ratom kaTolikozis da `misTanaTa~ gasamarTlebis

Semdeg (1924 w. marti) ar daugzavnes samRvdeloebas epistoleebi:

gaufrTxildiT mamano da Zmano ar CaerioT politikur saqmeebSi, Torem

Tqvenc iseTive (Tu uaresi ara) bedi gewevaT, rogoric `kaTolikozs da

misTanaTao.~ cxadia, Tu vinmea damnaSave imaSi, rom samRvdeloebam `mwvaved

ganicada TavisTavzed memorandumis gagzavnis Sedegebi,~ mxolod da

mxolod epistoles avtorebi, romelTac winaswar icoden, Tu ra moyveboda

memorandumTan kavSirs da ar gaafrTxiles samRvdeloeba, gansakuTrebiT

`soflis samRvdeloeba~... macxovarma brZana, monai, romelman icis nebai

uflisa Tvisisa da ar moiqceva am codnis mixedviT unda itanjos friado

(luk. 12 47) da Tu es yovelives mcodne moZRvrebi fizikur tanjvas ascdnen,

vfiqrob, zneobrivs mainc ver ascdebian...

v) SeiZleba Tqvan `memorandumis gasabaTileblad~ (da saero mTavrobasTan

keTilmSvidobiani damokidebulebis aRsadgenad~) ukeTesi iqneboda,

kaTolikoz-patriarqs rom ganexorcielebia sakaTolikozo #2 sabWos

dadgenileba, _ `Tavisi adgili daeTmo sxva pirisaTvis.~ rogorc zemoT

avRniSne, am winadadebis miRebis dros Cven dabarebuli viyaviT... `misTanani~

metexSi viyaviT (Semdgom orTaWalaSi) is ki sionis galavanSi: ra

mosazrebiT uaryo man sakaTolikoso #2 sabWos es winadadeba, me ar vici.

vici mxolod, rom 1925 wlis dasawyisSi (rogorc gamasworebel saxls

saavadmyofoSi, ise ganTavisuflebis Semdegac), roca avadmyofobam magrad

CasWida xeli, xSirad brZanebda: Tu eklesiisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba, me

gadavdgebio. erTxel gavkadnierdi da movaxsenen: es sakiTxi didi sakiTxia,

pasuxi RvTisa da eris winaSe Tqvenve unda agoT saboloo gadawyvetileba

Tqvenve unda gamoitanoT, rCevisaTvis ki SeiZleba mimarToT sakaTolikoso

sabWos mudmiv da pasuxismgebel wevrebs, e.i. episkopozebs da ara ukve

gasul (amorCeul) wevrebs meTqi. RimiliR mibrZana: viTom Senca rCevas

iZlevio, Tumca, marTali rom Tqvas kacma, ara tyuio: bolos da bolos

yvelaferi me dambraldebao. amis Semdeg me gavedi tfilisidan (maisis 20)

da davbrundi, enkenisTvis gasuls. zafxulSi kaTolikozi borjomSi

brZandeboda: tfilisis samrekloebma da samRvdeloebam saSvaleba momces

zafxulze agarakad vyofiliyavio. Semodgomaze moxda epizkopozTa kreba.

vfiqrob Tavis gadadgomis Sesaxeb misi uwmidesoba episkopozTa krebuls

moelaparaka da miiRo maTgan uari. sabuTad maqvs misi uwmidesobis erTi

winadadeba sakaTolikozo sabWos sruli Semadgenlobisadmi, romelic

erTxmad iqmna miRebuli episkopozebisaganac ki, romelTac ori wlis winad

urCies mis uwmidesobas _ Seni adgili sxvas dauTmeo. ai es winadadeba:

`avadmyofobis gamo SeiZleba me iZulebuli gavxde dro gamoSvebiT

movarido sabWoSi da eparqiaSi intensiur muSaobas. amisTvis winadadebas

vaZlev sakaTolikozo sabWos arsebuli `debulebis~ meore SeniSvna

Secvlili iqmnas am nairad: `rodesac kaTolikozi xangrZlivi avadmyofobis

gamo, an sxva sapatio mizeziT moklebulia saSvalebas saeklesio saqmeebis

xelmZRvanelobisas, sakaTolikoso sabWo gamoiwvevs erT-erT mRvdelmTavars

daniSnavs mas kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred (1925.X.9~.)

vimeoreb, es winadadeba ukamaTod iqna miRebuli. me ki vfiqrob,

yovladsamRvdeloT rom ar mieRoT es winadadeba, an mis Sesaxeb kamaTi

gaemarTaT, kaTolikozi gadadgeboda, magram episkopozebma es ar inebes da

kaTolikozic gamagrda im rwmenaSi, rom eklesiisaTvis ufro sasargeblo

iqneba, Tu is darCeba Tavis adgilze. meoris mxriT, TviT episkopoznic rom

am azrisani ar yofiliyvnen, kaTolikozs ar moeridebodnen da pirdapir

urCevdnen, _ gadadeqio. mimdinare wlis martis 22 imave mRvdelTmTavarT

naklebi sabuTi qondaT xelSi (saxeldobr, misi uwmidesobis ama wlis

Tebervlis 9 rezolucia: `eqimebisagan akrZaluli maqvs intensiuri

saqmianoba, amisTvis eparqiis saqmeebis marTva-gamgeobas vabareb mitropolit

ioanes, im pirobiT, rom umTavresi saqmeebi me momaxsenoso), magram maT

gamoitanes ganCineba: `daevalos mitropolit qristefores Seudges

kaTolikoz-patriarqis movaleobis asrulebas, rogorc sakaTolikozo

saqmeebis ise mcxeTa-tfilisis saeparqio saqmeTa warmoebaSio.~ cxadia Tu

vinmem SeuSala xeli `memorandumis gabaTilebas~ kaTolikozis gadadgomiT,

es iyvnen yovladsamRvdeloni da uwinares yovelTa am uebari saSvalebis

aRmomCeni mRvdelmTavarni qristefore da daviTi: Tu maTi azriT

`memorandumis~ avtori ver gamodgeba saqarTvelos eklesiis

saWeTmpyrobelad 1923 wlis enkenisTveSi, igi ver gamodgeboda saqarTvelos

mamaTmTavrad 1925 wlis mwifobisTveSi, miT umetes rom maTi meufebani 1924

wlis agvistos gamosvlebs mWidrod ukavSireben `memorandums.~

iqneba `kaTolikozma da misTanaTa~ daimsaxures `saero mTavrobis~

undobloba `danarCen sasjelisagan~ ganTavisuflebis Semdeg? am sakiTxis

pasuxad saumjobesod mimaCnia miviyvano aq amonaweri 1926 w. dekembris 28

oqmidan: `sakaTolikoso sabWos (#1) dRevandelma Semadgenlobam ganaaxla

muSaoba mxolod 1925 wlis gazafxulze, rom muSaobis ganaxlebisa igi

gaecno s.s. centralur aRmasrulebel komitetis 1924 wlis noembris 21

TariRovan #124 dadgenilebas da iusticiis da Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo

komisariatebis imave wlis dekembris 2 gamocemul instruqcias, da scno

xsenebuli kanonebi saqarTvelos eklesiis, rogorc religiur sazogadoebis

arsebobisa da moqmedebisaTvis kmasayofelad; rom aRniSnulis gamo,

xsenebul dadgenileba-instruqciiT igi TviTxelmZRvanelebs da eparqiaTa

mmarTvel mRvdelTmTavarT daugzavna saxelmZRvanelod, rom

mRvdelmTavrebs saxelmZRvanelod daegzavna sakaTolikozo sabWos 1925

wlis ivnisis 10 #35 ganCineba, _ eparqiaTa mmarTvelT inebon gankarguleba,

raTa samRvdeloeba ar ereodes politikur saqmeebSi; rom aRniSnul

brZanebasTan dakavSirebiT is daJinebiT moiTxovs samRvdeloebisagan

eklesiis Sesaxeb sabWoTa mTavrobis mier gamocemul kanonebis savsebiT

dacvas da aRsrulebas, ris magaliTs warmoadgens Tundac Semdegi 1926

wlis noembris 20 gankarguleba kaTolikoz-patriarqisa: `saolqo krebis

dadgenilebani unda Sefardebul iqmnan arsebul samoqalaqo

kanonmdeblobasTan, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saolqo krebas survili

dakmayofilebuli ver iqneba Cem mier... da rom sakaTolikozo-sabWo amis

Semdegac sastikad moiTxovs mis qvemdebare pirTa da organoTa mier srul

loialobis dacvas da eklesiis Sesaxeb gamocemul samoqalaqo kanonebis

savsebiT Sesrulebas.~

cxadia, sakaTalikozo sabWo ver gabedavda am oqmis wardgenas

mTavrobisadmi (s.s. c. aRm. komitetSi, s.s.r. saxalxo komisarTa sabWoSi da

saqarTvelos komunistur partiis centralur komitetSi), mas rom Caedinos

iseTi ram, rasac SeeZlo gamoewvia `saero mTavrobis~ undobloba. Cemi Rrma

rwmeniT `memorandumis gabaTilebis~ sakiTxi daiwyo maSin, rodesac k.

patriarqma `Tavis genuis komferenciisadmi memorandumiT mimarTva Secdomad

aRiara,~ uzenaesma sasamarTlom am aRiarebis gamo mis uwmidesobas

umaRlesi sasjelis magier cxra wliT gamasworebel saxlSi moTavseba

miusaja da am msjavris gamotanis erTi wlis Semdeg kaTolikoz-patriarqi

`danarCen sasjelisagan~ ganaTavisufla, xolo damTavrda maSin, rodesac

kaTolikoz-patriarqma ambrosim sakaTolikozo sabWoSi winadadeba Seitana,

_ samRvdeloeba ar ereodes politikur saqmeebSio da es winadadeba

sakaTolikozo sabWom daadastura. Tavisi adgilis sxva pirisaTvis

kaTolikoz-patriarqis ambrosis mier daTmoba mdgomareobas gaamwvavebda:

morwmuneTa didi umravlesoba ueWvelad ityoda Zala daatanes da imisTvis

dauTmo sxva pirs Tavisi adgili, TviT kaTolikozs ki `mowamis~ gvirgviniT

Seamkobda. am mosazrebisa gamo, vfiqrob, kaTolikoz-patriarqi dResac ar

uTmobs sxva pirs Tavis adgils: Worebsa da aur-zaurs erideba...

2) am `TavkideTa lodis~ Semdeg, epistoleSi aRniSnulia sakaTolikozo

sabWos moqmedebaTa `nakli~ (gv. 1) anu `ukanono~ ebani (gv. 7) romelTa Soris

pirveli adgili uWiravs `usamarTlod dasjas saqarTvelos eklesiis

yvelaze uxuces mRvdelmTavris, episkopoz daviTis quTaTel kaTedridan

mawyverel episkoposad gadayvaniT, iseT adgilze gadayvaniT, sadac arc bina

aris, arc saSvaleba imis Sesanaxad~ (gv. 1). sanam am `ukanonobas~ arsebiTad

SevexebodeT, saWiroa vicodeT, rogor esmiT epistoles avtorebs

`kanoniereba.~ am RirsSesaniSnav sabuTis meSvide gverdze sweria:

kaTolikoz-patriarqi ambrosi rCeba Tavis adgilze~ (quTaisis `krebis~

ganaCenia); mcxeTa-tfilisis eparqiaSi dagzavnil cirkularSi (#III

Tebervlis 12 TariRiT) aRniSnulia: `droebiTi mmarTvelebis Tavmjdomared

brZandeba kaTolikoz-patriarqi ambrosi~-o. mimdinare wlis ianvris 4 ki

droebiTi mmarTvelobis wevrebma mosTxoves Tavis Tavjdomares kaTolikos-

patriarqis kancelaria da `saqmeebi~ Cagvabareo. misma uwmidesobam upasuxa:

sanam me viTvlebi droebiTi mmarTvelobis Tavmjdomared da k. patriarqad

kancelariac da `saqmeebi~c Cems gankargulebaSi iyoso. droebiTi

mmarTvelobis wevrebma im dResve moiwvies milicia, daluqes kancelaria,

xolo meore dRes, ianvris 5, miliciis saSvalebiT Caibares saqmeebi da

kancelaria. epistole daTariRebulia ianvris 6, da iq garkveviT aris

aRniSnuli, rom `kaTolikozi rCeba Tavis adgilzeo.~ miliciis saSualebiT

kacs kancelaria da `saqmeebi~ CamoarTves da is mainc rCeba Tavmjdomared

Tavis adgilzeo. ase esmiT epistoles avtorebs kanoniereba, magram

daubrundeT `yvelaze uxuces mRvdelmTavars-episkopos daviTs~ da

vikiTxoT: raSi gamoixata misi meufebis `usamarTlod dasja?~ imaSi, rom

gadaiyvanes iseT adgilze, sadac arc bina aris, ars saSualeba misi

(episkopozis) Sesanaxad~! yovladsamRvdelo daviTi gadayvanil iqmna gori-

axalqalaq-axalcixis mazrebis mRvdelmTavrad `mawyverelis~ da ara

`urbnelis~ pativiT, vinaidan misi meufeba erTxel ukve iwodeboda

`urbnelad.~ es eparqia 1926 wlis oqtombramde eWira mitropolit ioanes,

magram raRac mizezebiT misma meufebam gaaneba mas Tavi, sami kviris Semdeg

ki kvlav ganacxada survili am eparqiaSi dabrunebisaTvis. igive eparqia

(werilobiT) iTxoves cxumelma mitropolitma qristeforem da baTum-

Semoqmedelma nestorma: Cans eparqia ar yofila imdenad daZabunebuli, rom

iq ar moipovebodes `saSualeba uxuces mRvdelmTavris Sesanaxad.~ am

mosazrebas amagreben cifrebiT da faqtebiT. 1926 w. pirvel naxevarSi

episkoposma daviTma sTxova sakaTolikozo sabWos, damimtkiceT Semdegi

xarjT-aRricxvao: episkopozs Tviurad 30 maneTi, binis qirad 10 m. da

kancelariis Sesanaxad 10 m. sul 50 maneTiao. mitropolit ioanem urbnisis

eparqiisgan Tavisuflebis Semdeg warmoadgina angariSi: yovelTviurad

viRebdi aT maneTso. amis garda, warsuli wlis oqtombris 23-24 viyavi gorSi

(droebiT me mebara eparqia), sadac samreklo sabWos wevrebma gadmomces: im

imediT, rom axali episkopozi icxovrebs gorSi (meufe ioane cxovrobda

tfilisSi), Cven SeudeqiT samoTaxiani saxlis Seneba-SekeTebaso, xolo Tu

binis mowyobamde daniSnavT episkopozso (maSin mxolod yovladsamRvdelo

nestors qonda Semotanili gancxadeba) dek. g. nasyidaSvili uTmobs mas erT-

erT oTaxso, rac iqac daadastura dekanozma. amgvarad ubinaobaze da

saSvalebis uqonlobaze laparaki unda CaiTvalos siyalbed...

mere ra danaSaulebisaTvis `dausjia~ ep. daviTi ase `usamarTlod~

sakaTolikozo sabWos epistoles avtorebma amis Sesaxeb oficialurad

araferi ar ician, magram `ara oficialurad (aq ukve gulTmisnoba iwyeba)

sakaTolikozo sabWos TvalSi daviT episkopozs miuZRvis ori danaSauli:

erTi misi, viTomda, mwvalebloba (eretikosoba) da meore misi uaryofiTi

damokidebuleba memorandumis gagzavnasTan~ (gv. 1).

ganvixiloT! `ep. daviTis eretikosoba gamoixata, ganagrZobs epistole,

misi TavmjdomareobiT 1923 w. qalaq quTaisSi Sedgenil proeqtSi saeklesio

reformaTa Sesaxeb~ (gv. 1-2) epistoles avtorebi, rom gulTmisnobis gzas ar

dasdgomodnen da odnavac mainc Cafiqrebodnen sakaTolikozo sabWos im

cirkulirs (ix. damateba #1), romlidanac amouglejiaT (da isic Tavis

sawinaaRmdegod) erTi fraza. mixvdebodnen, rom `saeklesio reformaTa

Sesaxeb proeqtis~ warmodgena davalebuli qonda yovladsamRvdelo daviTs.

cirkulirSi sweria: `daevalos eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebs dauyovnebliv

moaxdinon gankarguleba... cvlilebaTa damuSavebel komisiebis arCevis

Sesaxeb da komisiaTa mier dasabuTebuli da damuSavebuli proeqtebi

warmoudginon sakaTolikozo sabWos ucvlelad, TavianTi daskvnis (calke)

darTviT.~ maSasadame Tu yovladsamRvdelo daviTma daamuSava sasurvel

cvlilebaTa proeqti, amiT mas mxolod Seusrulebia sabWos davaleba da

sabWo marTlac didad axirebuli ram dawesebuleba unda yofiliyo, rom

episkopozi daviTi misi davalebis SesrulebisaTvis daesaja. maS raSia

saqme? Tumca sityva gagvigrZelda, magram iZulebuli var avalaparako aq

faqtebi da TviT yovladsamRvdelo daviTi. 1925 wlis oqtombris 11 TariRiT

daviT episkoposma moarTva sakaTolikozo sabWos ganmarteba romelSiac

sweria: `vinaidan Cem mier xelmoweril da `muSa da glexSi~ (1923 #35)

dastambul proeqtis gamo iyo da alag-alag dResac aris gavrcelebuli

araswori xmebi, pativiscemiT movaxseneb sakaTolikozo sabWos, rom a)

proeqti igi iyo gamowveuli 1) sakaTolikozo sabWos 1922 wlis 19

oqtombris #47 dadgenilebiT (zemoT rom moviyvaneT) da 2) keTili mizniT _

gvexsna eklesia dangrevisagan maSindel saSinel momentSi da xeli Segvewyo

datusaRebulTa gamoSvebisaTvis...

b) rom proeqti igi iyo mxolod proeqti... me arcerTi mRvdlisTvis ar

mimiweria mieRo da ganecxadebia is proeqti, da arc Tavad Semicvlia ra

eklesiasi, g) is proeqti momentisa gamo eklesiaSi iyo Sedgenili siCqariT

or dReSi, da azrebi masSi araa gamoxatuli yvelgan sisworiT da naTlad.

dabeWdilSi aris Secdoma... dasasrul, samwuxarod mimaCnia, rom aRniSnuli

proeqti daistamba gazeTSi; misi dabeWdva Cemze ar iyo damokidebuli~ (saqme

17/1925).

rogorc xedavT, damuSavebuli proeqti yovladsamRvdelo daviTs sabWoSi

ki ar warudgenia, aramed (Tavis uneburad) daustambavs gazeT `muSa da

glexSi~ (#35, 1925, VIII.26) amis gamo `proeqtis garSemo~ `gavrcelebula ara

swori xmebi,~ miT umetes, rom igi yofila `Sedgenili siCqariT or dReSi,

da azrebi masSi araa gamoTqmuli yovelgan sisworiT da naTlad,

dabeWdilSi aris Secdoma~ (redaqcia ki adasturebs, rom dabeWdilia

`ucvlelado~) am siCqariT Sedgenilma proeqtma miiqcia presis yuradReba.

`muSa da glexi~-s TviT im nomerSi, romelSidac adgili aqvs daTmobili

proeqts, moTavsebulia mowinave werili `pirveli nabiji,~ romelic

gveubneba Semdegs: `Cven vfiqrobT pirveli nabiji quTaisis samRvdeloebis

warmomadgenlebisa mokle xanSi ufro Rrma da ufro radikalur gamoZaxils

povebs samRvdeloebis dabal wreebSi... yovelgvari axali, yovelgvari

`progresuli~ nabijis gadadgma misi (eklesiis) cxovrebaSi Cvens mier

aRiarebuli iqneba, rogorc dadebiTi movlena. yovel SemTxvevaSi, es ufro

daafiqrebs maTTac, visac eklesia swams _ am eklesiis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb.

dafiqreba ki yvelazed ufro Seuwyobs xels imas, riskenac Cven miviswrafiT

eklesiis sakiTxSi: `mis srul mospobas~ (xazi redaqciisaa) daumateT amas

gazeT Заря Востока 2 (266, 1923, XI, 18) cnoba, rom `amas winaT daviT

episkopozis meTaurobiT Sedga mRvdelmTavrebis jgufis konferencia,

romelTac gadaswyvites gaataron reformebi saqarTvelos eklesiaSi. maTi

survilia `cxoveli eklesiis~ Seqmna saqarTvelos masStabSi чтоже ?~... me

mgonia didi `sibrZne da gamWriaxoba~ ar aris saWiro imis gasagebad, Tu

rogor gavrcelda yovladsamRvdelo daviTis Sesaxeb `araswori xmebi~.

sakaTolikozo sabWo swored imisTvis Txoulobda ukve xsenebuli

cirkulariT proeqtebi `unda dagrovdes centrSi (sabWoSi)

ganxorcielebisaTvis erT spetrSi gasatareblado,~ rom uzrunvelyo es Tu

is pirovneba `araswori xmebis gavrcelebis~ Sedegebisagan...

yovladsamRvdelos mizani _ `gvexsna eklesia dangrevisagan da xeli

Segvewyo datusaRebulTa gamoSvebisaTvis~ _ keTili da kargi iyo, magram

mis gansaxorcieleblad arCeuli saSualeba ki friad cudi: SecdomiT da

aCqarebiT dawerili proeqtiT veravis daakmayofilebT, _ verc imaT vis

xelSiac aris ufleba `datusaRebulTa gamoSvebisa~ da verc morwmune ers.

mxedvelobaSi misaRebia isic, rom proeqti dawerilia daviTiseburi

kategoriuli kiloTi: `sakurTxevelSi trapezis ukan asvenia an daxatulia

qristess xati, sxva xatebis taZarSi daxatva akrZalulia... sakurTxevels

orive gverdze axlavs kedlebamde buduarebi da amaT Soris CamoSvebulia

farda... sacecxluri da sakmeveli mospobilia... saswaulT moqmedi xati ar

arsebobs... samociquloni yovelnair RvTismsaxurebidan da

mRvdelmoqmedebidan ganidevnos... sasikvdino ziarebis micema mRvdlisaTvis

ar aris savaldebulo... kaba da anafora dauSvebelia eklesiasa da sxva

mRvdelmoqmedebis drois gareSe... marxva savaldebulo ar ars...

dResaswaulTa ricxvi Semcirdes da gadatanil iqnes axal stilze.~ (muSa

da glexi~ #35).

miuxedavad imisa, rom daviT episkopozis proeqtSi `eretikuli~ ar aris

ra (eretikuli elementi ki moipoveba), mdabio xalxi (da zogi

inteligentic) uaryofiT Sexvda aRniSnul proeqts da Tavisi uaryofiTi

Sexeduleba moitana sakaTolikozo sabWos krebamde. rogor Sexvda

sakaTolikozo sabWo am `buduarebian,~ `CamoSvebul fardebian~ da

`sasikvdine ziarebian~ proeqts Cans mis #63 ganCinebidan 1925 wlis

oqtombris 12 gamotanilidan: `sakaTolikozo sabWom moismina

yovladsamRvdelo daviTis (oqtombris II) ganmarteba da scno igi

damakmayofileblad , xolo gazeTSi misi proeqtis dastambva _ samwuxaro

movlenad.~ (saqme #17/1925) naTqvamidan cxadia, rom sakiTxs daviT

episkopozis `eretikosobis~ Sesaxeb sakaTolikozo sabWom mouRo bolo

1925, X, 12 da amis Semdeg epistoleSi am saganze laparaki unda CaiTvalos

pirdapir ciliswamebad.

exla SevexoT daviT episkopozis sakaTolikozo sabWos winaSe (viTomda)

meore danaSauls _ `mis uaryofiT damokidebulebas memorandumis

gagzavnasTan~ da amis gamo sabWos mier mis `usamarTlod dasjas.~ epistole

mogviTxrobs (ukve kategoriuli toniT): `meore danaSauli episkopoz

daviTis sakaTolikozo sabWos TvalSi iyo misi monawileoba im

deputaciasi, romelic quTaTerebma miugzavnes kaTolikoz-patriarqs 1923

wlis seqtemberSi saTxovnelad, rom memorandumis gagzavnisa gamo Seetana

sabWoTa mTavrobis winaSe gancxadeba, rom memorandumis gagzavna iyo

Secdoma~ (gv. #2). roca es deputacia warudga kaTolikoz-patriarqs,

sakaTolikozo #1 sabWos wevrebi `cxraklitulSi~ isxdnen da ara icodnen

ra, Tu ra xdeboda satusaRos gareSe da rom scodnodaT _ didad

madlobeli darCebodnen deputaciis meTaurisa, romlis im droindel

moqmedebas safuZvlad sdebia, rogorc TviT brZanebs `datusaRebulTa

gamoSveba~. friad boroti adamianebi unda iyvnen sakaTolikozo sabWos

wevrebi, rom maTi gamoSvebisaTvis xelsSemwyobi da mzrunveli kacis dasja

moendomebinaT da isic mis Semdeg, rodesac memorandumis avtorma ukve

Seasrula quTaTur deputaciis Txovna-aRiara saqveynod Secdomad

memorandumis gagzavna. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom yovladsamRvdelo daviTs

`dasjamde~ arasodes ar ubrZanebia, memorandumis Sedgena-gagzavnaSi

sakaTolikozo-sabWos wevrebmac miiRes monawileobao, da Tu amgvari

braldeba Tavs moaxvia sakaTolikozo sabWos `dasjis~ Semdeg es imdenadve

safuZvliania, ramdenadac meore misi meufebis braldeba-provokacia,

`sakaTolikozo sabWom ar Seasrula mTavrobis brZaneba, mieRo Tbilisis

samxedro taZris qonebao.~ (moxseneba #345, 1926. XI. 14), _ amgvari brZaneba

sakaTolikozo sabWos arasodes ar miuRia. sagulisxmoa isic, rom

epistoles avtorebs metad gulmaviwyi da sulel adamianebad gamoyavT

sakaTolikozo sabWos wevrebi. marTlac, memorandumis simwvave sabWos

wevrebma sakmaod igemes da nuTu xelmeored astexdnen mis gamo gangaSs,

Tundac `araoficialurad,~ gansakuTrebiT ivnisis 10 Semdeg, rodesac misi

uwmidesobis winadadebis Tanaxmad, samRvdeloebas sastikad aukrZales

politikaSi ar gaerioTo! epistoles avtorebma kargad ician, rom

sakaTolikozo sabWos wevrebi ar arian Tavisi (Tu eklesiis ara) mtrebi,

magram, samwuxarod isini (epistoles avtorebi) did pativs scemen

gansvenebul (Tumca ukvdav) egnate loiolas, romelmac dastova anderZi:

saSualebas amarTlebs mizanio. am patiosan gvamTa mizani ki is aris, rom

gautexon epistoles mkiTxvelTa TvalSi saxeli sakaTolikozo sabWos

wevrebs da miayenon maT yovelgvari `Wiri da iwroeba.~ RmerTma msvidoba

misceT!...

maS ram gamoiwvia daviT episkopozis `dasja~, an rogorc erTma

gulubryvilo gurulma miTxra civ qveyanaSi gadasaxleba~? kaTolikozis

ganTavisuflebis pirvel dReebSive quTaisidan Semovida sabWoSi daviT

episkoposze saCivrebi, romelTa dedaazri iyo: yovladsamRvdelo ar

Seefereba quTaiss da gadaiyvaneT aqedano. saCivrebs moyva apologia: daviTi

Cinebuli mRvdelmTavaria da nu dasZravT adgilidano. misma uwmidesobam am

qaRaldebis Seswavla me mibrZana. Sevasrule mondobiloba da movaxsene:

Cveneburi `kliazebia~ da saqme unda moispos meTqi. sxvaTaSoris davisabuTe

imiTac, rom zogierTi momCivari apologiazec awerda xels, miuxedavad

imisa, rom es ori sabuTi daSorebuli iyo erTmaneTisagan, erTis Tu ori

dRis manZiliT. amis Semdeg me qalaqidan wavel, daimedebuli, rom saqme

moispoboda. Semodgomaze gavige, rom sabWos saqme ar ganexila. erTxel

visargeble SemTxveviT da SevekiTxe mis uwmidesobas, Tu ratom ar iyo saqme

ganxiluli. mibrZana: Seni wasvlis Semdeg me bevri quTaiseli kaci vnaxe

aqac da borjomSic, da yvela imas mTxovda, _ daviTi mogvaSoreTo; ai am

dReebSi Semovitan sabWoSi da rogorc ujobdes, ise moiqeciTo. sabWoSi me

Cemi azri gavimeore, magram amjobines yovladsamRvdelo melqisedeqis

gagzavna, saqmis adgilobriv gasacnobad. yovladsamRvdelom quTaisidan

dabrunebis Semdeg moaxsena (1925 w. dekembris 16) sabWos: Tumca daviT

episkopozi `umwikvlo adamiania,~ magram `misi gadayvana quTaisidan saWiroa

da sasargeblo TviT yovladsamRvdelo daviTisaTvisac da saqmisTvisaco.~

(saqme #17/1925).

es moxseneba sakaTolikozo sabWom moismina 1926 wlis ianvris 22 da

ganaCina: `yovladsamRvdelo daviTze Semosul saCivrebSi ar aris iseTi ram,

risTvisac SeiZlebodes misi meufebis sasamarTloSi micema da amisTvis

mazed Semosuli saCivrebi datovebul iqmnas uSedegod~. am ganaCeniT saqme

miyuCda, magram quTaTurebi mainc ar isvenebdnen: ukmayofilebas ucxadebdnen

kaTolikos-patriarqs, me ki pirdapir Seuracxyofas mayenebdnen, _ daviTs

xels afareb da eparqias Rupavo. (amas damimowmebs TviT yovladsamRvdelo

daviTic). verc misi meufeba grZnobda Tavs damSvidebulad. mimarTva

yovladsamRvdelo varlam margvels, gavcvaloT eparqiebio, miiRo uari.

aseTive pasuxi miiRo yovladsamRvdelo qristefore soxumelisagan,

romelmac gadmomca: soxumSi daviTi ver gamodgebao...

1926 w. oqtombris SuaricxvebSi damibara kaTolikos- patriarqma, saRamos

Svid saaTze Camodi CemTano. veaxel aRelvebuli damxvda. gadmomca didi

werili da mibrZana: pirveli gverdi waikiTxe da ukanve momecio. werili ase

iwyeboda: Tqvens uwmidesobas moexseneba, rom mitropoliti kalistrate,

romelic imyofeboda daviT episkopozis gavlenis qveS, yovelgvar zomebs

xmarobs, rom Cveni saCivrebi darCes uyuradRebod, eparqia ki iRupebao.

ukanasknelad gTxovT da Tanac mogaxsenebT: Tu mokle droSi

yovladusamRvdeloesi daviTi ar iqneba gadayvanili quTaisidan, Cven 600

kaci miviqceviT moskovis mTavarepiskoposisadmi TxovniT, migviRos Tavis

mfarvelobis qveS. gavanebe kiTxvas Tavi da SevekiTxe mis uwmidesobas

xelmowerilia werili Tu ara: xelmowerilic aris da friad sando kacic

ariso. movaxsene: is rom sando kaci iyos, muqariT ar mogmarTavdaT da

werils ar daawerda: `friad saidumlod~ meTqi. Tu 600 kaci fiqrobs

moskovSi qaRaldis gagzavnas, am qaRaldze eqvsi mainc moawerda xels meTqi.

gamovitane kancelariidan `saqme~, gadavkiTxe. Tavidan bolomde saCivrebi,

ganumarte maTi usafuZvloba da movaxsene, is Tqven mier sandod miCneuli

kaci, Tqveni mteri yofila, unda agaRelvoT da gaarTulos Tqveni

avadmyofoba meTqi. gamirisxda: Sen marTla daviTis gavlenis qveS

yofilxaro, xom xedav, eparqiaSi xanZariao. mewyina, SevekamaTe da

SeumCnevlad xma avimaRle imdenad, rom kancelariaSi myofma dekanozma m.

xuciSvilma astexa arabunebrivi xvela da amiT magrZnobina Cemi

Tavdaviwyeba. bodiSi movixade da vTxove, is werili CemTvis eCuqebina.

gaukvirda, gaiRima da mibrZana: axirebuli kaci xar, me werilis meore

gverdic ar wagakiTxe da Sen ki Cuqebas mTxov?! miveci patiosani sityva, rom

Tu werils maCuqebda, misi Sinaarsi, rogorc avtori Txoulobda samudamod

`friad saidumlod~ darCeboda. werili gadmomca, mec maSinve davxie, gavaRe

fanjara da nafleTebi mtkvarSi gadavyare. warbebi SeiWmuxna, Cafiqrda da

bolos mibrZana: Sen age am saqmesi pasuxio. Tanxmobis niSnad xelze

vemTxvie, erTxel kidev vTxove damSvidebuliyo da gamoveTxove.

ramdenime dRis Semdeg mwirveli viyav soxumSi. wirva rom gaTavda,

vinaxule misi uwmidesoba, iqve iyvnen mitropoliti ioane, dekanozi

nacvliSvili da oriode saeroTagani. moaxsenes, TqvenTan geaxlaT viRac

mandilosani da Txoulobs mousminoTo. mibrZana, miiReo. gavel samuSao

oTaxSi, magram mandilosanma daJinebiT moiTxova misi uwmidesobis naxva.

gabrZanda da cota xnis Semdeg dabrunda friad daRonebuli. roca marto

davrCiT, mibrZana: im werilis pasuxs eliano. Sevecade damemSvidebia, magram

xma ar gamca, gamomeTxova da SebrZanda sawol oTaxSi.

giorgobisTvis 3, sakaTolikozo sxdomaze, TviT ineba Tavmjdomareoba

(Cveulebrivad ki me mandobda Tavmjdomareobas) da Cemda gasacvifreblad

sakiTxTa Soris aRmoCnda mis uwmidesobis xeliT dawerili #60 winadadeba

(bolo dros qaRaldebs dekanoz nacvliSvils awerinebda) mRvdelT-

mTavarTa gadayvana-gadmoyvanis Sesaxeb: daviT episkopozs upirebda

gadayvanas urbnisSi. winadadeba imdenad moulodneli aRmoCnda yvelasaTvis,

rom SekiTxvaze: vin ras ityviso, xma aravin daZra. uxerxuli siCume isev me

davarRvie gancxadebiT: am winadadebis miReba gamoiwvevs garTulebas:

daviTi gajiutdeba da quTaisidan ar wamova meTqi. es erTi. meore isa, rom

urbnisis eparqias werilobiT Txouloben mitropolit ioanec meTqi. me

Sevpirdi meufe qristefores, mxars dauWer Tqvens kandidaturas meTqi da

amitomac winadadebas ver viziareb meTqi. mesame: me darwmunebuli var, rom

yovladsamRvdelo daviTi dRes Tu xval TviT daanebebs Tavs quTaiss da

amisTvis misi administraciuli wesiT daZvra sasurveli ar aris meTqi. ra

sabuTi mqonda am ukanaskneli gancxadebisaTvis? is, rom yovlad samRvdelo,

daviTi kviraSi erTxel mainc mwerda: momixerxe tfilisSi erTi oTaxi da

25-30 maneTi da damixsen am jojoxeTidano. misi meufebis am survils

advilad gaigebs is, vinc icnobs daviT episkopozs: igi aris kacis niWieri,

Cinebuli mwerali, qvelmoqmedi, magram uaRresad ampartavani, Tavmoyvare da

ukmayofilo... Tavis garegnobiT, rasac ar malavs oficialur miwer-

moweraSic. 1926 wlis oqtombris 17 da 21 ##295 da 301 moxsenebebSi

yovladsamRvdelo sTvlis Tavis Tavs `ulamazo episkoposad,~ romelic

Turme ar moswonT (albaT aqvs survili moswondeT!) `silamazis

motrfiale~ `viRac qalebs,~, `maxinj adamianebs~, `garyvnil gemovnebis mqone

morwmuneebs (ufro urwmunoebs)~, da amisTvis yovelTvis cdilobs da

cdilobda erTsa da imave adgilze ar darCes didxans. mis meufebas xSirad

uTqvams: adamiani unaklo ar aris, amisTvis Tu ginda, rom mosvenebiT da

bednierad icxovro, erTsa da imave adgilze ar darCe didxans, gagicnoben

da pativs aRar gcemeno. am filosofias misi meufeba sinamdvileSi

axorcielebda: akademia daamTavra 1899 w. imave welSi daiwyo samsaxuri

kavkasiaSi qristianobis aRmadgenel sazogadoebaSi, 1900 w. gadavida Telavis

sasuliero saswavlebelSi, 1902 w. senakis (samegrelos) sasuliero

saswavlebelSi, 1903 w. solokamskis, xolo 1904 w. polockis

saswavleblebSi, 1905 w. vitebskis seminariaSi, 1906 w. donis seminariaSi, 1907-

1912 ww. alaverdis episkoposad (moZraobas xeli SeuSala nikon episkoposis

mokvlam), 1912-1913 w. peitigorskis qorepiskoposad, 1914-1917 w. vinickis

qorepiskoposad (moZraoba SeaCera omianobam) 1917-1919 w. urbnel episkoposad

1919-1921 w. sakaTolikozo sabWos wevrad, 1921-1922 w. Wyondidel-

Semoqmedelad, 1923 w. baTum-Semoqmedelad, 1924 w. alaverdelad da imave

wels noembridan quTaTelad. magram es sxvaTaSoris, sakaTolikozo sabWoSi

ki Cem gancxadebas mxari dauWira erTma wevrma: danarCenebi miemxrnen

yovladsamRvdelo melqisedeqis (dRes misi meufeba droebiTi mmarTvelobis

wevria) gancxadebas: `misi uwmidesobis winadadeba gamowveulia saqmis

dakvirvebiTi SeswavliT da eklesiis sargeblobiT da amisTvis sityvis

Seubruneblad unda miviRoTo...~ sakiTxi amoiwura...

RvTisa da sinodis winaSe SemiZlia ganvacxado, rom daviTis eretikosoba

_ reformatoroba _ antimemorandumistoba arcerT sakaTolikoso wevrs ar

mosvlia TavSi noembris 3 sxdomaze. gadamWreli gavlena iqonia

kaTolikozis Rrma rwmenam, _ eparqia daiRupeba Tu daviT episkopozi

quTaisSi darCebao. amas daerTo melqisedek episkopozis avtoritetuli

gancxadeba (avtorituli imitom, rom is 1925 w. quTaisSi iyo am saqmis gamo),

daviTis gadmoyvana sasargeblo da saWiroa misTvisac da saqmisTvisaco da

yovladsamRvdelo daviTis nivTierad ukeT mowyoba, vinem is iyo mowyobili

quTaisSi...

3) Semdeg `naklad~ sakaTolikoso sabWos eTvleba is, rom mas `gauvida

vada rwmunebulobis 1924 w... marTalia 1925 w. 10 seqtembers gaugrZelda mas

vada moqmedebisa episkopozTa krebulma meoTxe saeklesio krebamde, magram

Tanve dasZina, rom es kreba unda moewvia. sak. sabWos 1926 w. gazafxulze,

raica man ar Seasrula da amiT moispo TavisTvis moqmedebis ufleba. Tavis

marTleba, rom arc erT episkoposs ar warmoudgenia masala krebisaTviso

da amisTvis gadaido igio aris sityvis banze agdeba (gv. 3-4). sakaTolikozo

sabWos wevrebs, rom 1924 w. seqtemberSi gauTavdaT vada rwmunebulebis, es

yvela maTganma kargad icoda da swored amisTvis ganucxades episkopozTa

krebuls 1925.X.10: Cveni arCeul wevrT gagvivida vada, Tqven ki uvado

wevrebi brZandebiT, gangvaTavisufleT, Cveni arseboba ukanonoa, Tqven Tavad

eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba krebis mowvevamde, sakmarisi iqneba sam-sami

mRvdelmTavari morigeobiT brZandebodeT tfilisSio. episkoposebma ar

Seiwynares vadagasul wevrTa mudara da ganaCines: `sakaTalikozo sabWos

awindeli Semadgenloba cnobil iqmnas kanonierad da misi wevrni-

uflebamosilad axal arCevnebamde~-o. TavisTavad cxadia es arCevnebi unda

moexdina saeklesio meoTxe krebas, magram ra droisTvis unda mowveuliyo

igi episkopozTa krebuls ar ganusazRvravs. ase rom, `Tanac kreba 1926 w.

gazafxulze unda momxdariyoo.~ nayofia epistoleTa avtorTa... simarTlisa

da sakaT. sabWosadmi siyvarulisa. miuxedavad krebis mowvevis drois

ganusazRvrelobisa, 1926 w. Tebervlis 10 ganCinebiT sakaT. sabWom moiwvia

saeklesio kreba iamve wlis maisis 23 Tvis, Tanac dasZina: windadeba mieceT

eparqiaTa mmarTvelT aprilis pirvelamde warmogzavnon adgilobriv

aRZruli da damuSavebuli sakiTxebio. am sakiTxebs sakaTolikoso sabWo

eloda aprilis rvamde da, radganac aseTebi arcerT mRvdelTmTavars ar

warmoudgenia da aRdgomis dResaswaulebic moaxloebuli iyo (aRdgoma iyo

maisis 2), ganaCina (aprilis 8): saeklesio kreba mowveul iqmnas mis Semdeg,

roca dagrovdeba masalebio. es ganCineba meore dResve daegzavnaT

mRvdelmTavrebs, magram igi ar moswonT epistoles avtorebs: `es aris

sityvis banze agdeba, proeqtebi unda warmoedginaT kaTolikossa da mis

mosaydreso~ (gv. 4). me ar vici ramdenad Sesaferia saeklesio mmarTvelobis

(Tundac droebiTis) epistoleSi `banze sityvis agdebaze~ laparaki, magram

kargad vici Semdegi: 1917 wlidan me gaxlavarT sakaTolikozo sabWos wevri

da mowme imisa, rom visac fexi Semoudgams sabWos karebSi yvela imeorebs,

cvlilebania saWiro Cvens eklesiaSi, magram konkretulad ra cvlilebani

(an ratom) unda iqmnas SemoRebulni aravisagan msmenia. amis gamo. sakaT.

sabWos srulma Semadgenlobam 1922 w. oqtombris 19 gamoitana #47

dadgenileba (nawilobriv ukve zemoT moyvanili): `cnobil iqmnas

sasurvelad, rom (saqarTvelos eklesiaSi) cvlilebani moxdes

samRvdeloebis da morwmune eris monawileobiT... daevalos eparqiaTa

mRvdelmTavrebs... komisiebis arCeva... da komisiaTa mier damuSavebuli

proeqtebi warmoudginon sabWos ucvlelad, da rom arCeuli komisiebis

gareSec yvela morwmunes SeuZlia warmoadginos... saWiro cvlilebaTa

dasabuTebuli proeqti.~

aseTi proeqtebis moTxovna `banze sityvis agdeba~ ki ar aris, aramed

niSania saqmianobas: epistoles avtorebs kargaT moexsenebaT, rom meore da

mesame krebebze TiTqmis erTxmad iqmna uaryofili sakaTolikoso sabWos

proeqtebi samRvdeleobis mier samsaxurs gareSe saero tanisamosis tarebisa

da mRvdelmsaxurebaSi cvlilebaTa Setanis Sesaxeb. xolo

yovladsamRvdelo qristefore quTaisis sakrebulo taZriTgan

eqsoriayofil uyviaT axali stilis Sesaxeb ganmartebis miwodebis gamo.

sakaTolikoso sabWom swored imisTvis gamoitana 1922 welSi @#47 ganCineba,

rom is Rrmad iyo darwmunebuli, vercerTi cvlileba, romelic morwmune

eris mier ar aris cnobili sasurvelad ver gatardeba cxovrebaSi, Tundac

igi saeklesio krebis mier iyos gamotanili. am azrisa var me dResac, miT

umetes rom ai ra amovikiTxe mimdinare wlis Tebervlis 11 `komunistis~ #33

mowinave werilSi (gadmobeWdilia `pravdadan~): `centr. sakontrolo

komisiis plenumis dadgenilebiT... ama Tu im ZiriTad cvlilebaTa proeqtebi

mmarTvelobis dargSi winaswar unda iqnas ganxiluli farTo krebaze.

partiul organizaciebsa da profkavSirebSi da agreTve muSebis da

glexebis krebebze... sanam es sakiTxebi miiReben kanonis formas...~

damaxasiaTebelia Semdegic: Tu sakaT. sabWos mier masalebis moTxovna

`banze sityvis agdebaa,~ droebiTi mmarTvelobis 1927 w. ianvris 31 ganCinebis

mesame muxli _ `daevalos eparqiis mmarTvelT warmoadginon

mRvdelTmTavarTa krebaze (romelic daniSnuli iyo da Sesdga mart. 22)

momaval saeklesio krebis gansaxilveli sakiTxebi da masalebi.~ - raRaa?!

Tu: guod licet Joris,...licet loris?!,... fraza _ `maisis 23 krebis

mouwvevlobiT sakaT. sabWom moispo TavisTvis arsebobis uflebao.~

gaugebaria: Tu sakaT. sabWos maisis Semdeg mospobilad sTvlida Tundac

epistoles avtorTa meTauri, raRaT ugzavnida mas misi meufeba moxsenebebsa

da Txoulobda misgan sanqcias, gansakuTrebiT gaugebaria 1926 wlis

seqtembris 24 #209 moxsenebis gamogzavna romelSidac aRniSnulia meoTxe

saeklesio krebaze gansaxilveli sakiTxebi: epistoles avtorTa meTauri

mitropolit qristefore rodis brZandeba WeSmaritebasTan axlo, _ 1926

wlis seqtembris 24, Tu 1927 wl. ianvris 6?! Cans, sakaT. sabWos aRniSnuli

`nakli~ arc imdenad didi yofila, rom mas mospobda arsebobis ufleba:

srul gonebaze myofi adamiani ki arseba mospobilebTan urTierTobas ar

iWers!...

SeniSvna: am sakiTze amomwurav pasuxs Seicavs kaTolikos patriarqis

ambrosis rezolucia, romelic dadebulia quTaisis `krebis~ Tavjdomare

qristefore mitropolitis 1926 wlis dekembris 28 moxsenebaze. (ixile

qvemoT): `1926.XII.29 Tumca sakaT. sabWos wevrebs 1924 wlis enkenisTveSi

gauvidaT vada, magram isini 1925 wlis oqtombris 10 #11 ganCinebiT Cveni

eklesiis yvela mRvdelmTavarTa (mitr. qristefore, mitr. ioane,

episkopozni: daviTi, svimoni, nestori da pavle) sakaT. sabWos mudmiv da

pasuxismgebel wevrTa mier datovebul arian sakaT. sabWos wevrebad axal

arCevnebamde. amitom maTi gadayeneba ukanono iqneba yvela mRvdelTmTavarTa

nebadaurTvelad. Tu dRes yvela mRvdelTmTavarni moiTxoven maT

gadayenebas, maSin TviT yovladsamRvdeloT unda aiRon xelSi eklesiis

marTva gamgeoba. saeklesio kreba mowveuli iyo 1926 wlis maisis 23 _ saTvis

da Tu ar Sesdga, amis mizezi iyo is, rom arcerT mRvdelTmTavars (maT

Soris yovladsamRvdelo qristefores, daviTsa da stefanesac) ar

warmoudgeniaT maTgan moTxovnili sakiTxebi, romelic unda garCeuliyo

krebaze. amis gamo aprilis 8 ganCinebiT sakaT. sabWom gadasdo kreba da

xelaxla mosTxova sakiTxebi eparqiaTa mmarTvel episkopozT, magram arc am

moTxovnilebas gasces pasuxi episkopozebma garda yovladsamRvdelo

qristeforesi (warmoadgina am wlis 30/IX mxolod sia sakiTxTa da ara

damuSavebuli sakiTxebi) da ep. nestorisa _ 6/V. Cems eparqiaSi dainiSna

saeklesio krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxebis wamosayeneblad da

dasamuSaveblad, dek. d. xaxutaSvilis TavmjdomareobiT, komisia; magram am

komisiis naSromi CemTvis jerac ar warmoedginaT. naTqvamidan cxadad Cans

krebis dagvianeba sakaT. sabWoze damokidebuli ar yofila. amJamad kreba

miwveulia 1927 wlis martis 23 Tvis, da kvlav moTxovnilia

mRvdelTmTavarTagan damuSavebuli sakiTxebi, romelTa gadasasinjavad da

gadasamuSaveblad (Tu amas moiTxovs saWiroeba) ukve Tebervlis 10

ganCinebiT daarsebulia krebis winaswari komisia. mTavar miznad

yovladsamRvdelo qristefores dausaxes saeklesio krebisaTvis masalebis

damzadeba. vfiqrob am sakiTxis mogvareba SeiZleboda, eklesiaSi anarqiis

Seutanelad, winaswari TaTbiris komisias miniWebuli aqvs ufleba,

saqmisaTvis sasargeblo pirTa miwvevisa. (saqme. #46/926) rac Seexeba

brZanebas _ `proeqtebi kaTolikossa da mis mosaydres unda

daemzadebinaTo.~ _ esec moklebulia samarTlianobas: kaT. patriarqis

proeqtebi (mag. marxvaSi taZris dResaswaulebis Sesaxeb) dResac daculia

kancelariaSi, xolo `mosaydres~ rom proeqtebis daweris unaricaa da

gayvanis SesaZleblobac aqvs amis mowmea samive saeklesio krebisa da sakaT.

sabWos Jurnalebi, magram Tu igi moeloda proeqtebs sxvebisagan, es

gamowveulia SemdegiT: `mosaydres~ yovelTvis usayvedurebdnen, Sen qalaqis

gareT ra xdeba ar icio, amisTvis Seni proeqtebi teritoriulia, soflis

morwmuneTaTvis gamousadegario, amitom me msurda, menaxa `praqtikul~

moRvaweTagan warmodgenili proeqtebi, romelic misaRebi iqneboda

morwmuneTa umravlesobisaTvis, magram aseTi proeqti me vixile mxolod

erTad-erTi, _ sakurTxevelis gverdebze `CamoSveul fardebis~ iqiT

mowyobil `buduarebiT~ da `sasikvdine ziarebiT~... SeiZleba aseTi proeqti

friad `praqtikuli~ iyos, magram CemTvis ki gaugebari da miuRebelia~...39

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiT gamgeobas (quTaisSi

1926 wlis dekemberSi mowveul krebaze Seqmnils s.v.) gansakuTrebiT

aRizianebdaT mitropolit kalistrates mosaydris Tanamdebobaze yofna da

mis winaaRmdeg gamodiodnen. Seqmnil viTarebaSi 1926 wlis 30 dekembers

mitropolitma kalistratem droebiTi gamgeobisagan daTxovnilad

gamocxadebul sakaTolikoso sabWos Semdegi gancxadebiT mimarTa: `vinaidan

davrwmundi, rom is arev-dareva, romelic dRes sufevs Cvens eklesiaSi

gamowveuli yofila umTavresad Cem mier sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqis mosaydris movaleobis aRsrulebiT, pativiscemiT vTxov

sakaTolikoso sabWos, airCios mosaydred sxva mRvdelTmTavari, me ki

gamaTavisuflos xsenebuli movaleobis aRsrulebidan.~40 mitropolit

kalistrates es gadawyvetileba iyo iZulebiTi da kidev ufro aZlierebda

quTaisis saeklesio krebis monawileTa poziciebs. maT xelisuflebac

waeSvela. saqarTvelos ssr centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis 1926

wlis dadgenilebiT Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisiis mier registraciaSi

gautarebeli saeklesio marTva-gamgeobis organoebi CaiTvleboda ukanonod.

quTaisis krebis monawileoba gancxadebiT mimarTes Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo

komisarits, raTa registraciaSi gaetarebianT saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi gamgeoba. amis Semdeg moiTxoves

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis kancelariis, beWdis, saqmis warmoebis

gadacema, daxmarebisaTvis mimarTes Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariats,

romelmac 1927 wlis 4 ianvris brZanebiT CamoarTva sakaTolikoso da

saeparqio kancelaria uwmidessa da unetaress sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis. uwmidesi ambrosi saqarTvelos ssr Sinagan

saqmeTa komisariatis saxelze gagzavnil werilSi aRniSnavda: `Sinagan

saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis 1927 wlis 4 ianvris brZanebiT CamogverTva

rogorc sakaTolikoso, ise saeparqio kancelaria da Cabarda saqarTvelos

eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobas, romelic gatarebuli yofila

registraciaSi Ss komisariatis 1926 wlis 28 dekembris gankargulebiT.

aRniSnulis gamo pativiscemiT movaxsenebT S.s. komisariats Cemi

TavmjdomareobiT arsebuli sakaTolikoso sabWo da mis qvemdebare

organoebi cnobilia saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier rogorc oficialuri

dawesebulebani, sakaTolikoso sabWo moqmedebs saeklesio krebis (1917 - 1920

w.w.) mier SemuSavebuli debulebis mixedviT, mas miznad aqvs dasaxuli

marTlmadidebel qristianTa xelmZRvaneloba sarwmunoebriv-zneobriv

sferoSi, ar ereva araviTar politikur saqmeSi. magram aRmoCndnen

sakaTolikoso sabWos kanonieri moqmedebiT ukmayofiloni, erTma

episkoposma (igulisxmeba daviT kaWaxiZe s.v.) Tavisi Tavi Cemgan da

sakaTolikokoso sabWosgan damoukideblad gamoacxada da 1926 wlis 26-27

dekembris q. quTaisSi kanonier mandatebis ar mqone ukmayofiloTa kreba

moiwvia. xsenebul krebas gadayenebulad gamoucxadebia dRevandeli

SemadgenlobiT sakaTolikoso sabWo aurCevia mis nacvlad eklesiis

droebiTi gamgeoba, maSin, roca es ufleba ekuTvnis mxolod eklesiuri

TvalsazrisiT kanonier krebas. quTaisis kreba ki saeklesio kanonebis

mixedviT odnavadac ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos kanonier krebaT. vinaidan

kanonierad iTvleba mxolod is kreba, romelic mowveulia eklesiis

pirveli mRvdelmTavrisagan, kaTolikos-patriarqisgan. quTaisis kreba aramc

ar yofila mowveuli Cems mier, aramed pirdapir gamocxadebuli iyo Cemgan

da sakaTolikoso sabWos mier ukanonod. visac surs eklesiis keTildReoba

moamzadebs masalebs momavali saeklesio krebisaTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom

quTaisis kreba Cems mier ukanonod gamocxadda, mas mainc dauwyia muSaoba.

pirvel yovlisa gadayenebulad gamoucxadebia sakaTolikoso sabWos

dRevandeli Semadgenloba im mosazrebiT, rom mas 1924 wlis ivlisSi

gauvida vada. 1924 wlis Semdeg marTlac arcerT wevrs ar surda

movaleobis gagrZeleba, magram Tavmjdomarem mitropolitma qristeforem

romelic 1924-1925 wlebSi asrulebda Cems movaleobas moiTxova maTgan

ganegrZoT muSaoba Seqmnili rTuli viTarebis gamo viReb ra mxedvelobaSi

yovelive zemoTqmuls da agreTve imas, rom quTaisis krebis ganCinebis

saeklesio cxovrebaSi gatarebis cdas ueWvelad mohyveba SfoTi da

areuloba marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi gadavwyvite piradi pasuxismgeblobiT

Sevuwyvito saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTolikoso sabWos

uflebamosileba da mis magier moviwvio or banakad gayofili

sakaTolikoso sabWos mudmiv wevr episkoposTa krebuli da masTan erTad

ganvago saqarTvelos eklesiis saqmeni momaval saeklesio krebamde.

episkoposTa Soris mowveul iqnebian: mitropoliti qristefore,

mitropoliti ioane, episkoposi simeoni, episkoposi stefane (oTxive

quTaisis krebis monawileni), episkoposi melqisedeki, episkoposi aleqsi.

mogaxsenebT ra zemoaRniSnuls, pativiscemiT gTxovT, ineboT

gankarguleba CamorTmeuli kancelariis dabrunebisaTvis da momceT

saSualeba Seuferxeblad ganvagrZo muSaoba Cems TanamSromlebTan erTad.~

kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi. 1927 weli 12 ianvari.~ bolSevikurma

xelisuflebam, romelic uwmidessa da unetaress ambrosis gamousworebel

kontrevolucioners da sabWoTa xelisuflebis mters uwodebda mis

uwmidesobis mowodeba uyuradRebod datova da faqtiurad eklesiis marTva-

gamgeobis saTaveebi CamoarTva. mitropoliti qristefore mainc ganicdida

uwmidessa da unetaress ambrosisTan gamwvavebul urTierTobas amas

adasturebda misi werili patriarqisadmi misi werilis Sinaarsi:

`Tqveno uwmidesobav! marTalia, imedi ara maqvs, rom Tqvens winaSe Tavi

vimarTlo, magram me mainc vTvli Cems Tavs nakleb damnaSaved yvela maTze,

vinc astexa is aur-zauri, romelmac gamoiwvia quTaisis kreba da yvela misi

Sedegebi: da Tu Cemzea mopyrobili yuradReba Tqveni da bevris sxvisa,

rogorc mTavar damnaSaveze, es ar aris samarTlianobis nayofi, da mTelma

qveyanam, TqvenTan erTad, rom miwodos moRalate da gamcemi, amiT

WeSmariteba verafers moigebs, madloba RmerTs, saqarTvelos sxva

mamuliSvilebic eyofa, romlebic aseTs atestacias ar mikeTeben me.

me vfiqrob, rom daviTi, romelic sakaTalikoso sabWom giJad gamoacxada

Tavis oficialur dadgenilebiT, uwoda ra mas Sepyrobili devnulobis da

gandidebis maniiT da suliT avadmyofi, romelsac dakarguli aqvs

pasuxismgeblobis niWi Tavis moqmedebaSi da survilebSi (ix. sakaTalikoso

sabWos ganCineba 1926 wlis 8 dekemberi), _ vfiqrob, rom es daviTi zogierT

mis bralmdebelze mainc, ufro saRia gonebrivadac da zneobrivadac. dRes

sulelad da moRalated cnobili daviTi egzarqos innokentisagan

gaZevebul iqmna saqarTvelodan, ara fiqtiur, misTvis wayenebul

braldebisaTvis, rogorc es uyves sxvebs, aramed mouridebeli

protestisaTvis, romelic daviTma ganucxada innokentis reJims

saqarTveloSi. maSin dekanozma k. cincaZem imdeni gambedaobac ki ver

gamoiCina, rom ukanasknelad ewirvinebia ep. daviTisaTvis qvaSveTSi, uari

uTxra mas. es uari aswil aunazRaura daviTs maSindelma qarTvelma

sazogadoebam adresis mirTmeviT, romelzedac xels awerdnen, bevr sxva

pativsacem pirebTan erTad akaki wereTeli, niko nikolaZe, kita abaSiZe,

ivane javaxiSvili, ivane gomarTeli da sxvani. TviT sakaTalikoso sabWos

uwodebia daviTisaTvis 1926 wlis ianvris dadgenilebaSi umwikvlo adamiani,

romlis winaaRmdeg aravis ar SeuZlia wamoayenos raime gamamtyunebeli

braldebani... da Tu es daviTi quTaisidan gagdebul iqna axalcixeSi, es

aixsneba, rogorc axsna kidec Zalian xmamaRla da yvelas gasagonad TviT

daviTma, SurisZiebiT. Subi xalaTSi ar daimaleba...

episkoposma daviTma CemTan erTad gTxovaT 1923 welSi migeRoT zomebi da

mogegvarebiaT konfliqti sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan, rom saqarTvelos

eklesias acdenoda xifaTi am konfliqtisa gamo mosalodneli. Tqven maSin

Cveni rCeva ar miiReT da amiT mravali evno saqarTvelos eklesias. es

garemoeba Tqven ver apatieT episkopos daviTs...

jer kidev 1925 wlis Semodgomaze iyo dasmuli sakaTalikoso sabWoSi

sakiTxi daviT episkoposis quTaisidan gaZevebaze. sanam sabWoSi es saqme

daismeboda, quTaisSi gagigzavniaT episkoposi pavle, romelsac iq

gauvrcelebia xma, rom episkoposi daviTi aris gamwesebuli quTaisSi

droebiT, asea dadgenili sakaT. sabWos mier da amas mowmobs is garemoeba,

rom episkopos daviTs ara aqvs micemuli mitropolitoba, Tumca

saqarTvelos eklesiis debulebis ZaliT quTaTelobasTan erTad

SeerTebulia mitropolitis xarisxicao. aseTi mtkiceba, Cemda gasaocrad

movismine TviT me sakaT. sabWos sxdomaze imave 1925 wlis Semodgomaze dek.

kalistrate cincaZisagan, romelic emyareboda sakaT. sabWos dadgenilebas,

romelzedac me xeli miweria, rogorc Tavjdomares. dadgenilebis teqsti

aseTia: `imereTis episkoposad gamwesebulia episkoposi daviTi alaverdeli

episkoposisave saxelwodebiT.~ nuTu am dadgenilebidan ar sCanss, cxadad,

rom daviTi imereTis episkoposad droebiT ar iyo gamwesebuli?

episkoposi daviTi gamwesebuli iqmna quTaisis kaTedraze sakaT. sabWos

mier Cemis TavjdomareobiT erTxmad, garda episkopos svimeonis xmisa.

svimeon episkoposma im krebazeve ganacxada, rom is foTSi veRar wavidoda,

rom foTSi mis sicocxles safrTxe moeloda, rom mas didi Rvawli

miuZRvis saqarTvelos eklesiis winaSe, rom mas ufro ekuTvnis quTaTeloba,

rom igi axlo iqneba Tavis mamulze da sxva da sxva... Cven am trabaxs da

abdaubdas maSin yuradReba ar mivaqcieT da rodesac episkoposma svimonma

daJinebiT moiTxova quTaTeloba da uari ganacxada foTSi wasvlaze, maSin

mas mieca winadadeba Semoetana gancxadeba samsaxuridan daTxovnaze...

mxolod maSin wavida igi foTSi da, madloba RmerTs, mas iq araferi xifaTi

ar SemTxvevia, rogorc gvaSinebda. erT-erT sabuTad, Tavis upiratesobis

cxad-sayofelad, episkoposi svimeoni miuTiTebda daviTis eretikosobaze,

romelic, viTomda, gamoixata daviTis TavjdomareobiT 1923 welSi quTaisSi

Sedgenil proeqtSi saqarTvelos eklesiis reformaTa Sesaxeb, magram is

proeqti gamowveuli iyo im mowodebiT, romelic 1922 welSi gamosca

sakaTalikoso sabWom, da romelzedac Tqvens uwmidesobasac uweria xeli. im

mowodebaSi naTqvamia, `dadga dro, rodesac Sinagan, TiTqmis, mowyobili

eklesia dauyovnebliv unda Seudves mis mier winaswar dasaxuli miznebis

ganxorcielebas: ganiwmidos monarqiul naSTebidan, Seufarddes Cveni

xalxis suliskveTebas, gamartivdes Tanamedrove moTxovnilebaTa mixedviT,

magram ise ki, rom xeluxlebeli darCes qriste macxovris diadis

moZRvrebis arsebiTi mxare...~ da sxva. rogorc xedavT, Tqven giweriaT xeli

iseTs mowodebaze, romelzedac advilad mogiwerT xels ara Tu

Jivocerkovniki, aramed baptistic ki... xolo daviTis proeqti, romelic

mgonia, dResac ar gaqvT wakiTxuli. am Tqvens farTed dasaxul reformebis

programas aramc Tu ar scildeba, aramed sargeblobs miT sul mcired

yovel SemTxvevaSi, proeqtis Sedgena danaSaulad ar SeiZleba CageTvalaT

daviTisaTvis, radganac im proeqtiT arc TviT usargeblnia episkopos

daviTs, arc aravisTvis uTqvams isargeble miTao, is proeqti unda ganexila

sakaT. sabWos sxva proeqtebTan erTad, magram miuxedavad amisa, rogorc

zeviT movixsene 1925 welSi sakaTalikoso sabWos krebaze episkopos svimons

TandaswrebiT mainc iqmna isev dasmuli sakiTxi daviTis eretikosobaze. aqac

isev cxadad gamosWvioda erTis mxriv Seurigebloba sakaT. sabWos xelmZRva-

nelobisa daviTTan da meores mxriv isev svimonisagan wapotineba quTaisis

kaTedrisaken. am krebaze Cemma daswrebam ixsna episkoposi daviTi quTaisidan

gaZevebisagan. jer erTi, krebis erTi monawile, bralmdeblobis gunebaze

damdgar mRvdelmTavars movaxsene: `mkurnalo, jer Tavi Seni ganikurne,

meTqi,~ xolo episkopos svimonis sayuradRebod ganvacxade: Tu quTaisis

kaTedra daicleba, me var mTxovneli, gamamwesoT iqa meTqi. maSin gadarCa

daviTi quTaisidan gaZevebas. es garemoeba ar epativa, rogorc etyoba, arc

daviTs da arc me.

me, rogorc Tqvenis uwmidesobis erT-erTma Tanamsaxurma, werilobiT

mogaxseneT, rom episkoposebTan mogegvarebiaT kavSiris gamtkiceba da

amasTanave moridebodiT episkoposTa gamravlebas. episkoposTa gamravlebas

Tavisi uaryofiTi mxareebi aqvs, raica, Cemis azriT, damtkicda kidec. Cemi

rCeva Tqven kadnierebad CamiTvaleT da sakaT. sabWom werilobiT macnoba,

rom am kadnierebisaTvis me viqnebi micemuli pasuxisgebis winaSe momaval

saeklesio krebisa, romlis msjavsac, Tu ki moveswrebi mis mowvevas, me

morCilebiT miviReb, rac unda sastiki iqnes CemTvis.

1926 wlis oqtomberSi me piradadac da werilobiTac vTxove mitr.

kalistrates, moridebodiT episkoposTa gamravlebas da samsaxurSi myof

episkoposTa gadayvana _ gadmoyvanas episkoposTa krebis gareSe. me im azris

viyavi da var, rom episkoposTa krebaze ufro umtkivneulod moxdeboda maTi

gadanacvleba erTis adgilidan meoreze, magram arc am rCevam imoqmeda.

erTbamad Wadrakulis wesiT, daZrul iqmnen adgilebidan episkoposebi:

urbneli-baTomSi, baTomeli _ foTSi, foTeli _ quTaisSi, quTaTeli _

axalcixeSi. vin gaswia ginderburgis roli am strategiul gadajgufebaSi,

me ar vici; magram, rogorc Semdeg gamoirkva, aq niSanSi amoRebuli iyo

episkoposi daviTi, axalcixis frontze gagzavniT, da dakmayofilebul iqmna

quTaTelobis maZiebeli `didad naRvawi saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis, TviT

gabrielisagan CvenebiT quTaTelad dasaxuli,~ episkoposi svimoni (azri

ekuTvnis ep. svimons). rodesac me miviRe sakaT. sabWodan cnoba am

gadajgufebis Sesaxeb, vifiqre: albad, daviTma veRar gauZlo

`kliauznikobas~ da TavisiT moSorda quTaissa meTqi. magram, Cvenda

saubedurod, igi misda uneburad aRmoCnda gadayvanili. rac Seexeba im

zRapars, rom mTels quTaisis eparqias ar hsurs episkoposi daviTio, amisi

uniadagoba gamoCnda quTaisis saeparqio krebaze 1926 wlis 21 dekembers.

TiTo-orola `kliauzniki~, rom ar gamoeleva quTaiss, es netarxsenebuli

episkopos gabrielis cxovrebidanac viciT, episkopos daviTis quTaTur

opozicionerebs amxnevebdnen sakaT. sabWodan daviTiT Savis feradebiT da

suraTxatebiT: Jivocerkovniki, moRalateo da sxva. episkopos daviTs

ganucxadebia sakaT. sabWosaTvis, axalcixeSi ver waval, radganac

danaSauls araferSi vgrZnob da Tan iq SimSiliT sikvdili momeliso, amaze

sakaT. sabWos upasuxnia, iq bevri kurortebia, iqauri hava mogixdeba da Tu

ar waxval gankveTil iqnebi xarisxidanao; episkopos daviTs gamoucxadebia

Tavisi Tavi da eparqia quTaisisa Camowerebulad sakaT. sabWodan da

kaTalikosidan, Tavis mxriv sakaT. sabWos gamocxadebia Tavis 1926 wlis 8

dekembris dadgenilebiT, rom episkoposi daviTi: `amJamad Sepyrobilia im

avadmyofobiT, romelsac devnulobisa da gandidebis mania hqvia da romlis

Sedegad unda CaiTvalos yovladusamRvdeloesis awindeli sulieri

mRelvareba, azrTa arev-dareva, survilTa gamourkvevloba da saqarTvelos

eklesiaSi gandgomileba-ganxeTqilebis Semotanis cda, amis gamo sakaT.

sabWom ganaCina; yovlad samRvdelo daviTis ukanaskneli gankargulebani

cnobil iqmnes avadmyof-adamianis nawarmoebad; TviT yovlad samRvdelo

daviTi daTxovnil iqmnes SvebulebaSi, sanam mis meufebas daubrundebodes

sulieri simSvide; Svebulebis dros saWiro piradi xarjebis dasafaravad

daeniSnos yovlad samRvdelo daviTs: awyver-urbnisis eparqiis

Semosavlidan yovelTviurad sam-sami Tumani, romlis Tav-Tavis droze

miRebis Sesaxeb _ misi meufeba iqoniebs mimoweras awyver-urbnisis droebiTs

mmarTvel yovlad samRvdelo ninowmindelTan.~

yvela mixvdeba, visac ekuTvnis am `isteriul~ dokumentis redaqcia,

(gulisxmobs mitropolit kalistrates s.v.) magram oficialuri

dawesebuleba `sakaT. sabWo, sanam aseTs, marTla, rom kacis gamagiJebel

ganaCens gamoitanda, unda erT-or fsiqiatrs mainc dahkiTxeboda, rom

dadgenilebas miscemoda dinj adamianTa nawarmoebis xasiaTi...

rogorc etyoba sakaT. sabWos miuRia mzrunveloba da `SeSlil~ episkopos

daviTis apekunad miuCenia aseTs saqmeSi daxelovnebuli mitr. kalistrate,

romlis gankargulebaSiac gadaudvia ep. daviTze xarjebis gasawevad TveSi

sami Tumani. aseTis uebaris mzrunvelis xelSi Tu ra mouvidoda daviTs,

amis gamocnoba ar aris Zneli. magram marTla giJia daviTi? ar moekiTxeba

ganaCenis gamomtanT pasuxi, Tanaxmad maTes saxarebis me-5 Tavis, 22-e

muxlisa?

yovelive zemoxsenebuli ambavi daviTis gandgomilebis Sesaxeb ise moxda,

rom me es gavige soxumSi dagvianebulad, rodesac ukve daviTs gamoecxada

Tavisi eparqia CamoSorebulad. daviTis CamoSorebas mohyva episkopos

svimonis depeSa sakaT. sabWosadmi, rom igic CamoSorda sakaT. sabWos da

SeuerTda daviTs. rogorc gamoirkva, svimeonis saqcieli advilad asaxsneli

gamodga. episkoposi svimeoni daerwmunebiaT, rom episkoposi daviTi

tfilisSi gadadis saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTis gamgeobis

xelmZRvanelad, quTaisis kaTedra Tavisufalia da SegiZlia es kaTedra

miiRovo; da svimeonmac iSorsmWvretela, sakaT. sabWos moswera depeSa,

mSvidobiT, TqvenTan me kavSirsa vswyvet, radganac me, aq, quTaisSive,

vaxerxeb uTqvenod gamagrebas... mere isev bodiSi. sabWos winaSe... eTqmis ki

iseTs kacs episkoposi, romelic aseTs malayebs gadadis Tavis umgvano

survilis ganxorcielebisaTvis? Tqveni uwmindesoba gamwyralia quTaisis

krebis monawileobaze. Tqven brZanebT, is kreba ukanono iyovo. magram arc

am krebis gamomwvevi sakaT. sabWos moqmedeba iyo kanonieri. sakaT. sabWom

aRarc episkoposTa krebebi miiwvia, arc saeklesio kreba da amisTvis moxda

es aurzauri. 1926 wlis 23 maiss daniSnuli kreba ar unda gadadebuliyo.

imis gadadebis gamarTleba arafriT ar SeiZleba.

Cven gvbraldeba anarqiis Setana eklesiaSi. magram namdvili anarqiis

Semtanni eklesiaSi sargebloben srulis TavisuflebiT. 1924 wlis ivlisSi

Tqvenis saxeliT moaxdines uwesoeba, sionSi: Ciqvaniam, saxokiam da sanaiam;

Sesamosi ar damanebes da ar mawirvines. maTisve iniciativiT gamocxadda 1925

wlis 4 da 6 ianvris gaz. `komunistis~ ##-Si, rom me gadayenebuli viyavi

Tqvenis moadgileobidanac da eparqiis ufrosobidanac. amas acxadebda b.

saxokia Tavisisa da dekanozTa mirianaSvilis, ToTibaZis, lazariSvilis,

garsiaSvilis, fxalaZis, maWaraSvilis, b.i. ratiSvilis da sxvaTa saxeliT.

amaT Cemmagieroba gadauloces episkopos pavles, xolo me wirva amikrZales.

mere mosTxova vinmem pasuxi am pirT? _ aravin da araviTari. da dResac

Ciqvanias, saxokias da sxvebs meti ekiTxvis saeklesio saqmeSi, vidre me...

kidev bevri SeiZleboda meTqva, Tu vis aqvs meti xma Cvens saeklesio

saqmeebSi, magram vikmaroT naTqvamic. me mibrZaneT da wavedi afxazeTSi. Tu

axla Caverie saqmeSi, es aixsneba Cemi mdgomareobiT da movaleobiT, sxvas

tyuilad nurafers miawerT. SurisZieba da miTqma-moTqmaze damyareba

sazogado saqmes xeirs ar daayris.

bolos ar SemiZlia ar davumato, rom daviTis CamoSoreba sakaT.

sabWodan, ar aris arafriT gasamarTlebeli, magram samwuxarod, misi

Secdoma gamomdinareobda sxvaTa Secdomebidan da amisTvis SesaZlebelia

moeqceT mas lmobierad.

imedia, mec SemicvliT risxvas mowyalebaze da damwvarze mduRares ar

daasxamT.

mitr. cxumisa da afxazeTisa:

qristefore

1927 wlis 28 ianvars.~42

friad samwuxaro faqti iyo, rom uwmidessa da unetares ambrosisa da

quTaisis saeklesio krebis monawileTa Soris sruli gaucxoeba moxda.

bolSevikurma saokupacio xelisuflebam Tavisi veraguli gegma

ganaxorciela, gamoiwvia dapirispireba da SfoTi saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi, zogierT sasuliero pirs Seuqmna

imis iluzia, rom sabWoTa xelisufleba mxolod `reaqciul antisabWoel

samRvdeloebas~ ebrZoda, xolo sabWoTa politikuri sistemisadmi

loialurad ganwyobilT arafers ar dauSavebda, magram faqtebi sul sxva

rames metyvelebdnen. 1927 wels sabWoTa kavSiris politikurma

xelmZRvanelma ioseb stalinma pirdapir ganacxada: `partias ar SeuZlia

iyos neitraluri religiur crurwmenaTa gamtareblebis mimarT, reaqciuli

samRvdeloebis mimarT, romelnic wamlavs mSromeli masebis Segnebas,

davTrgunoT Tu ara reaqciuli samRvdeloeba? diax, davTrguneT, oRond

ubedureba is aris, rom igi jer kidev savsebiT ar aris mospobili.

antireligiuri propaganda aris is saSualeba, romelmac bolomde unda

miiyvanos reaqciuli samRvdeloebis likvidaciis saqme.~43 partiis lideri

reaqciul samRvdeloebaSi gulisxmobda samSoblosa da sarwmunoebisaTvis

Tavdadebul sasuliero pirebs. saqarTvelos qalaqebsa da soflebSi

umZimesi viTareba iyo, grZeldeboda sasuliero pirebis dapatimreba,

eklesia-monastrebis ngreva. viTarebas ar cvlida sabWoTa

xelisuflebisadmi loialurad ganwyobili mRvdelmTavrebis mowodebani.

rogorc dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe gulistkiviliT werda: `saqarTvelos

eklesia Sevida arnaxuli krizisis fazaSi, moqmedi eklesiebis kvdoma iwyeba

ara centridan, aramed periferiebidan.~44 bolSevikurma saokupacio

xelisuflebam SvebiT amoisunTqa, rodesac Seityo uwmidesi da unetaresi

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosis gardacvaleba (1927

wlis 29 marti). amis Semdeg xelisuflebisadmi loialurad ganwyobili

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi gamgeoba oficialurad

Seudga saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTvas.

5. patriarqis mZime uReli 1927 wlis 21-27 ivniss TbilisSi mimdinareobda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis IV saeklesio kreba, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi gamgeobis Tavmjdomare,

cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti qristefore. krebis dRis wesrigis sakiTxebi

iyo: 1. `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis axali

debulebis damtkiceba; 2. deklaracia sabWoTa xelisuflebis mTavrobisadmi

masTan saerTo enis gamonaxvisa, raTa Tavidan iqnas acilebuli yovelgvari

gaugebrobani; 3. saSualebani da RonisZiebani 1923 wlis 18 ianvris mTavrobis

dadgenilebisa, eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gamoyofis cxovrebaSi

gasatareblad; 4. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevnebi.~45

IV saeklesio krebam miiRo sagangebo deklaracia, romelSic naTqvami iyo:

`saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikis konstituciiT, eklesia gamoyofilia

saxelmwifosagan da mas aqvs moqmedebisa da sarwmunoebis propagandis

sruli Tavisufleba. am debulebiT ganisazRvreba damokidebuleba eklesiasa

da saxelmwifos Soris. eklesia ar ereva politikaSi. amas avalebs mas TviT

ieso qristes moZRvreba: `mieciT keisrisa keisarsa da RvTisa RmerTsa~ (maT.

22, 21). mociquli pavle ityvis: `yovelive davmorCildeT uzenaesTa

xelisuflebaTa; ar aris xelisufleba RvTis gareSe, arsebuli

xelisuflebani RvTisagan arian ganwesebulni. amisTvis xelisufalTa

mowinaaRmdegeni arian winaaRmdegni RvTis ganCinebisa, xolo mowinaaRmdegeni

TviT miiReben sasjelsa~ (rom. 13, 1-2).\IV saeklesio kreba xazs usvams ra

amas da umTavresad ki eklesiis Caurevlobas politikaSi, kategoriulad

acxadebs, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis warmomadgenelT ar SeuZliaT iqonion

araviTari kavSiri saxelmwifos sawinaaRmdego partiebTan da jgufebTan da

hgmobs maT moqmedebas, romelnic mimarTuli iqneba sabWoTa saqarTvelos da

misi mokavSire erebis mSvidobiani cxovrebis winaaRmdeg. saqarTvelos

eklesiis IV kreba aRiarebs, rom arc saqarTvelos eklesiis mesame krebas

da arc mRvdelTmTavarT ar dauvalebia aravisaTvis gagzavna sabWoTa

mTavrobis saprotesto memorandumisa genuis konferenciisadmi, da rom es

nabiji, gadadgmuli 1922 wels, gamodga sabediswero saqarTvelos

eklesiisaTvis, gaarTula misi damokidebuleba xelisuflebasTan, romelic

gelaTis saeklesio krebis dros da Semdegac iCenda saqarTvelos

eklesiisadmi loialobas.

IV saeklesio kreba adasturebs, rom saqarTveloSi sabWoTa

xelisuflebis dapyrobis Semdeg, kulturul-ekonomikuri aRorZineba

nacionalur niadagze viTardeba warmatebiT, vidre mis winamorbed reJimebis

xanaSi. IV saeklesio krebas ar SeuZlia ar miaqcios yuradReba gazeTebSi

moTavsebul cnobebs imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTvel politikur emigrantebs _ n.

Jordaniasa da n. ramiSvilis meTaurobiT _ hyoliaT warmomadgenlebi romis

papTan da kenteberiis mTavarepiskoposTan. kreba kategoriulad acxadebs,

rom saqarTvelos eklesiis pasuxismgebel pirT araviTari davaleba an

rwmuneba ar miuciaT qarTveli emigrantebisaTvis awarmoon molaparakeba

romis papTan da anglikanur eklesiasTan da rom aseT cdebs qoneboda

adgili saqarTvelos eklesiis romelime warmomadgenelis mxriv, maSin kreba

iZulebuli iqneboda ganekveTa igi saqarTvelos eklesiidan. saqarTvelos

eklesia iyo da aris aRmosavleT eklesiis marTlmadideblobis aRiarebis

niadagze da icavs Tavis damokidebulebas yvela sxva eklesiisgan da arc

fiqrobs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis romelime dogmatis Secvlas. amasTanave

erTad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia, romelic qadagebs

mSvidobas, veraviTar SemTxvevaSi ver Seurigdeba im faqts, TiTqos romis da

anglikanur eklesiebis meTaurni iWeren kavSirs antisabWoTa partiebis da

jgufebis warmomadgenlebTan, romelnic cdiloben xelmeored daarRvion

qarTvelTa mSvidobiani cxovreba. es deklaracia ecnobos saqarTvelos

sabWoTa respublikebis mTavrobas da gadaeces presis warmomadgenlebs.~46

deklaraciis Sinaarsidan kargad Canda IV saeklesio krebaze bolSevikuri

xelisuflebis zewolis kvali. rodesac krebis monawileni saubrobden

xelisuflebis eklesiis mimarT loialobaze sinamdviles ar Seefereboda,

qveyanaSi mZvinvarebda agresiuli aTeizmi, sasuliero pirTa devna-

Seviwroeba da amitom amoiRo xma maT dasacavad uwmidesma da unetaresma

ambrosim. rac Seexeboda romis papsa da anglikanur eklesias maT qarTveli

emigrantebis meSveobiT hqondaT detaluri informacia saqarTvelos

eklesiis mimarT xelisuflebis Zaladobisa da isini cdilobdnen evropis

saxelmwifoTa mTavrobebis yuradRebis mipyrobas saqarTveloSi sindisis

Tavisuflebis Selaxvisa da sasuliero pirTa devna-Seviwroebis gamo. IV

saeklesio krebis mier miRebuli deklaraciis gamoqveynebam safrangeTis

qarTuli emigracia imdenad gaanawyena, rom maT uari ganacxades

saqarTvelos eklesiis sulier Svilobaze da konstantinopolis

sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi gadavidnen...

saeklesio krebam moismina mitropolit qristefores moxseneba

`saqarTvelos eklesiis mdgomareoba 1921-1927 wlebSi~ da aRniSna,

saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurTa Soris adgili hqonda uTanxmoebas da rom,

`amieridan saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurTa Soris unda moispos yovelive

SuRli da uTanxmoeba, yvelam, morwmune eris kacebTan erTad,

SeTanxmebulad xeli unda Seuwyos saqarTvelos eklesiis Wrilobebis

gamrTelebas, eklesiis ganmtkicebas da warmatebas, eklesiis momavali

uzenaesi organo, romelsac airCeven mtkiced daicavs krebis mier miRebul

debulebas, aucileblad moiwvevs Tavis droze saeklesio krebas,

mRvdelmTavarTa sxdomebs da ganuxrelad gaatarebs cxovrebaSi saeklesio

disciplinas da Seudgeba energiulad gegmian da SeTanxmebul muSaobas

eklesiisa da eris sakeTildReod.~47

saeklesio krebam mZafri kritikis qarcecxlSi gaatara saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTolikoso sabWos saqmianoba, miiRo

gadawyvetileba misi gauqmebisa da mis nacvlad sakaTolikoso sinodis

daarsebis Sesaxeb. krebaze cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis qristefores

winadadebiT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis tituls

gamoaklda uwmidesi da amieridan iqneboda mxolod unetaresi. krebaze

gaimarTa kamaTi `marTva-gamgeobis axali debulebis gamo.~ debulebis

Tanaxmad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi iyo 15 moqmedi eparqia: 1.

mcxeTa-Tbilisis, 2. wilknis, 3. manglisis, 4. agarak-walkis (axtala-

beSTaSenis), 4. alaverdis, 5. bodbis (zaqaTala, ganja, kaxi, qurmuxiTurT). 6.

urbnisis (istoriuli maRran-dvaleTiT). 7. awyurisa (istoriuli tao-

klarjeTiT), 8. margveTis, 9. quTais-gaenaTis, 10. nikorwmindis, 11. cagerisa,

12. Wyondidis, 13. baTum-Semoqmedis, (tao-klarjeT-WaneTis nawiliT). 14.

ninowmindis, 15. cxum-afxazeTisa. saeklesio marTva-gamgeobis debulebiT

gansazRvruli iyo mRvdelmTavarTa, kaTolikos-patriarqisa da

sakaTolikoso sinodis ufleba-movaleobani. saeklesio krebaze iyo mwvave

TviTkritikuli gamosvlebic, magaliTad episkoposi stefane (karbelaSvili)

aRniSnavda: `ra SevZineT Cven eklesias bolo aTi wlis manZilze?

saubedurod veraferi, vinaidan Cven, rogorc sakuTari vnebiT

gatacebulebma ver avuReT alRo axal cxovrebas, ver gamovimuSaveT

sazogado gegma, gza, saerTo ena saqmisa da xalxis ukeTesad warmatebis da

keTilad moRvaweobisaTvis, raSic didi samarcxvino roli iTamaSa didebis

moyvareobam, ampartavnebam, medidurobam, SurisZiebam... Cvenma winaswar

daufiqrebelma nabijebma Sesaxeb wirva-locvis Semoklebisa, axali stilis

SemoRebisa, alalbedze morwmuneTa migdebam xalxi Cvendami uaryofiTad

ganawyo...~48

saeklesio krebam sakaTolikoso sabWos nacvlad daawesa sakaTolikoso

sinodi. saeklesio krebam sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad

airCia cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti qristefore, qristefore III-is

saxelwodebiT. IV saeklesio krebis mimdinareobas exeboda saqarTvelos ssr

komunisturi partiis (b) centraluri komitetisadmi gagzavnili werili

romlis avtoria vladimer dekanozovi. werilSi saubari iyo saqarTvelos

eklesiis reaqciul saqmianobaze kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis periodSi,

romelsac daupirispirda mitropoliti qristefore da misi momxreebi.

`saeklesio krebaze mZafri dapirispireba moxda gansvenebuli kaTolikos

ambrosisa da qristefores momxreebs Soris. ambrosis momxreebma protestis

niSnad kreba datoves, darCenilebma qristefore airCies sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad. igi simpatiebs gamoxatavs bolSevikebis

mimarT da upirispirdeba emigrantul menSevikur mTavrobis wevrebs. saWiroa

misi mxardaWera.~49

1927 wlis 14 oqtombers, sveticxovlobas moxda sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarq uwmidesi da unetares qristefore III-aRsaydreba,

romelmac mokrZalebulad Caiara. axla ukve igi oficialurad Seudga

saqarTvelos eklesiis marTvas. manamde Tu oponirebas uwevda saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis meTaurs da sayvedurobda, rom saWiro iyo,

xelisuflebasTan urTierTobaSi ufro moqnili diplomatia axla ukve

TviTon dainaxa, rom bolSevikur xelisuflebasTan, loialobisa da

TanamSromlobis kursis gamocxadebam saqarTvelos eklesias araviTari

SeRavaTi ar misca, isev grZeldeboda eklesia-monastrebis rbeva. 1928 wels

alaverdeli episkoposi stefane aseTi Sinaarsis werilebs ugzavnis kaxeTis

mazris aRmaskomis Tavmjdomares da prokurors. `alaverdis saeparqio sabWo

pativiscemiT gacnobebT da gTxovT, rom jerovnis gankargulebiT da

SegonebiT davavaloT alaverdis Temkomebs, rom erTxel da samudamod

ufleba gadametebiT nu awuxeben morwmuneT, rom cxovrebaSi gasatarebeli

kanonebi wesierad gaataron,~ `gTxovT keTili ineboT jerovanis

gankargulebiT yovelgvari dabrkolebis gareSe mqondes ufleba eparqiaSi

mogzaurobisa.~ `gTxovT aRkveToT zemo xodaSenis Temkobis Tavmjdomaris v.

uTiaSvilis TviTneboba, romelic emuqreba sasuliero pirebs,~ `1928 wlis 18

marts borotmoqmedT gautexiaT gremis eklesia, gautaniaT eklesiis

siwmindeni, razec mRvdels miliciaSi ganucxadebia, 20 marts meored

gautexiaT eklesia da darCenili wignebi, saeklesio nivTebi gautaniaT,

mRvdels ki mokvliT damuqrebian, yvarlis diakvnis vasil sefaSvilisTvis

Zala dautanebiaT da diakvnobidan daTxovnis qaRaldi SeudgeniebiaT.~

`alaverdis Temkobis Tavmjdomares adgilobrivi mRvdlisaTvis 40 Tumani

waurTmevia da taZari dauluqavs.~ `iyalTos eklesia gaiZarcva Telavidan

Camosuli eqskursantebis mier.~50

1928 wlisaTvis moqmed eklesiaTa raodenoba 1450-dan Semcirda 350-mde,

RvTismsaxurTa 1600-dan 300-mde. yvela eparqiaSi erTi xelweriT

mimdinareobda adgilobrivi partiuli da komkavSiruli aqtivistebis mier

sasuliero pirTa devna. `1928 w. TerjolaSi Temkobis Tavmjdomarem vasil

obolaZem adgilobriv mRvdelis irakli gurgeniZes gamoucxada Tu

mRvdlobas Tavs ar daanebeb miwas CamogarTmevo.~51

1928 wels saqarTveloSi Seiqmna `mebrZol uRmerToTa kavSiri, xolo 1930

wels antireligiuri universiteti, romelsac unda moemzadebina religiis

winaaRmdeg mebrZoli axalgazrdoba. `saqarTvelos eklesia suls lafavs...

Tu ase gagrZelda kaTolikos-patriarqi qristefore usamwyso da

usamRvdelo kaTolikosi darCeba. provinciebSi mRvdlebi veRar audian

usaSvelo dabegvras da garbian, stoveben samrevloebs... qalaqSi kidev

axerxeben cxovrebas, magram vai aseT cxovrebas, did gasaWirs ganicdian,

devna, damcireba, Seviwroeba es xom Cveulebrivi ambavia~ (dekanozi nikita

TalakvaZe). aseT rTul viTarebaSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqma uwmidesma da unetaresma qristefore III-em 1928 wlis 1 oqtombers

mkacri weriliT mimarTa saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis

centralur aRmasrulebel komitets. werilis avtoris stili TiTqmis ar

gansxvavdeba uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis mimarTvebisagan. unetaresma

qristeforem rogorc eklesiis meTaurma dainaxa ra mZime iyo kaTolikos-

patriarqis taxti da rogor Tavganwirvas moiTxovda igi. misi mzadyofna am

TavganwirvisaTvis Cans am werilidanac `saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso

sinodis delegaciasTan erTad mogarTmevT gancxadebas im administraciul

devnulebaTa Sesaxeb, romelsac ganicdis saqarTvelos eklesia

morwmuneebic da samRvdeloebac. gancxadebiT delegacia sTxovda caks,

moexdina aRmomwuravi gankarguleba, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel

eklesias miscemoda ufleba arsebobisa da moqmedebisa sabWoTa

kanonmdeblobis farglebSi, radganac eklesiis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli

Seviwroebani, ara ideologiuris, aramed administraciuli xasiaTisa,

uspoben mas arsebobis SesaZleblobas. xsenebuli gancxadebis cakisadmi

micemis Semdeg saqarTvelos eklesias mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnad

gauaresda, xdeba mRvdlebis mkvlelobani, eklesiebis dangreva, dawva misi

nivTebisa, akrZalva zaris rekvisa da binebidan mRvdlebis gamosaxleba.

eklesiis dabegvra ara faqtiuris, aramed zomaze erTi aTad gadidebul

fiqtiur Semosavlis mixedviT. zemoxsenebulis damamtkicebeli faqtebia: 1.

1928 wlis 9 dekembris RamiT mokles kaxeTis mazris sof. matanis mRvdeli

asaTiSvili, rodesac Sin brundeboda, mkvlelebi ar Cans. 1928 wlis 24

ianvars mohkles goris mazris mRvdeli abramiSvili, rodesac Sin

brundeboda naTlobis Sesrulebis Semdeg. 1928 wlis 28 seqtembers RamiT

Tavs daesxnen kaxeTis mazris sofel kisisxevis mRvdels bakuraZes

SeiaraRebuli pirni, ZiriTadad axalgazrdebi, romelnic mRvdels saxlSi

Seucvivdnen TofebiT da revolverebiT da mRvdelsa da mis cols

sTxovdnen fuls, rac maspinZlebs ar aRmoaCndaT, waiRes anafora, msubuqi

nivTebi. mRvdelma miagdo mrevlic, saxlic da gaiqca. igi ambobs, rom iq

veRar davbrundebi, radgan aravisgan ar moveli Svelaso. daangries

eklesiebi ZirulaSi, natanebSi, ozurgeTSi, askanaSi, CoCxaTSi. quTaisis

mazris sofel baSSi eklesia klubad gadaakeTes, rodesac morwmuneebma

protesti ganuxades daemuqrnen Sav siaSi SetaniT, gadasaxadebis zedmeti

dabegvriT da miwis normis CamorTmeviT. kaxeTismazris sof. kardenaxSi

bevrjer gatexes eklesia, SigniT miangr-moangries mowyobiloba da

gamoyares gareT saeklesio nivTebi. mravaljerve moiyvanes morwmuneebma

wesrigSi iqauroba, magram amaod. bolos iZulebulni gaxdnen xeli aeRoT

eklesiis zrunvaze. imave mazris sof. eniselSi gatexes eklesia da Sig

saqoneli Serekes, sofeli yarsubanSi daarbies eklesia da mRvdels

SeuTvales Tu mRvdlobas Tavs ar daanebebT mogklavTo. sofel tibaanSi

cecxli waukides eklesiis karebs. zarebis rekvas ukrZalaven gagraSi,

martyofSi, TelavSi. saqarTveloSi episkoposebs adgilobrivi xelisufleba

nebas ar aZlevs TavianT eparqiebSi mogzaurobisas.~52 es moxseneba aris

bolSevikuri xelisuflebis sabraldebo daskvna, magram isini Cveuli

agresiulobiT agrZelebdnen TavianT Savbnel saqmeebs.

bolSevikuri xelisuflebis moTxovnis safuZvelze uwmidesi qristefores

gankargulebiT 1927-1928 wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

sakaTolikozo sinodi, eparqiebi, moqmedi eklesiebi da religiuri

sazogadoebebi saswrafo wesiT gatardnen saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa

saxalxo komisariatis mier dawesebul registraciaSi. 1928 wlis 21 aprils

sakaTolikoso sinodma moismina sakiTxi samsaxurSi myof mRvdelmTavris

kaTedraze arCevis Sesaxeb da miiRo ra mxedvelobaSi, rom aseTi arCeva

unda xdebodes sakaTolikoso sinodisagan winaswari nebarTvis gamoTxovis

Semdeg. 1929 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTvelos ssr finansTa saxalxo

komisariatma aseTi gancxadebiT mimarTa kaTolikos-patriarq qristefore

III-s `Tanaxmad 1927 wlis 14 dekembris saxelmwifo saSemosavlo

gadasaxadebis debulebis 33-e muxlis da 1928 wlis ianvris instruqciisa

Tqvendami daqvemdebarebuli Tavisufali profesiis (kultis msaxurni)

valdebulni arian warmoadginon Semosavlis zusti raodenoba.~53 daiwyo

sasuliero pirTa axali dabegvra. gadasaxdeli Tanxa bevrad aRemateboda

maT Semosavlebs. 1931 wlis 7 Tebervals beTaniis monastris moZRvari ioane

maisuraZe sakaTolikoso sinodis saxelze gagzavnil gancxadebaSi

aRniSnavda: `viTvlebi monastris yaraulad, radgan igi sabWoTa

xelisuflebis mier cnobilia rogorc istoriuli Zegli. viReb 5 maneTs,

mrevli ar myavs, dambegres, magram riT gadavixado?~..

1930 wlis 8-11 oqtombers TbilisSi Catarebulma V saeklesio krebam

sakaTolikoso sinods uwoda sasinodo plenumi, eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebs

daavala saeparqio Semosavlis 20% gaReba saqarTvelos sapatriarqosaTvis.

eparqiebSi kidev ufro gausaZlisi viTarebis arsebobas adasturebs

saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso sinodisadmi bodbis eparqiis, hereTis olqis

mTavarxucesis dekanoz ilia kobaiZis moxseneba: `warmogidgenT ra yofili

Cemi samTavarxucesos 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928 wlebis saqmeebs mogaxsenebT, rom

am olqSi erc erTi mRvdeli aRar aris yvela maT adgilobriv

xelisuflebam sxvadasxva xrikebiT, autaneli sarjebis warTmeva-SeweriT,

yvela sarCo-sabadeblis CamorTmeva-warTmeviT samsaxurze xeli aaRebina.~55

aseT gausaZlis viTarebaSi ra unda gaekeTebina sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqs unetares qristefore III-s? 1930 wlis 15 oqtombers man

kidev erTxel gaugzavna mTavrobis mamxilebeli werili saqarTvelos ssr

centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis Tavmjdomares filipe maxaraZes:

`saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso sinodis davalebiT pativiscemiT warmogidgenT

am gancxadebas, romliTac Cven mivaqcevT saqarTvelos ssr cakis

yuradRebas, rom mTavrobis dekretebi da gankargulebani eklesiis Sesaxeb

ar sruldeba. a) bevrs antireligiuri propaganda gagebuli aqvs rogorc

morwmuneTa, eklesiis da samRvdeloebis SeuzRudveli devna; b) dausjelad

mimdinareobs eklesiebis Zarcva, misi qonebis miTviseba, xelovnuri

xanZrebiT SenobaTa ganadgureba; g) mRvdlebs sruliad aTaxsireben,

revolveris gulze dadebiTac ki aSineben; d) episkoposebs ar aZleven nebas

eparqiebSi mogzaurobisa da wirva-locvis Catarebisa; e) aqamdec didi iyo

saSemosavlo gadasaxadebi, axla kidev ufro gaizarda igi, v) samRvdeloebas

arTmeven miwis normas, z) xdeba morwmuneTa dabegvra eklesiebSi

siarulisaTvis. Cven azriT eklesiis Seviwroeba ise Zlierad arsad ar aris

sabWoTa kavSirSi, rogorc saqarTveloSia. Cven darwmunebulni varT, rom

aseTi moqmedebani xels uSlian qarTvelebs sxva mokavSire erebTan

daaxloebaSi. mixeil kalininma 1924 wels aRniSna, Tu sxva respublikebSi

aqvT sasuliero saswavleblebi saqarTveloSic mivceT misi gaxnis uflebao,

Cven ver miviReT sasuliero Jurnalis gamocemis ufleba, rogorc aqvT

rusebs, ukrainelebs, somxebs.

gTxovT, qarTveli morwmuneni da misi samRvdeloeba gaaTanabreT sabWoTa

kavSiris sxva respublikaTa morwmuneebTan da samRvdeloebasTan. Cven

mogaxsenebT, rom dRes warmoebuli Seviwroebani saqarTvelos eklesiisa

udris mis mospobas, rac ar unda iyos sasurveli aravisaTvis.~56 samwuxarod

xelisuflebisaTvis sasurveli iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli

samociqulo eklesiis sruli mospoba. administraciul devnas Tan sdevda

ideologiuri devnac, sabWoTa sazogadoebaSi eklesia, sasuliero wodeba

mtris xatad iyo warmodgenili. axalgazrdobis erTi nawili

gansakuTrebuli agresiulobiT gamoirCeoda. anaforis tareba, sasuliero

piroba gmirobis tolfasad iqca. rogor unda daecva unetares qristefore

III-s saqarTvelos samRvdeloeba xelisuflebis devna-Seviwroebisagan,

rodesac TviTonac umZimes mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda. 1931 wlis 28 aprils

ukve mZime avadmyofs (aRmoaCnda avTvisebiani simsivne) aseTi weriliT

miumarTavs saqarTvelos ssr Sinsaxkomisia da Tbilisis aRmaskomisaTvis `me

maqvs warmodgenili deklaraciebi Cemi Semosavlisa 1929-30 wlebSi da 1930

wlis gansakuTrebul kvartalSi, magram imdeni gadasaxadi Semaweres, rasac

ver gadavixdi... finagentma aRwera Cemi bina, nivTebi... vTxov Tbilisis

aRmaskoms moaxdinos gankarguleba sruliad momexsnas gadasaxadebi,

rogorc mcire Semosavlians da mZimed dasneulebuls, xolo Tu es ar

SeiZleba CemTvis rogorc RvTismsaxurisa da kaTolikos-patriarqisaTvis

gadamxdes gadasaxadebi Cemis faqtiuri Semosavlebis mixedviT.~57 am werilis

gacnoba mZime ganwyobaze daayenebs nebismier adamians, aqedan kargad Canda,

rom bolSevikur xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobisa da loialobis kurss

araviTari SeRavaTi ar mohyva, da eklesiam xalxis TvalSic avtoriteti

dakarga. marTlac rom umZimesi dReebi daudga saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias...

unetaresi qristefore III Seecada ruseTis eklesiasTan normaluri

urTierTobis aRdgenas, magram mxolod saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis

teritorialuri avtokefaliis aRiarebis pirobis SemTxvevaSi. rusebTan

molaparakebebs sasurveli Sedegi ar mohyva... patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis episkoposebad 1924-1932 wlebSi (1923

wlis 13 ianvridan 1925 wlis 8 martamde, rodesac uwmidesi ambrosi

dapatimrebuli iyo episkoposi qristefore asrulebda mis movaleobas s.v.).

ekurTxa: stefane (karbelaSvili), pavle (jafariZe), nestori (yubaneiSvili),

ieroTeozi (aivazaSvili), efremi (sidamoniZe). kaTolikos-patriarqi

unetaresi qristefore III cdilobda IV saeklesio krebis Semdeg

mRvdelmTavarTa sruli TanxmobiT muSaobas. ver vityviT, rom idealuri iyo

misi urTierToba mitropolit kalistratesTan, magram igi cdilobda

gamoesworebina es urTierToba. am mxriv sainteresoa, misi werilebi

mitropolit kalistratesadmi. `Zmao da meufeo kalistrate! Zalian

uxerxulia, rom Tqven mxolod samrevlo mRvdlis Tanamdebobaze gsurT

darCena qaSueTSi. Tqveni dRevandeli mdgomareoba mravalnairad ar aris

sasurveli, razec aq ar minda sityva gavagrZelo. gTxovT SematyobinoT

Tqveni azri, dasTanxmdebiT Tu ara miiRoT marTva-gamgeobaSi rogorc

eparqia, romlis marTva SegiZliaT Tbilisidan mxolod im pirobiT, rom

did dResaswaulebSi swiroT xolme Tqvens eparqiaSi.~ `didad pativcemulo

meufeo kalistrate me aucilebeli saqmis gamo soxumSi mivdivar da

SeiZleba erT-or kviras damagviandes. gTxovT bzobas, did xuTSabaTs da Tu

manamde ver davbrundi aRdgomis pirvel dResac swiroT sionSi.~58

unetaresi qristefore III cdilobda mitropolit daviTs (kaWaxiZe) da

mitropolit kalistrates (cincaZe) Soris urTierTobebis mogvarebas,

mitropoliti daviTi IV saeklesio krebaze kaTolikos-patriarqis

mosaydred gamoacxada, magram samwuxarod aman saqmes ver uSvela, unetaresi

qristefore III-em mitropolit daviTs aseTi Sinaarsis werili gaugzavna:

`kaco ra dagemarTa, rom aravis indob da kritikis qarcecxlSi atareb

yvelas... geTanxmebi, rom bevri ar aris gamWriaxi gonebisa, magram me da Senc

maTSi vurevivarT. warmovidginoT rom marto Sen xar gamWriaxi, magram erTi

kaci xom ver aaSenebs sofels. gewyineba es Cemi kritika, magram me am Sens

moxsenebas sinodSi ver warvidgen, sxva ara iyos ra, ager axla gTxoveT

Tavi daanebe kalistrateso, magram mainc ar eSvebi, isev imeoreb im Zvel

ambavs. me ar mesmis am istoriuli mogonebiT ra gakeTdeba imis meti, rom

xelaxla unda gamoiwvio kalistrate da Tan sxvebic saSfoTvelad. yvela

iman, vinc aq aris moxsenebuli, rom waikiTxos es Seni msjeloba, ras

ityvian? Sen ambob, rom aCqarebuli ar var, sxva ariso... ra saWiroa

erTmaneTs gavumaspinZldeT cudi epiTetebiT. albaT aseTni varT da egec

vikmaroT satirlad.~59 am werilma kidev ufro gaaRiziana mitropoliti

daviTi, romelmac moiTxova sakaTolikoso sinodis saswrafo mowveva,

mniSvnelovani gancxadebis gasakeTeblad. 1930 wlis 12 Tebervals

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTolikoso sinodma moismina

yovladsamRvdelo quTaTeli-gaenaTeli mitropolitis daviTis moxseneba

kaTolikos-patriarq qristefore III Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis Sesaxeb da

miiRo ra mxedvelobaSi: saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis

1. SeniSvnis mixedviT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

pasuxismgebelia saeklesio perioduli krebis winaSe, 2.

yovladusamRvdeloeso mitropoliti daviTi Tavis gancxadebaSi aRniSnavs,

rom me da qristefore erTad ver vimsaxurebTo, ganaCina: gaTavisuflebul

iqnas mitropoliti daviTi quTais-gaenaTis eparqiis marTva-gamgeobidan.~60

sinodis sxdomas Tavmjdomareobda episkoposi simeoni (WeliZe). kaTolikos-

patriarqma qristefore III _ SeaCera sakaTolikoso sinodis gadawyvetileba

da mitropoliti daviTi gadaiyvana baTum-Semoqmedis eparqiis marTvelad,

magram man mainc ar moisvena da agrZelebda SfoTsa da dapirispirebas.

unetares qristefore III-em 1928 wlis 15 ianvars grigol feraZisagan aseTi

Sinaarsis werili miiRo `Tqveno uwmidesobav! amas winaT Sevityve ambavi

Tqveni sakaTolikoso taxtze abrZanebis Sesaxeb, gisurvebT RvTis Sewevnas

da keTildReobas am mZime dRis satvirTvelad. Tu Cems ambavs ikiTxavT var

am Jamad bonis universitetSi profesoris adgilzed da Tebervlis bolos

vigzavnebi venaSi mxiTaristebTan somxuri literaturis safuZvlianad

Sesaswavlad. davasrule 1926 wels disertacia`qarTuli berobis istoria.~

samwuxarod jer mTlianad gamocemuli araa, mxolod nawilebis gamocema

movaxerxe: 1) daskvna, daibeWda 1926 w. bernSi antaTenitebis organoSi. 2)

berobis dasawyisi saqarTveloSi camet siriel mamaTa problema, daibeWda

1927 wels germaniaSi. 3) eqvTime da giorgi mTawmindelebis moRvaweobis

Sesaxeb gamoveci frangulad 1927 wels. es samive Sroma gamovagzavne

TbilisSi sakaTolikoso sabWos misamarTiT. garda amisa profesor

baumtaresTan erTad gamoveci korneli kekeliZis ierusalimis ganCinebis da

amJamad ibeWdeba germanulad qarTuli literaturis mimoxilva dasawyisidan

X saukunemde.

saqarTveloSi dedaCemis garda aravisTan kavSiri ar maqvs yvelam TiTqos

damiviwya. arc nebas maZleven saxlSi dabrunebisas ar vici mizezi.

daaxloebiT oTx-xuT weliwads kidev davrCemi aq semitur filologiaSi

(ebrauli, siriuli, arameuli da arabul enaTa) codnis gasaRrmaveblad,

romelTac ukve 5 weliwads TeologiasTan erTad vswavlobdi. vecdebi kidev

iqneba momixerxdes nebarTvis miReba da Tu es momixerxda romelime

marTlmadidebel qveyanaSi waval da iq xucesis samsaxurs movZebni.

germaniaSi samudamod darCena, Tumc aq nivTierad sruliad

uzrunvelyofili var da akademiur karierasac advilad gavakeTeb, me

naklebad mainteresebs, vinaidan Cem mizans Seadgenda da Seadgens

sasuliero dargSi moRvaweoba. mravali salami meufeebs: kalistrates,

daviTs, melqisedeks, pavles, stefanes, ioanes, efrems.~60 grigol feraZem

pirvel werils sul male meorec moayola: `Tqvens uwmidesobas moexseneba,

1921 wlis gelaTis III saeklesio krebis dadgenilebiT me viyavi

gamogzavnili germaniaSi RvTismetyvelebis Sesaswavlad artur laistis

daxmarebiTa da gzisCvenebiT. ukve ori weliwadia, rac mivaRwie Cems mizans

e.i. Seviswavle RvTismetyveleba, ara mxolod germaniaSi, aramed belgiaSi,

inglisSi, am ori wlis win viyavi miwveuli Cems Zvirfas maswavlebel prof.

gusenis Tanamoadgiled bonSi qarTul-somxuri filologiis kaTedraze.

mecnierulad maqvs yovelgvari saSualeba warmodgenisa, nivTieradac

srulad uzrunvelyofili var, magram vkadnierdebi misi uwmidesobis winaSe

TxovniT, vinaidan mecnieruli muSaoba srulad ar makmayofilebs

umorCilesad gTxovT damexmaroT saqarTveloSi dabrunebaSi, Cven

mravaltanjuli eklesiis wiaRSi samuSaod.~62 rogorc am werilebidan

irkveva grigol feraZe ar iyo informirebuli saqarTveloSi Seqmnili

viTarebis Sesaxeb, rom misi samSobloSi dabruneba damTavrdeboda

gadasaxlebiT an fizikuri likvidaciiT. unetares qristefores grigol

feraZis werilebi miuRia, rasac adasturebs misi minaweri `miviRe~ magram

gasagebi mizezebis gamo, man ver upasuxa grigol feraZes, magram arc

ufiqria xeli Seewyo misi samSobloSi dabrunebisaTvis da es iyo savsebiT

swori gadawyvetileba.

unetaresi qristefores janmrTeloba dRiTidRe uaresdeboda, fizikurad

Zlieri, STambeWdavi aRnagobis kaci dasustda, gaxda, ukve moZraoba uWirda...

1932 wlis 10 ianvars saRamos 18 saaTsa da 20 wuTze igi gardaicvala.

daikrZala sionis sapatriarqo taZarSi gansvenebul patriarqTa gverdiT.

samgloviaro gancxadeba, romelic presaSi gamoqveynda ori winadadebiT

iuwyeboda `gardaicvala qristefore cicqiSvili~ albaT bevrma ar icoda,

rom is iyo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da

unetaresi qristefore III.

rTuli winaaRmdegobrivi epoqa, romelSic unetares qristefore III-es

mouxda moRvaweoba aisaxa mis pirovnebaSic da saqmianobaSic. igi iyo

mravalmxrivi ganaTlebis, mebrZoli da erovnuli suliskveTebis adamiani,

hqonda warmatebebic da warumateblobac.... erTi dRe mosvenebiT ar

ucxovria, aResrula da Tan waiyola Tavisi samSoblos _ saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis urTulesi mdgomareobiT

gamowveuli didi tkivili da sevda.

kaTolikos-patriarq qristefore III-es darCa mravalricxovani

STamomavloba:

6. maradiuli opozicioneri

(mitropoliti daviT kaWaxiZe)

`erT dros iqneba vinmem daiwyos qeqva sinodis saqmeebSi da gadafurclos

Cemi nawerebic da viqne mis TvalSi gaSavebuli.~ (mitropoliti daviTi. 1928

w. 11 ianvari). rogorc Cans mas seriozulad awuxebda fiqri rogor

Seafasebda istoria mis saqmianobas. da es arc iyo gasakviri XX saukunis I

naxevris saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis srulyofilad

warmoCena SeuZlebelia mitropolit daviTis (kaWaxiZe) pirovnebis

piruTvnelad Sefasebis gareSe.

mitropoliti daviTi, eriskacobaSi eqvTime kaWaxiZe daibada 1872 wlis 15

oqtombers q. quTaisSi. quTaisis sasuliero saswavleblis warCinebiT

damTavrebis Semdeg Cairicxa Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi, rogorc

ipolite varTagava SeniSnavda: `igi bavSvobidanve ganmartoebuli iyo,

seminariaSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas amaxvilebda eklesiur, religiur

sakiTxebze. yvela amxanagi darwmunebuli iyo, rom is anaforas Caicvamda.

seminariaSi maswavleblebi mas avalebdnen qadagebis daweras Tbilisis

eklesiebSi warmosaTqmelad... mas mieca rekomendacia, yazanis sasuliero

akademiaSi. masTan erTad swavlobdnen sergi gorgaZe, besarion xelaia

(kaTolikosi ambrosi). man patristikaSi aRebuli sadiplomo naSromi maRal

doneze Seasrula. 1899 wels daamTavra yazanis sasuliero akademia. 1898

wlis 8 maiss ekurTxa mRvdel-monazonad. 1899 wels dainiSna kavkasiaSi

qristianobis aRmdgeneli sazogadoebis maswavleblad. 1902 wlidan

solokamskis, xolo Semdeg polockis sasuliero saswavleblis

zedamxedvelia, 1905 wels donis seminariis reqtoria. 1907 wlis 4 noembers

daviT kaWaxiZe saqarTvelos egzarqosma nikonma alaverdel episkoposad

akurTxa. 1907 wlidan igi egzarqosis sinodaluri kantoris wevri iyo.

rogorc ipolite varTagava ixsenebda: `1912 wels episkoposi daviTi werils

migzavnis da mTxovs Sexvedras, gavvocdi.

masze gansakuTrebuli gavlena mouxdenia Cems werilebs, romelic Jurnal

`ganaTlebaSi~ ibeWdeboda... egzarqosi inoketi Seecada guria-samegrelosa

da imereTs episkoposobis uflebis minimumamde Semcirebas, magram

yvelasaTvis moulodnelad episkoposi daviTi gamovida maT damcvelad,

ganrisxebulma egzarqosma igi 1912 wels piatigorskSi gadaiyvana, sadac man

gamosca broSura, romelSic akritikebda inoketis proeqts, romelic

saqarTvelos eklesiis damcirebis mizniT gakeTebul oinebs uwodebda.~63 1914

wlidan 1917 wlamde igi vinicis episkoposi iyo. saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg 1917

wels igi dabrunda saqarTveloSi. pirveli saeklesio krebis

gadawyvetilebiT episkoposi daviTi dainiSna urbnisis episkoposad, 1921

wlidan 1923 wlamde iyo Wyondideli, 1923 wels baTum-Semoqmedeli, 1924

wels mcire xniT alaverdeli, xolo quTaTel-gaenaTeli mitropolitis

nazaris tragikuli aRsrulebis Semdeg gaxda quTaTel-gaenaTeli

episkoposi. miuxedavad imisa, rom mitropoliti nazari jer kidev eparqiis

xelmZRvaneli iyo episkoposma daviTma quTaisSi samRvdeloebaSi daiwyo

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiaSi `reformebisa da ganaxlebis~

aucileblobaze saubrebi da mxardamWernic moipova. uwmidesi da unetaresi

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosisa da saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTolikoso sabWos dapatimrebis Semdeg

(dapatimrebulTa Soris iyo quTaTeli mitropoliti nazaric s.v.). 1923 wlis

14 agvistos saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiT mmarTvels

episkoposs qristefores Seatyobina, rom elodeboda mTavrobis nebarTvas

quTaisis samRvdeloebis krebis mowvevaze. dekanoz platon cqitiSvilisadmi

gagzavnil werilSi episkoposi daviTi aRniSnavda: `dro aris ganaxleba

Setanil iqnas Cvens saeklesio cxovrebaSi Tanaxmad Tanamedrove kulturis,

saxelmwifoebrivi wes-wyobilebisa. amitom gevalebaT gamoiTxovoT

mTavrobisagan nebarTva sareformo komisiis Sedgenisa da saWiro krebebis

gamarTvisa, raTa gamomuSavebul iqnas reformis proeqtebi.~64 bolSevikuri

saokupacio xelisuflebisaTvis qristianuli sarwmunoeba da misi damcveli

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia miuRebeli iyo. maTi axali didi

eqsperimentisaTvis _ socializmis, komunizmis asaSeneblad aucilebeli iyo

axali sabWoTa adamianis aRzrda, romelic Tavisi mentalobiT araviTar

kavSirSi ar iqneboda warsulTan, sulierebasTan, erovnul RirebulebebTan.

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiaSi reformebis aucileblobaze saubari da

aseT sasuliero pirebisaTvis mxardaWera miznad isaxavda

mravalsaukunovani marTlmadidebeli eklesiis Signidan rRvevas,

dapirispirebisa da misi avtoritetis gacamtverebas. eklesiis reformebis

aucilebloba ar iyo marto qarTuli movlena, ruseTSic igive procesebi

viTardeboda `obnavlencebi~ `cocxali eklesiis~ warmomadgenlebi ruseTSi

da `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ jgufi saqarTveloSi miznad isaxavda

sarwmunoebisa da socializmis morigebas, es ki SeuZlebeli iyo. axali

ideologias axali adamiani sWirdeboda, romlis cnobiereba ar unda

dabrkolebuliyo samSoblos, moyvasis siyvaruliT. aseT viTarebaSi rogor

moxerxdeboda eklesiisa da axali bolSevikuri ideologiis Tanacxovreba?

saokupacio xelisuflebis mizani iyo mwerlobis, inteleqtualuri

sazogadoebis, eklesiis moTviniereba. eklesiis sferoSi reformebis

mxardaWera iyo urCi, samSoblosa da moyvasze Tavdadebuli eklesiis

mospobis mcdeloba.

1923 wlis 2 seqtembers saeklesio reformebis jgufis mowodebiT Sedga

samRvdeloebis kreba quTaisSi, romelic gaxsna episkoposma daviTma. misi

azriT aucilebelia saqarTvelos eklesiaSi Sevides cvlilebebi

Tanamedrove cxovrebis mixedviT. krebaze gamosulma mTavrobis

adgilobrivma warmomadgenelma isaubra imis Sesaxeb ra cvlilebebis

SemTxvevaSi iTanamSromlebda xelisufleba eklesiasTan. krebaze airCies

saqarTvelos eklesiaSi gasatarebeli reformebis sainiciativo komiteti,

romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sevidnen: episkoposi daviTi, arqimandriti nestori

(yubaneiSvili), dekanozebi: g. cagareiSvili, a. fofxaZe, saero pirni: s. yi-

fiani, tr. jafariZe, T. xuskivaZe, m. kandelaki, v. wereTeli, e. nikolaZe, d.

dgebuaZe. krebis monawileebis azriT `memorandumma, (igulisxmeba uwmidesi

ambrosis mowodeba genuis saerTaSoriso konferenciaze s.v.)

kontrrevoluciurma gamosvlebma eklesia uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Caayena,

xelisuflebam igi Tavis mtrad miiCnia da amitom daarbia eklesiebi,

daqsaqsa samRvdeloeba. mTavroba unda darwmundes, rom eklesias

politikasTan saerTo araferi aqvs, Tu amas davamtkicebT, maSin

xelisufleba Sewyvets eklesiis sawinaaRmdego kampanias. amitom moviTxovT

Cvens eparqiaSi SeCerebul iqnas eklesiisa da samRvdeloebis winaaRmdeg

brZola, aRdgenil iqnas taZrebi, Tu mainc vinme SeiniSna antisamTavrobo

gamosvlebSi isini sastikad dasajon.~65 ori dRis Semdeg Catarebul

sxdomaze ukve bolSevikuri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi, quTaisis

mazris partiuli komitetis Tavmjdomare valia baxtaZe da dasavleT

saqarTvelos prokurori ambrosi uruSaZe aqtiurobdnen maTi winadadebiT

krebam aseTi dadgenileba miiRo: `dRes saqarTveloSi arsebuli sabWoTa

xelisufleba aris erTaderTi kanonieri xelisufleba, romelic qarTveli

xalxis interesebis gamomxatvelia. Cven movuwodebT yvela morwmuneT mxari

dauWiron mas. vacxadebT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq

ambrosis gamosvlas Semcdarad da arakanonikurad, saWirod migvaCnia igi

gadayenebul iqnas Tanamdebobidan. iqneb TviTonac gadadges. molaparakeba

amaze iqonion episkoposma daviTma da dekanozma platon cqitiSvilma.~66

episkoposi daviTi da dekanozi platon cqitiSvili (mitropolit nazaris

saeparqio saxlSi gadamaluli sionis sapatriarqo taZris ganZeulobis

adgilsamyofeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs dekanozma platon

cqitiSvilma Seatyobina da maTi ndobac daimsaxura s.v.) TbilisSi

daubrkoleblad Sevidnen metexis cixeSi da kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis

mosTxoves gadadgoma. uwmidesma ambrosim yuradRebiT mousmina maT da upa-

suxa: `Tu Cveni eklesiisaTvis saWiroa, maSin iZulebiT unda viqne

gadayenebuli, Cemi nebiT me ar gadavdgebio.~67 quTaisSi dabrunebulma

episkoposma daviTma kvlav Sekriba sareformo komitetis wevrebi da

ganixila kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosisadmi mimarTvis teqsti, romelSic

aRniSnuli iyo `saqarTvelos eklesiis mdgomareoba metad mZime suraTs

warmoadgens, patriarqi, mitropoliti, arqimandriti, zogierTi dekanozi

dapatimrebulni arian, eparqiebis marTva-gamgeoba SeCerebulia. taZrebi

gamonaklisis garda daketilia, samRvdeloeba daqsaqsulia, morwmune eri

Sewuxebulia. yovelive es Sedegia eklesiisa da sabWoTa xelisuflebas

Soris momxdari konfliqtebisa, rac gamoiwvia Tqvens mier gadadgmulma

nabijma (memorandumma). quTaisis samRvdeloebisa da morwmuneTa nawilma

mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebiT Seadgina sainiciativo jgufi, romlis mizania

eklesiis sakiTxebis mogvareba progresul niadagze, rom eklesiebmac Tavisi

adgili daiWiros mTavrobisadmi da Tavisi arsebobac administraciul

sferoSi mTavrobis mxriv uzrunvelyofil iqnas. es SeuZlebelia, Tu

memorandumiT gamowveuli konfliqti ar amoiwura amitom gTxovT uaryoT

memorandumi, romlis Sinaarsic mTavrobis dRevandel saxelmwifoebriv

moqmedebas ar Seesabameba da ar SeswiroT mas eklesiis keTildReoba.~68

ganaxlebisa da reformebis jgufis mier Sedgenili proeqtis Sesaxeb ukve

visaubreT, davsZenT, rom misi cxovrebaSi gatareba niSnavda

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mravalsaukunovani kanonikis moSlas, eklesiis

mospobas. marTalia isini acxadebdnen rom: `mizani reformebisa saeklesio

moZRvrebis ganwmenda-gafaqizeba, RvTsimsaxurebis rTuli formis

gamartiveba, eklesiis saqmianobis gamocxadeba-gafarToeba da progresis

gzaze damyareba iyo.~69 magram saqme sul sxvas aCvenebda. eklesiaSi skamebi,

galobis Tanamedrove musikiT Canacvleba, sasuliero samosis gauqmeba,

berobis institutis mospoba veraferi progresi iyo. 1925 wlis martSi

kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi da sakaTolikoso sabWos wevrebi

patimrobidan gaaTavisufles. uwmidesma ambrosim Seqmna komisia, romelsac

unda gamoeZiebina episkopos daviTis saqmianobis kanoniereba. sakaTolikoso

sabWos davalebiT komisias saTaveSi Caudga alaverdeli episkoposi

melqisedeki (fxalaZe). quTaisSi Casulma episkoposma melqisedekma dainaxa

rogor daZabuli viTareba da dapirispireba iyo eparqiaSi. 1925 wlis 16

dekembers sakaTolikoso sabWos saxelze Sedgenil moxsenebaSi episkoposi

melqisedeki aRniSnavda: `1925 wlis 11-15 dekembers virkvevdi

yovladsamRvdelo daviTis saqmes. yovladsamRvdelo daviTis winaaRmdeg

raime braldebis wamoyeneba borotmoqmedebaSi aravis ar ZaluZs: igi

umwikvlo adamiania dResac da warsulSic. miuxedavad amisa quTaisis

samRvdeloebis umravlesoba moiTxovs mis quTaisidan gadayvanas,

ukmayofilebis mizezad asaxeleben mis gauwonasworeblobas, mis momxreebsa

da mowinaaRmdegeTa Soris xSiria dapirispirebani. yovelive zemoTqmulis

gamo, vfiqrob saWiroa da sasargebloc TviT episkopos daviTisaTvisac misi

quTaisidan sxva eparqiaSi gadayvana. axali mRvdelmTavari unda airCios

eparqiam, rom aRar hqondes ukmayofilebis safuZveli. isini sakaTolikoso

sabWodan daniSnuls mxolod mitropolit kalistrates miiReben.~70 rodesac

es informacia episkoposma daviTma miiRo wonasworoba dakarga man

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTolikoso sabWosadmi

gagzavnil werilSi aRniSna: `vkadnierdebi da movaxseneb sakaTolikoso

sabWos, rom Cems cxovrebaSi da Cems samsaxurSi ara iseTi ram, rom

SeiZlebodes Cemi daTxovna an gadayvana daurRvevlad samarTlianovisa da

wesierebisa. cru qristianebs da cru patriotebs rom ar movwonvar da

gzavnian Cems Sesaxeb saCivrebs amas umaRlesma sasuliero mTavrobam

araviTari yuradReba ar unda miaqcios, me xeluxlebel unda viqne

quTaisSi.~71 daiwyo xelmowerebis Segroveba rogorc momxreTa, aseve

mowinaaRmdegeTa mier. mowinaaRmdegeebi mas `cocxali eklesiis~

(obnavlencebis) warmomadgenlad miiCnevdnen, momxreni yvelaze Rirseul

mRvdelmTavrad 1926 wlis 9 noembris sakaTolikoso sabWos ganCinebiT

episkoposi daviTi gadayvanil iqna mawyverelis kaTedraze. am

gadawyvetilebas mohyva episkopos daviTis pasuxi sakaTolikoso sabWosadmi:

`gTxovT erTi TviT SeaCeroT ganCineba Cemi quTaisidan gadayvanis Sesaxeb

saqmis safuZvlian garCevamde. vTxov sakaTolikoso sabWos gamoiCinos

`gamWriaxoba da sibrZne,~ romelzedac igi mimiTiTebs nu iqneba darRveuli

mSvidobianoba... me sxva mRvdelmTavars ver SemovuSveb quTaisSi, sanam me ar

viqnebi dakmayofilebuli. me TiTqmis oci wlis episkoposi Tavs aravis

gavamaxsaravebineb. me sagangebod mivwere kaTolikos-patriarqs axalcixeSi

mRvdelmTavris gamweseba ar SeiZlebaTqo. Cemi gadayvana SeiZleba mxolod

TbilisSi... winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi Cemi sisxli daiRvreba vinmesagan.~72

episkopos daviTs bolSevikuri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebic

wamoeSvelnen aman kidev ufro gaaTamama `axalcixeSi Tu kargia _ werda

igi _ 19 noembers sakaTolikoso sabWos _ iq mitropoliti kalistrate

gauSviT. aqedan me arsad waval jer erTi rogorc udanaSaulo, meorec me

sxva eparqiebis haers ver vitan quTaisidan Cemi adgili rogorc uxucesi

mRvdelmTavrobisa aris Tbileli mitropolitoba.~73 es iyo aSkara

daumorCilebloba da gamowveva, rasac sakaTolikoso sabWom aseTi

dadgenilebiT upasuxa: `ganmeorebiT ecnobos episkopos daviTs

dauyovnebliv Seudges Tavis movaleobis aRsrulebas mawyveris eparqiaSi, nu

aiZulebs sakaTolikoso sabWos mimarTos mociqulTa 36-e kanons.

sakaTolikoso sabWos Tavmjdomare, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-

patriarqi ambrosi sakaTolikoso sabWos wevrebi: mitropoliti kalistrate,

episkoposebi: pavle, melqisedeki, dekanozebi: i. mirianaSvili, g. gamrekeli,

iv. ratiSvili, g. imnaiSvili.~74

quTaTeli episkoposi daviTi, romelsac oficialuri saero

xelisuflebisagan sruli mxardaWera hqonda kidev ufro did

konfrontaciaze wavida. man 1926 wlis 8 dekembers saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis umaRles xelmZRvanelobas sruli

daumorCilebloba gamoucxada sakaTolikoso sabWosadmi gagzavnil

werilSi aRniSna: `kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosi da sakTolikoso sabWo Cems

mimarT usamarTlod da ukanonod moiqeciT... Tqven daRupeT saqarTvelos

eklesia (memorandumi, sabWoTa mTavrobasTan Seurigebloba) Tqven araviTar

arsebiTi xasiaTis zomebs ar RebulobT waqceuli eklesiis aRsadgenad...

amitom me qarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa Soris uxucesma 5 dekembers wirvaze

gamovacxade Cemi Tavi kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosisa da sakaTolikoso

sabWosagan damoukideblad.~75 am werilebis gacnoba mZime xasiaTze daayenebs

nebismier mkvlevars. bolSevikurma xelisuflebam mizans miaRwia erTmaneTs

daupirispira sasuliero pirebi da es im dros, rodesac mRvdlebs

aiZulebdnen iZulebiT ganmosvas, angrevdnen eklesia-monastrebs. episkoposma

daviTma samwuxarod, cudi roli Seasrula, mas daaviwyda saqarTvelos

eklesiis interesebi, mrevli, qristianuli Semwynarebloba da

keTilSobileba 1926 wlis 17 dekembers mitropolit kalistrates aseTi

damcinavi werili gaugzavna: `coliano mitropolito kalistrate Sens Tavs

daabrale rac moxda... Sen Tu mag did adgilze xar, Tu patenisi

(kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi s.v.) kaTolikosi, nuTu me quTaTeli ar unda

viyo, were protokolebi: me ki verafers damakleb.~76 episkoposma daviTma

Tavis Tavsac daaklo da saqarTvelos eklesiasac. 1926 wlis 25-28 dekembers

quTaisSi mimdinare saeklesio krebis erT-erTi organizatori episkoposi

daviTi iyo. misi viwro pirovnuli SeuTavsebloba sakaTalikoso sabWosTan,

kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosisTan kargad gamoiyena sabWoTa saokupacio

xelisuflebam da Seqmna orxelisuflebianoba eklesiaSi, erT mxareze

xelisuflebisadmi loialurad ganwyobili ganaxlebasa da reformebis

jgufi (mitropoliti qristefore, episkoposi daviTi) meore-sabWoTa

saokupacio xelisuflebisadmi Seurigebelni uwmidesisa da unetaresis

ambrosis meTaurobiT. xelisuflebam am dapirispirebiT, isev sasuliero

pirebis meSveobiT asparezidan gandevna uwmidesi ambrosi da misi momxreebi.

episkoposi daviTi IV saeklesio krebis mier mitropolitad da sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred gamocxadda axla ukve

gamarjvebuli gulaxdilad acxadebda: `me mimaCnda rom Cems mimarT

gamotanili gadawyvetilebani mitropolit kalistrates gakeTebuli iyo.

sinamdvileSi me mitropolit kalistrates pirvel adgilze vayeneb. me

misTvis araviTari cudi ar minda, me pirveli veubnebi: `qriste ars Cven

Soris.~77 es ki ganacxada, magram mainc ar isvenebda da axla ukve imdenad

miuRebeli aRmoCnda misi qmedebani, rom 1928 wlis 22 seqtembers

sakaTolikoso sinodma gamoucxada sayveduri, romelsac xels awerdnen:

unetaresi kaTolikos-patriarqi qristefore III, episkoposebi: simeoni, pavle,

stefane, varlami, efremi, melqisedeki, ioane. am SeniSvnam mitropoliti

daviTi axali SfoTisaTvis aRanTo. man axla sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarq unetares qristefore III Seutia da rogorc

kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydrem moiTxova sinodis sagangebo Catareba. 1930

wlis 12 Tebervals Sedga sakaTolikoso sinodi, sadac mitropolitma

daviTma aseTi gancxadeba gaakeTa: `IV saeklesio krebis dadgenilebaSi

weria: `kreba gamosTqvams Tavis Rrma mwuxarebas, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis

mesveurTa Soris adgili hqonda uTanxmoebas, rac xels uSlida eklesiis

mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas... gamoTqvams Rrma rwmenas da moiTxovs, rom

amieridan saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurTa Soris moispos SfoTi da

uTanxmoeba.~

Cvenda saubedurod es ar moxda. Tavidanve unda gvcodnoda, rom es ase ar

iqneboda, rodesac kaTolikosad qristefore avirCieT, gana kaTolikosoba

mas gamocvlida, gana is Tavis anarqiul mZime bunebas uaryofda, is vinc iyo

redaqtori _ sulisCamdgmeli samarcxvino Jurnali `axali sityvisa~, is

vinc ar asvenebda arc kaTolikosebs: kirions, leonids, ambrosis, gana

samRvdeloebaSi mSvidobas daamyarebda... igi veraviTar winaaRmdegobas ver

itans... quTaisis krebis muSaobaSi manam ar CaerTo, sanam ar darwmunda, rom

momavalSic pirveloba misi iqneboda... rodesac kaTolikosi gaxda misi

momxreni gaiZaxodnen moxerxebuli kacia bevr rames gaakeTebso, magram raSi

gamoixata misi moxerxebuloba?.. sakaTolikoso sabWo Seicvala

sakaTolikoso sinodiT, kaTolikosis tituls gamoaklda uwmidesi. sinodSi

ambobdnen sasuliero akademiis daarsebaze, saRvTismetyvelo Jurnalis

gamocemaze, saeklesio wignebis Sesworebaze, magram araferi ar Sesrulda.

qristefore sdevnida episkoposebs: aleqsis (gersamia), stefanes

(karbelaSvili), devna dauwyo episkopos efrems (sidamoniZe), romelic

TviTon akurTxa, rom yurmoWrili mona hyoloda, magram motyuvda, amitom

gaaZeva sveticxovlidan. 1925 wels, rodesac episkoposma nestorma baTumidan

moswera morwmuneni axal kalendars ar iRebeno kaTolikosma qristeforem

SeuTvala samsaxurs Tavi daanebeo. mas veravin verafers ubedavs yvelas

misi muStebis eSinia. sxvisi mibegva mas ise exerxeba axlac, rogorc 30

wlis winaT man mRvdelobaSi xidisTavSi Tavisi diakvani mibegva. 1928 wlis

martSi sinodis sxdomaze, rom vismendi mis rixian metyvelebas

disciplinisa da morCilebis saWiroebaze gulSi vicinodi _ TviTon aravis

arasodes ar emorCileboda... igi arRvevda da arRvevs mSvidobas

samRvdeloebaSi, rodemdis unda vuTminoT am adamians? vwuxvar rom me mis

gakaTolikosebas xeli Sevuwye. droa igi eklesias movaSoroT. igi unda

gadayenebul iqnas, daeniSnos pensia da icxovros suramSi, sadac ase xSirad

garbis. Tumca me da kalistratem erTmaneTs vawyenineT, magram igi Cvens

Soris pirvelia, magram me ar vurCev kaTolikosobas. pirveloba unda

SevTavazoT an markoz tyemalaZes an episkopos melqisedeks. me imitom

Sevuwye xeli qristefores gakaTolikosebas, rom vicodi sxvas ar

moasvenebda.~78 mitropolit daviTis mosawoni aravin darCa saqarTvelos

eklesiaSi, sakaTolikoso sinodma ar daakmayofila misi moTxovna da

gadawyvita misi saerTod pensiaze gaSveba, magram sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarq qristefore III-is gankargulebiT gadayvanil iqna

baTum-Semoqmedelad. axla iq daiwyo dapirispirebani. 1932 wels, rodesac

gardaicvala sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi qristefore III

sakaTolikoso sinodis sagangebo sxdomaze mitropolitma daviTma wamoayena

winadadeba mitropoliti kalistrate aerCiaT sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred. damswreni gaocebulni uyurebdnen mas,

romelmac ganagrZo: `vin iyo is, romelic werda saqarTvelos eklesiasa da

samRvdeloebis saWiroebebze saero mTavrobaSi sabuTian moxsenebebs, vin

aris is, romelsac didni kaTolikosni kirioni da leonidi angariSs

uwevdnen, vin aris, romelsac saqarTvelos inteligencia Tavidanve arCevda

da dResac maRla ayenebs qarTvel samRvdeloebaSi? es aris kalistrate,

inteleqtuali da moqmedebiTac upiratesi, SeiZleba zogierTi CvenTagani

yvelafers misi msoflmxedvelobisas ar iziarebdes, magram cxadze

ucxadesia, rom igi Cvens Soris pirvelia Tavisi WkuiT, codniT,

ganviTarebiT, saqmianobiT, gamocdilebiT.~79 mitropolit daviTs amis Semdeg

aRar dauwyia uwmidesi kalistrates winaaRmdeg brZola. igi 1935 wlis 19

marts gardaicvala baTumSi. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis

uwmidesi kalistrates locva-kurTxeviT daikrZala quTaisSi petre-pavles

eklesiaSi... gvimZims amis Tqma, magram mogviteos misma sulma. friad

samwuxaro iyo, rom man seriozuli Secdomebi dauSva... misi saqmianobis

dawvrilebiT aRnusxva da gamomziureba erT mizans emsaxureba, viswavloT

warsuliT momavlis winaswarmetyveleba arasodes gavimeoroT winaparTa

Secdomebi da SevZloT viwro pirovnul ambiciebze amaRleba, pirnaTlad

vemsaxuroT Cvens samSoblos da mSobel eklesias.

7. damatebani 1. qristefore cicqiSvilis recenzia ep. leonides qadagebaTa krebulze:

`sityvani da moZRvrebani. nawili pirveli. qarTvel wmindanebis dReebi.~

foTi. 1914 w. `vertyviWalelis~ xelmoweriT.

bibliografia:

ep. leonidi. sityvani da moZRvrebani. nawili pirveli. qarTvel

wmindanebis dReebi. foTi 1914 w. fasi erTi maneTi. yovlad samRvdelo

leonidi ukve cnobilia, rogorc Seuryeveli mamuliSvili, romelic

sityviT da saqmiT emsaxureba jer RmerTsa da mere Taviss moyvass, Tavis

mSobel ers. am gziT midis igi da arc erTxel ar gadauxvevia misgan,

rogorc es xSirad gvemarTeba sxvebs da kerZoT sasuliero pirT.

Cven win debuli qadagebaTa krebuli ep. leonidisa aris damamtkicebeli,

Tu ramdenad Sestkiva guli mqadagebels saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis,

qarTveli erisaTvis. am wigniT avtori Seavsebs TvalsaCino nakls Cveni

sasuliero mwignobrobisas, romelic imaSi mdgomareobda, rom ar

mogvepoveboda qadagebani Cvenis wmindanebis Sesaxeb.

mdabio, gasagebis da gulSi Rrmad Camwvdomis eniT gvamcnobs mqadagebeli

cxovrebasa da Rvawlsa, romliTac ganaZlieres da aayvaves saqarTvelos

eklesia Cveni qveynis wmindanebma. Tan mqadagebeli SeumCnevlad gagvacnobs

saqarTvelos istoriis umTavres momentebs da ucxoelebs mkiTxvels

samSoblo qveynis siyvaruls. mqadagebeli swuxs, rom qarTvel wmindanebis

cxovrebas ar icnobs CvenSi arc eri da rac ufro samwuxaroa, arc

samRvdeloeba. mouwodebs am ukanasknelT gaecnon da gaacnon xalxs Tavis

eklesiis wmindanebis vinaoba (gv. 39).

qadagebebs ar aqvs ganyenebuli xasiaTi, igini dakavSirebuli arian

cxovrebasTan. mqadagebeli warsulidgan gadmodis awmyoSi, adarebs Zvelsa

da axals, mouwodebs msmenelT Seiyvaron Zvel moRvaweebis mtkice

sarwmunoeba, sifaqize zneoba da Tavdadeba mamulisaTvis. sarwmunoebrivi

aRzrda saWiroa mieces axalgazrdebs, vaJebsa da qalebs, ufro

ukanasknelT, radgan ukeTesi momavali ekuTvniT im xalxebs, romelTac

hyavT sarwmunoebiT da maRalzneobiT aRWurvili dedebi, _ ambobs

mqadagebeli (gv. 21). qals didi mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTvelos istoriaSi.

am mniSvnelobis sabuTni arian wm. nino, wm. SuSaniki, wm. Tamar mefe, wm.

qeTevani da mravalni sxvani. mxolod dRevandel qals `aRar miaCnia

sasaxelod wm. ninos gziT siaruli. igi sul sxva gzas adgia suliTa da

guliT, amitom winandeburaT aRar guzguzobs Cveni sakuTari arsebobis

kera~ (gv. 74). `wm. ninos qadageba dasabamad gauxda qarTul enas; am qadagebam

gazarda qarTuli ena, ganaviTara, gafurCqna, daamuSava da aiyvana im saocar

sisrulemde, rogoric aris qarTuli saxarebisa da vefxistyaosnis ena; wm.

ninos saxels pativiscemam da misi qadagebis erTgulebam moaqargvina Cvens

mama-papas saqarTvelos piri im didebul taZrebiT, romlebsac dResac

gancvifrebaSi mohyavT uganaTlebules erebis warmomadgenelni; wm. ninos

saxelis pativiscemam da misi moZRvrebis erTgulebam gadaaqcia mTeli

saqarTvelo rCeuli gmirebis akvnad, romelTac Segvinaxes TavianTi mkerdiT

sicocxle da miwa-wyali (gv. 53).

acnobs mqadagebeli msmenelebs Rvawls axovan gmir-mefis daviT

aRmaSeneblisas, qveyanas rom cxovelmyofeli suli Cahbera, qveynis

ekonomiurad da gonebrivad amaRorZinebels da ganmaZliereblisas (gv, 88), _

`saocnebo sibrZnis, gamWriaxobis, maRal gonebis, saTnoebis, simdidris,

mefur simZlavris da momxiblav silamazis mqon pirvel qarTvel mefe-qalis

Tamarisas (gv. 94), vis drosac saqarTvelos Zlierebam, kulturulma da

samxedrom,miaRwia umaRles mwvervals. Tamaris uzenaesi Tvisebani aqezeben

mWermetyvel, gulmxurvale mamuliSvil mqadagebels mimarTos Tanamedrove

dedebs, _ iSromon Tavdadebulad mamulisaTvis: `Tu TqvenTvis Zvirfasia

Tqveni samSoblos aRdgena _ gaZliereba, Tqveni mSobel eris ganaTleba da

bedniereba, mosvenebas ar unda gaZlevdeT Tamar dedoflis aCrdili. Tqvenc

mis msgavsad dRe da Rames unda asworebdeT samSoblos samsaxurisaTvis~

(gv. 104).

da mamulisa da sarwmunoebisaTvis Tavdadebis magaliTad moiyvans

mqadagebeli cxovrebas wm. mowameTa:mefeTa arCil da luarsabisas,

qeTevanisas, biZinas, Salvas da elizbarisas. moiyvans cxovrebasa da

Rvawlsa qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelTa: wm. ioane iverisas, didebul iveriis

lavris damaarseblisas, romelic Seiqmna ganaTlebis wyarod sruliad

saqarTvelosaTvis, eqvTime da giorgi mTawmindelTa, romelTac qarTuli ena

SeimuSaves umaRles xarisxamde, rom SesaZlebeli gaxda am eniT gamoTqma

Rrma filosofiur da saRvTismetyvelo azrebisa. gansakuTrebiT miaqcevs

yuradRebas giorgi mTawmindelis amags saqarTvelos eklesiis

damoukideblobis dacvaSi (gv. 139). am moRvaweTa cxovreba gamoaTqmevinebs

mqadagebels Tavis Sexedulebas namdvil beris samsaxurze: `beri

Tavdadebuli, Tavganwiruli msaxuria, jer RvTisa da mere Tavisis

samSoblosi, jer qristesi da mere Tavis eris ganaTlebisa, gaZlierebisa.

qeTevan dedoflis dResaswauli (alaverdoba) sabuTs aZlevs mqadagebels

dReobebis mniSvnelobaze gamoTqvas Tavisi azri. Cvenebur dReobebSi igi

hpovebs bevr sasurvel mxareebs: sxva da sxva kuTxis qarTvelTagan

urTierTis gacnobas, daaxloebas, erTobis da xalxosnobis Segnebas.

dReobebSi xalxi ramdenadme ecnoba Taviss warsuls Zvel eklesiaTa

xilviT. xalxi sruliad xalisiandeba, sulier energias ikrebso. dReobebi

SeiZleba gamoiyenon sxva da sxva dargis moRvaweebma xalxSi sinaTlis

Sesatan saSualebadao, sameurneo iaraRebis gacnobiT, wignebis

gavrcelebiT, warmodgenebis gamarTviT da sxva. dReobis cud mxareebs unda

vebrZoloT, magram nagavs margaliti ar unda gavatanoT Tanao~ (gv. 196)

mTel qadagebaTa krebulis dedaTa azria, rom uwin qarTveli

sarwmunoebis simtkiciT da mamulis siyvaruliT Zlieri iyo SinaganaT.

mqadagebeli mouwodebs Taviss msmenelebs, rom yvelam Seuwyos xeli

saqarTvelos eklesiis da eris didebas, rom Zveleburad pativdebuli iyos

qarTveli eri sxva erTa Soriso.

bevri sagulisxmo azrebia gamoTqmuli aRniSnuli qadagebaTa krebulSi,

da amitomac mkiTxvels vurCevT TviTon guldasmiT gadaikiTxos qadagebani.

es wigni aucileblad unda SeiZinos yovelma qarTvelma, sasuliero piri

iqneba igi, Tu saero.

`vertyviWaleli~

2. qristefore cicqiSvilis ubis wignaki-dRiuri, piradi xasiaTis

Canawerebi da `patar-patara SeniSvnebiT~

1893 w. 4 Tebervali. isidores gamosaTxovari wirva. Segirdebi wirvazed

daeswrnen mxolod 50; danarCenni ki ar iyvnen gangeb. sadilad inspeqtorma-

isidorem Rvino gviyida, magram Rvino aravin ar dalia, sasadilo oTaxSi

iyo am dros meTvalyure T. nikandri. is Zalian gajavrda, raT ar dalieso.

es saqcieli Tavis SeuracxyofaT miiRo. morige Segirds samzareuloSi

elaparakeba simxece Caidineso da sxva amisTana: am laparakis dros movida

imasTan mexuTe klasis rusi da ukreWs (nasadilevs), viTom Cven _

qarTvelebs dagvcinis. nikandri miubrunda mas: `Sen raRas ikriWebi, me Sen

Tu ar Cagwere!...

isidorem gaigo Tu ara es ambavi, Zalian Seswuxda, gafiTrda... Rvino mere

mosamsaxureebs daalevines imaTda sabednierod.

TvalT-mxedveloba, yurTa smena me aRara maqvs,

mexsiereba, fizikuri Rone momaklda,

gavfuWdi kaci, samSoblosaTvis aRar vargivar,

aRarc TavisTvis, aRarc ZmisTvis, aRarc dedisTvis...

berikacoba axalgazrdas me amekida,

udrood vWknebi, saflavisken udrood mival...

Cemma varskvlavma, Cemma bedma ar gamiRima,

Cemi imedi da survili jer gauSlelni

gahqrnen, viT hqreba, tkbili ocneba, tkbili sizmari,

da guli Cemi sduRs maradis mwuxarebiTa.

(gagonili erTi seminarielisagan)

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis reqtors, prof. i. javaxiSvilis

mimarTva urbnisis ep. qristeforesadmi, universitetis mier arq. tarasis

wignsacavSi daculi wignebis SeZenis gamo, madlobis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb

mis yovlad-usamRvdeloess, urbnisis ep. qristefores.

amasTanave gaaxlebT ra qvabTaxevis arqimandrit tarasis wignTsacavSi

moTavsebul wignebis nusxas, romelic universitetma Tqveni nebarTviT

Caibara, gicxadebT udides madlobas universitetis saxeliT, rom mogveciT

saSualeba maTi SeZenis.

pativiscemiT iv. javaxiSvili

1923 w. 16 Tebervali

ep. qristefore urbnelis moxsenebiTi baraTi sr. saqarTvelos

sakaTolikoso sabWosadmi, goris eklesiebis unugeSo mdgomareobis, oqonisa

da sakrebulo taZris mrevlTa SeerTebis da dazianebuli eklesiebis

ganaxlebis RonisZiebis Sesaxeb

sruliad saqarTvelos

sakaT. sabWos urbneli

episkoposis qristeforesagan:

moxseneba

ama Tvis pirvel ricxvebSi viyavi gorSi da davaTvaliere maxlobeli

eklesiebi. sxvaTa Soris Cemi yuradReba miiqcia q. goris eklesiebis

unugeSo da TiTqmis uimedo mdgomareobam. arc saeparqio sams eklesiaSi,

arc yofil samxedrosaSi wirva-locvis Sesruleba ar SeiZleba. gaukeTebia

dek. kasraZes ficris farduli eklesiad, magram aqac Seuferebelia wirva-

locva. dRes gorSi arsebobs ori mrevli: oqonisa da yofil sakaTedro

taZrisa. pirvelSi aris erTi mRvdeli (kavkasiZe) da erTi wignis mkiTxveli,

meoreSi ori mRvdeli da erTi wignis mkiTxveli. mrevli oqonisa sjobia.

orTave eklesiaTa krebulni wirva-locvas asruleben xsenebulis ficrulis

eklesiaSi, sTvlian Tavs damoukidebel krebulebad da aqvT urTierTSoris

usiamovneba mravalgvari. zamTarSi msaxureba am eklesiaSi SeuZlebelia

(barZimSi Rvinos hyinavs). sazrunavia Sesafer eklesiis mopoveba an aSenebiT

axlisa, an romelimes Zvelis SekeTebiT. mokle droSi axlis aSeneba

SeuZlebelia; dazianebulebSi SesaZlebelia ufro oqonis eklesiis

SekeTeba. dResdReobiT cal-calke mrevlni gorisani verc axals aaSeneben,

verc Zvels SeakeTeben. amisaTvis saWirod vcnob orTave mrevlni gorisani:

oqonisa da sakrebulo taZrisa SeerTebul iqmnen, rom SeerTdes mrevlTa

unari da Zalebi aRmSeneblobis saqmeSi. winamZRvrad dainiSnos dek.

kavkasiZe, meore mRvdlad dek. d. kavkasiZe, mesamed mR. al. tlaSaZe.

ep. qristefore urbneli

1922 w. 18 ivlisi

Tbilisis saeparqio sabWos samwerlos gamgis d. daviTaSvilis mimarTva

ep. qristeforesadmi

mis yovladusamRvdeloesobas ep. qristefores:

saeparqio samwerlo pativiscemiT gaaxlebT, amasTanave, Tanaxmad misis

uwmidesobis kaTolikos-patriarqis gankargulebisa, saqmeebs: 1) sof.

fxvenevis samrevlos mRvdlis zaqaria saZagliSvilze saCivrisas; 2)

mejvrisxevis olqis mTavarxucesis moxsenebas _ misi olqis adgilidgan

dasaTxovni mRvdlebis siiT; da 3) sof. biyris samrevlos mRvdlis giorgi

dedabriSvilis Txovnas-gamosakvlevad.

samwerlos gamge: d. daviTaSvili

TanaSemwe: dek. g. kiknaZe

1922 w. 11 aprili

Tbilisis kalaubnis eklesiis morwmune mrevlis warmomadgenelTa

saCivari rwmunebul episkopos qristeforesadmi, uRirsi xucesis daniSvnis

gamo

kaloubnis mrevlni

sayvedurs gamovsTqvamT rwmunebul episkopozis qristeforesadmi, amitom

rom rodesac kaloubnel morwmune ers xucess gvigzavnidaT, ratom ar

SegvekiTxeT visTvisac gzavnidiT maTTvis sasurveli iyo is Tu ara!? amis

gamogzavniT Cveni survilebi ver daakmayofileT. igi araa namdvili msaxuri

eklesiis da araa msaxuri morwmune erisa. igi artistia gadagvarebul erisa

da damamaxinjebeli sarwmunoebisa.

eg scenazed gauSviT da Cven ukeTesi moZRvari mogveciT: rad gindaT

dasCagroT erTi, rodesac araa Rirsi daCagvrisa da aRamaRloT meore,

rodesac araa Rirsi amaRlebisa? an ratom araa Rirsi Cven msaxurebisa

kaloubnisave mTavar diakoni daviT baxtaZe? romelic ufro daaxloebula

RvTisadmi rwmeniT da Cven. zne xasiaTebTanac. aRvniSnavT, rom mag moZRvris

moqmedeba Cvens gulSi ver anaTebs.

morwmune mrevlTaganni-kaloubnis eklesiisa

1924 w. 21 maisi

cxum-afxazeTis mit. qristefores moxsenebiTi baraTi sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosisadmi, Tbilisis kaloubnis

eklesiaSi wirvis Catarebis nebarTvis Sesaxeb.

mis uwmidesobas, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis:

umdablesad gTxovT neba damrToT vwiro xval kalaubnis eklesiaSi.

winadac gTxoveT da axlac gTxovT, rom SeuZlebelia amden xans Cemi

uwirvelad yofna.

cxum-afxazeTis mitr. qristefore

1927 w. 5 Tebervali

saeklesio krebis dadgenileba 1927 wlis 22 ivniss kaTolikos-patriarqis

mosaydris mitropolit qristefores moxsenebis gamo: `saqarTvelos

eklesiis mdgomareoba gelaTis saeklesio krebidan meoTxe saeklesio

krebamde (1921-1927 w.w.).~

sruliad saqarTvelos meoTxe saeklesio krebam moismina moxseneba

kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydris mitropolit qristeforesi saqarTvelos

eklesiis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb gelaTis saeklesio krebidan, 1921 wlidan,

vidre dRevandel krebamde da ganmartebani yofili mosaydris mitropolit

kalistratesi, mRvdelmTavarTa _ stefanesi, melqisedekisa, pavlesi,

simeonisa, dekanozTa _ kandelakisa, fofxaZisa, xaxutaSvilisa,

maWaraSvilisa, moqalaqeTa _ ratiSvilisa, svimoniSvilisa da sxva da

daadgina:

1) moxseneba, rogorc eklesiis viTarebis dawvrilebiT da sworad

gamomxatveli, cnobil iqnas sruliad dakmayofileblad.

2) amasTanave meoTxe saeklesio kreba gamoTqvams Rrma mwuxarebas, rom:

a) Seqmnili pirobebisa da kaTolikos-patriarqis avadmyofobis gamo.

saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurTa Soris hqonda adgili uTanxmoebas, rac

xels uSlida eklesiis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas axali Zalauflebisa

da axal garTulebul mdgomareobis dros.

b) rom zogierTni pirni, romelnic ar iyvnen uzenaes mmarTvelobis wevrni

da arc uflebamosilni saeklesio krebis mier, mainc ereodnen uzenaes

mmarTvelobis saqmeebSi, acxadebdnen eklesiis meTaurTa gadayenebis gazeTSi

da kidev ufro arTulebdnen eklesiis mdgomareobas.

g) rom ar iqna mowveuli saeklesio kreba 1926 wels, arc mowveuli iyo

Tavis droze mRvdelmTavarTa krebebi, ramac samRvdeloebis nawilSi

gamoiwvia ukmayofileba.

3) meoTxe saeklesio kreba gamosTqvams Rrma rwmenas da moiTxovs, rom:

a) amieridan saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurTa Soris moispos yovelive

SuRli da uTanxmoeba, yvelam, morwmune eriskacebTan erTad, SeTanxmebulad

xeli Seuwyos saqarTvelos eklesiis Wrilobebis gamrTelebas, eklesiis

ganmtkicebas da warmatebas.~

sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis sinodis

Semadgenloba 1927 wels.

Tavmjdomare sinodisa _ kaTolikos-patriarqi sruliad saqarTvelos da

mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi qristefore. wevrebi: sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydre mitropoliti daviT genaTeli,

mitopoliti kalistrate mangleli, episkoposni: melqisedek alaverdeli,

simeon urbneli, stefane bodbeli, varlam margaveli, pavle wilkneli,

efrem ninowmideli, droebiTi mmarTveli cxum-afxazeTisa, dekanozni:

dimitri xaxutaSvili, giorgi gamrekeli, beniamin kandelaki, moqalaqeni:

parTen goTua, iakob cincaZe, dimitri igoraSvili, maTi kandidatebi:

dekanozi nestor maWaraSvili, dimitri lazariSvili, lazare naTiZe,

moqalaqeni: adam adamiZe, daviT naxucriSvili da klimenti lorTqifaniZe.

3. evstrati nikiel mitropolitis `mosaxsenebeli Semoklebuli, Tu odes

hromni da eklesiaY maTi da raYsaTvis saRmrToTa aRmosavlisa eklesiaTgan

ganiWrnes~ _ rogorc nimuSi antilaTinuri polemikisa qarTul enaze.

mimoxilva qristefore cicqiSvilisa

Sesavali 1

evstrati nikielma dawera ori kompiliatiuri Txzuleba laTinTa

winaaRmdeg, miiRo cxare monacileoba legat nikoloz xrizologosTan

davaSi, daswera ori Txzuleba xmiad purze. swerda agreTve komentarebs

aristotelis eTikaze da analitikaze. gardaicvala 1117 wlis Semdeg male.

1156 wlis konstantinopolis saeklesio krebam Caricxa igi eklesiis

ganTqmul moZRvarTa rigebSi.

evstrati nikielis erT-erT TxzulebaTagania: `mosaxsenebelia

Semokrebuli, Tu odes hromni da eklesiaY maTi da rasaTvis saRmrToTa

aRmosavlisa eklesiaTgan ganiWrnes.~ es Txzuleba, berZnuliT Targmnili,

moqceulia arsen iyalToelisagan Sedgenil-Targmnil dogmatikonSi. enis

mixedviT Targmnili unda iyos XII s-Si, SeiZleba TviT arsenisaganca,

romelic gardaicvala daviT aRmaSeneblis sikvdilis (1125 w.) cota adre.

TiTqmis imave xanSi gardaicvala evstrati nikielic. arsen iyalToels

SeeZlo gaecno xsenebuli Txzuleba dawerisTanave, radgan igi karga xans

iyo konstantinopolSi manganis akademiaSi, Savs mTaze da petriwonSi. es

adgilebi da maTTan erTad saba wmidis monasteri, sinas mTa, jvris

monasteri ierusalimSi da uaRresad ki aToni, iyvnen qarTvelTaTvis

ganaTlebis iseT punktebad, saidanac Tvals adevnebdnen igini maSindel

literaturul-mecnierul moZraobas aRmosavleT-dasavleTSi. qarTvelebs,

romelnic warmoadgendnen saqristiano oaziss, musulmanTagan

garSemortymuls da Sewuxebuls, yovelTvis ar hqondaT mocaleoba amgvari

moRvaweobisaTvis, magram, roca garemoeba ki uwyobda maT xels, sul cota

xanSi amoudgebodnen xolme gverdSi dawinaurebul erebs da ar

Camouvardebodnen xolme maT arc azrovnebis siRrmiT da arc sifarToviT.

amis mizezi iyo da aris dResac qarTvel eris Zvelidanve tradiciuli

kulturosnoba. yoveli RirsSesaniSnavi sakiTxi msoflio eklesiisa

hpovebda gamoZaxils qarTvelebSiac. amiT aixsneba evstrati nikielis

Txzulebis Targmnac qarTulad, romelsac hqonda ufro literaturuli

mniSvneloba, vidre praqtikuli. da marTlac, hqondaT, Tu ara arsebiTad

dava saqarTvelos eklesias romis eklesiasTan da ramdenad gamoxatavda es

dava am eklesiaTarealur urTierTobas? cnobilia, rom saeklesio davani,

romelTa Sedegi iyo xolme ganxeTqileba eklesiaTa, garegnulad

emyarebodnen sarwmunoebrivs dogmebs da sakiTxebs, namdvilad ki

warmosdgebodnen sul sxva faqtorebis zegavleniT! politikurisa,

nacionalurisa, geografiulisa da ekonomiurisagan. es WeSmariteba ar

gamoparvia ganaTlebul qarTvel polemists me-IX s-sas arsen pirvels,

kaTolikoss, romelic somxebTan kamaTSi cxadad arkvevs mizezebs somxebis

marTlmadideblobisagan CamoSorebisas. is amtkicebs, rom perozma (458-484)

SeuTvala somxebs, an sxva rjuli miiReT, gareSe berZenTa sjulisa, an

aiyareniT Cemis samflobelodanao. `somxebma iTxoves sjuli iakobTa... da

maT garyvnes somxeTisa Sromili wmidisa grigolisi mravliTa RvawliTa da

cremliTamisiTa morwyulio~ (T. Jordania. qronikebi. 1 t. 316 gv; iv.

javaxiSvili: `istoriis mizani, wyaroebi da meTodebi,~ 1916 w. gv. 27). amasve

imeorebs anton I kaTolikosic (`mzametyveleba,~ gv. 213). laTin-berZenTa

ganxeTqilebasac aseve xsnian besarion kaTolikosic (1728 w.) da antonic

(1744-1788) besarioni ambobs: `berZnebma Svela sTxoves paps da dasavleTis

xalxebs, magram maT mosTxoves nacvlad amisa laTinTa sarwmunoebis miReba.

berZnebma iotis odena ar dauTmes da irCies sikvdili. moaxdines

florenciis kreba, merve krebad wodebuli maTgan da daadgines rac

undodaT~... (`grdemli~, wakiTxvis sazogad. # 596, gv. 9-11). anton I, romelic

miidrika kaTolikoba da mere iZulebiT dagmo igi, ambobs: `amao ars krebaY

florencias Sekrebulisa Sesakrebelisa, rameTu mizeziTa maxmedianTa

Sewevnisa moqeneobiTa sadame ewamnen mas aRmosavlelni SecTomilni~

(mzametyveleba~, gv. 524). TviT anton I-is da bevr sxva cnobil qarTvelTa

midrekileba kaTolikobisadmi me-18 s-Si aixsneba evropasTan politikur-

kulturul daaxlovebis da ara sarwmunoebrivis mizniT.

evstrati nikielze (+1117 wlis axlos) adre moxda formaluri CamoSoreba

aRmosavleT-dasavleT eklesiaTa urTierTisagan. mizezi ganxeTqilebisa iyo

metoqeoba romis papis da konstantinopolis patriarqs Soris. erTsac

undoda msoflio eklesiis Tavoba da meoresac. Zvelis romis papebs sxva da

sxva istoriulma pirobebma xeli Seuwyves erTian eklesiaSi upiratesoba

moepovebinaT. isini iTvlebodnen `pirvelad TanasworTa Soris.~ maTi saxeli

ixsenieboda aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi. amas ver urigdebodnen

konstantinopolis, axali romis, patriarqebi da cdilobdnen TviT daeWiraT

papTa adgili. amaSi xels uwyobda maT es garemoeba, rom dasavleTis

imperia ukve moSlili iyo da politikuri Zala ekavaT bizantiis

imperatorebs, romelnic xels uwyobdnen Tavis sataxto qalaqis

(konstantinopolis) mRvdelmTavarTa gandidebas. rodesac imperatorebi

afarTovebdnen Tavis samflobelos dasavleTiT, Sematebul adgilebs

eklesiurad umorCilebdnen Tavis sataxto qalaqis patriarqs. ase moiqca

iustiniane didi (527-565), romelmac CamoarTva paps Tesalonikis saegzarqoso

da gadasca konstantinopolis patriarqs. imperatorebma miakuTvnes

konstantinopolis patriarqs wodeba `msofliosi.~ romis papebic ar

uSvebdnen xelidan SemTxvevas samagieros gadasaxdelad. ravenis

saegzarqoso (saero olqi) erTxans eqvemdebareboda bizantiis imperatorebs,

romelTac eklesiurad daumorCiles igi Tavis patriarqs. Semdeg ravena

langobardebma daipyres, amaT kidev waarTva frankebis mefem pipin moklem

da miuZRvna romis paps. me IX s-Si berZnebma gaavrceles bulgareTSi

qristianoba, magram bulgareTis mefem borisma, berZnebze gulmosulma,

moiwvia romidan mRvdlebi, romelTac SemoiRes romis eklesiis wesebi

bulgareTSi: marxvaSi yvelisa da kvercxis xmareba, marxva SabaTobiT da

sxva.

yovelni, erTis moZRvrebis mimdevarni adamianni, miiltvian erTis mWidro

organizaciis Sesaqmnelad, romlis saTaveSi erTi adamiani unda iyos,

prezidenti iqneba, mefe, komisari Tu mRvdelmTavari. qristianebsac unda

hyavdeT erTi mTavroba. es sul sxva sakiTxia, Tu rogor unda

ganxorcieldes es erTobis idea, vin unda iyos Tavi eklesiisa, ueWvelad

romis papi da italieli, Tu sxva vinme. erTobis idea arasodes ar gamqrala

arc dasavleTs, arc aRmosavleT saqristianoSi. aleqsandriis patriarqis

titulia `msoflios msajuli,~ Tumca imis qvemdebare `msoflio~ eklesia

ganisazRvreba dRes morwmuneTa iseTi ricxviT, romelic ar aRemateba

Cvenebur zog mTavarxucesis olqis Semadgenlobis ricxvs. Cven ukve

movixseneT, rom aseTive tituli `msofliosi~ miisakuTra konstantinopolis

patriarqma, rasac papi grigol I medgrad winaaRudga. metoqeoba uflebis da

pativis moyvareoba iyo mizezi davisa da ganxeTqilebisa da ara xmiadis Tu

gafuebuli puris, an wylian Tu uwylo Rvinis xmareba ziarebis dros.

davis amtexi iyo konstantinopolis patriarqi foti, metad ganaTlebuli,

magram Tavmoyvare da udrek xasiaTis kaci. igi gaxda patriarqad

usamarTlobis mizeziT. misma winamoadgilem, patriarqma egnatem amxila

imperiis regenti varda, romelic Tavis rZalTan (Svilis colTan)

mruSobda; egnatem ar miuSva varda saziareblad, ris gamoc vardam gadaayena

igi. amis Semdeg aiyvanes patriarqis taxtze foti, romelic eris kaci

imJamad; ramdensame dReSi miaRebies mas mRvdlobis yvela xarisxi

patriarqobamde. rusi istorikosebi fotis gapatriarqebas kanonierad

cnoben. magram aseTi azri midgomiTia, logikuri afsurdia. egnatem mimarTa

paps simarTlisaTvis. papma fotis gapatriarqeba ar icna. raRa darCenoda

fotis: aiRo da miswera saerTo epistole (enciklika) aRmosavleTis

patriarqebs, sadac brals sdebda laTinebs sarwmunoebis SeryvnaSi da

mohyavs is gansxvavebani, romelnic SemoiRes laTinebma dogmatebSi da

sarwmunoebriv wesebis asrulebaSi. winadac arsebobdnen es gansxvavebani,

magram fotis axla dasWirda maTi gamomzeuroba!

pirveli sadao sakiTxi, fotisagan wamoyenebuli, aris swavla suli

wmidis gamosvlaze sarwmunoebis simboloSi. suli wmidis Sesaxeb

aRmosavleTSi amboben: `romeli mamisagan gamovals,~ laTinebma ki SemoiRes:

`romeli mamisagan da Zisagan gamovals~ (Ielioque). fotis mohyavs 40

argumenti Tavis azris gasamartleblad, emyareba saRvTo werils, pirvelis,

meoris da mesamis msoflio krebaTa dadgenilebaT.

fotis enciklikis pasuxi gasces dasavleTis sasuliero mwerlebma:

eneasma (+871), parizis episkoposma da ratramnma (Ratramne), korbielma

benediqtelma berma (+868). eneasi iwyebs abraamidan da amtkicebs, rom RmerTi

`miuSvebs~ xolme qveynad codvaTa arsebobas Tavis erTgulTa ufro

gasamtkiceblad. aseTni RvTis mterni iyvnen Zvelad qananevelni, Semdeg

mwvalebelni da maT ricxvSi berZenni. berZnebs didad moaqvT Tavi Taviss

sibrZniT da mWermetyvelebiT; igini inTqebian dialeqtikur wvrimalebis

zRvaSi; isini amtkiceben; viTomc WeSmaritebis mze mxolod aRmosavleTSia

da misi sxivebi, rodesac dasavleTis qveynamde aRwevs ukve sibneled

iqcevian. namdvilad ki aRmosavleTSi daibada uTvalavi mwvalebloba, aqedan

ufro Cndebian `sasobni iqedneTani.~ ariozi, evnomiosi, fotini, amrkiani,

kerinfi, nestori, evtixi da sxvani. romis eklesia ganwmedilia petre

mociqulis sisxliT da amisTvis mwvaleblobis moTave episkoposni, araodes

yofila masSi.

ratramnis polemikuri pasuxi ufro sabuTiania. Tavisis swavlulobiT da

zneobrivis TvisebebiT is pativcemuli iyo TanamedroveTagan. misi pasuxi

`Contra grecorum~ sabuTiani da Tan TavSekavebuli kiloTia dawerili.

ratramni fotis mier moyvanil sabuTebiTve upasuxebs mas da umtkicebs,

rom, rogorc meore msoflio krebam Seavso sarwmunoebis simbolo pirvelis

krebisa, ise laTinTa eklesiis krebebma Seavses igi, rodesac saWiro Seiqmna

ganmarteba, cxadyofa ieso qristes bunebisa, romelic aris Tanaarsi da

Tanswori mamisa. aq dawvrilebiT ver gamovekidebiT mowinaarmdegeTa

dasabuTebebs. orTave mxare iseTs dialeqtikurs qselSi da burusSi axvevda

Taviss azrebs, rom SegviZlia maT Sesaxeb moviyvanoT daviT aRmaSeneblis

sityvebi; romlebiTac man mimarTa 1024 wels q. anisSi qarTvel-somexTa

sarwmunoebriv gaerTianebisaTvis momxdar saeklesio krebis monawileT:

`Tqven, mamano siRrmeTa sadame Sesrul xarT da ucnaurTa xedvaTa, viTarca

filosofosni da Cven verarasa uZlebT cnobad.~ sainteresoa Tu ram

gamoiwvia dasavleTSi swavla suliwmidaze, rom igi Zisganac gamovals.

dasavleTSi, gansakuTrebiT ispaniaSi Zlieri brZola hqonda roms

asianelebTan, romelTac ar swamdaT Zis RvTaebrioba. saWiro iyo

damtkiceba arianelebisaTvis, rom Ze Tana arsi da Tanasworia mama RvTisa.

am mizniT saWirod dainaxes gamoecxadebiaT, rom suli wmida gamovals

Zisaganca. arianelebTan brZolam didi saxeli gauTqva aRmosavleTis

eklesiebSi papebs. maSin fiqradac aravis mosvlia aRmosavleTSi laTinTa

mswavlis-suliwmidis Zisaganca gamomavlobis winaaRmdeg amoeRo xma. miT

umetes, rom am swavlis Semqmnelni iyvnen ganTqmulni mTels maSindels

saqristianoSi moZRvarni, rogorc avgustinea. pirvelad sityva `Zisaganca~

(Ieioque) Seitana sarwmunoebis simboloSi toledos krebam 689 welSi.

aaxenis krebam miiRo es damateba 809 welSi da iTxova papisagan misi Setana

`mrwamsSi~, papma leon mesamem, Tumca iziarebda xsenebul azrs es damateba

ar Seitana `mrwamsSi.~ rodis Seitana romma es damateba `mrwamsSi,~

danamdvilebiT ar aris cnobili. me IX s-Si jer kidev ar yofila Setanili.

albaT es moxda X-XI s-Si. sakiTxi sulis wmidis gamomavlobaze iyo erTad-

erTi dogmaturi sakiTxi fotis epistoleSi. sxva dogmatikur sakiTxs maSin

(IX s) ar Sexebian mopolimikeni. eklesiur-wesebriv sakiTxebSi, romelTa

gamoc davobdnen maSin, pirveli adgili eWira sakiTxs SabaTis marxvisas,

romelsac inaxavdnen dasavleTSi. patriarqi foti uaryofs SabaTobiT

marxulobas da efuZneba samociqulo 64-e kanons da trulis krebis 55-e

kanons. magram dasavleTSi ar scnobdnen arc samociqulo kanonebs da arc

trulis krebas. bevri ratramni miugebs fotis: dasavleTSiac yvelgan ar

marxuloben SabaTobiT, es adgilobrivis Cveulebis saqmea da sxva

araferio. mohyavs avgustines nalaparakevi, rom amis Sesaxeb arc saxarebaSi,

arc samociquloSi ar aris naTqvami araferio, da amisTvis ar unda

gvikvirdes, rom aris sxva da sxvaoba Tu kviris esa Tu is dRe rogor unda

Seinaxebodeso. Semdeg ratramns mainc mohyavs sabuTebi SabaTis

marxulobisa: es marxva petrem da pavlem dauweses romaelebsao.

Semdeg foti brals sdebs laTinebs did marxvis SemoklebaSi, ratramnic

umtkicebs, rom laTinebi ieso qristes, moses da elias msgavsad marxuloben

swored 40 dRes. meoTxe punktia mRvdelTa ucoloba laTinebSi. Tumca

fotis epistoleSi samRvdeloTagan wveris parsvaze araferia naTqvami,

magram ratramni amazedac iZleva pasuxs da amarTlebs romis praqtikas.

fotis Semdeg gavida TiTqmis ori saukune. orTave eklesia erTianad

sTvliden Taviss Tavs miuxedavad zemoTqmulisa. me XI s-Si astexes isev

dava aRmosavleTidan mixeil kerulliarim (+1059) da stodielTa monastris

berma nikita pektoratma. dasavleTma daupirispira maT kardinali humberti.

patriarqi mixeil kerullari iyo mousvenari da ficxi kaci, iman xeli

Seuwyo isaak komnins taxtze asvlaSi risTvisac imperatori didad

afasebda. magram patriarqs Tavs gauvida; iman gabeda eTqva

imperatorisaTvis, me Cemis xeliT dagadgi gvirgvini da SemiZlia kidec

wagarTvao. ar iqneba, rom ar swyenoda es imperators. patriarqma esec ar

ikmara; daiwyo saimperatoro xarisxis niSnebis miTviseba. Seimosa samefo

regaliebi, atarebda mewamul fexsacmelebs. imperatoris brZanebiT

patriarqi Seipyres da Casves monasterSi, sadac male mokvda. rodesac

ZalaSi iyo mixeil kerullarim pirvelma gailaSqra dasavleTis eklesiaze.

albaT ifiqra axla maqvs dro, romis paps CamovSorde da imis pirvelobac

miviTvisovo, laTinTa momakvdinebel codvad wamoayena maTi Cveuleba

ufuvar puriT wirvisa. gamosca epistole bulgareTis mTavarepiskoposis

saxeliT, apuliis episkoposis ioamnne tranielisadmi. im droSi apulia,

kalabria da sicilia eqvemdebareboda konstantinopolis patriarqs.

kerullaris viTom surda aqauri eklesiebi daecva laTinTa

cdomilebaTagan. am epistoleSi igi gvarian TavSeukaveblad da uzrdelad

gmobs romis eklesiis zogierT sxvaobas wesebSi. am epistolem Tumca

SinaarsiT moklem, iqonia sabediswero Sedegi: aRmosavleTisa da

dasavleTis eklesiebi daSordnen sruliad erTmaneTs. amave xanebSi berma

nikita pektoratmac daswera wigni `laTinTa winaaRmdeg.~ aqac igive

sakiTxebia aRZruli, rac kerulliaris epistoleSia, da bevri sxvac, Tumca

ara axalni, romelTac kerullari ar Sehxebia. arc es wignia didis

Rirsebisa. humberti advilad abaTilebs nikitas nawarmoebs.

humberti iyo frangi. Tavis droisaTvis friad ganswavluli,

benediqtelTa ordenis beri. mecniereba iyo imisi sayvareli saqme. misi

pasuxi seriozuli da moswrebulia. is emyareba saRvTo werils, istoriasa

da msjelobas. sabuTebi da azrovneba mdidari aqvs, mxolod saerTo kilo

misis pasuxebisa ver aris darbaisluri.

rogorc ukve iTqva, umTavresi braldeba, patriarq mixeil kerullaris

da nikita pektoratisagan wamoyenebuli, aris laTinTagan ufuvar puris

xmareba ziarebisaTvis. kerullari da nikita amtkiceben, rom qristem

serobaze ixmara gafuvebuli puri, _ `artosi~ da ara xmiadi _ `azima~ _ o.

xmiadis puris xmareba ziarebisaTvis uriaoba aris, radgan xmiadis xmareba,

rogorc usrulis puris, RmerTma ubrZana moses da ZeTa israilisaTa

Zvelis paseqisaTvis, xolo qristem daawesa axali pasqa, romlisTvisac

ixmara gafuebuli puri, `artosio,~ `artosad~ aris moxseniebuli serobaze

xmarebuli purio da sxva. amaze humberti sabuTianad miugebs, rom `artosad~

saRvTo werilSi iwodeba orivenairi puri, ganurCevlad, rom serobaze

qristem Seasrula ziareba da pasqa ufuvar purze, radgan mas ar SeeZlo

sxvanairad moqceuliyo, radgan TviT, misive sityviT, `igi movida ara

dahxsnad sjulisa, gina winaswarmetyvelTa, aramed aRsrulebad~ (mT. 5.17);

qristes rom gafuebuli puri exmara, maSin igi damrRvevi iqneboda sjulisa

da am codvisaTvis Tanamdebi sikvdilisa. imas rom aseTi puri exmara, maSin

iuda maSinve ganTqvamda mas, radganac es iqneboda udidesi danaSauli; maSin

qristes sikvdili iqneboda ara CvenTa codvaTaTvis, aramed misTa

piradTaTvis, sadRa iqneboda qristes sikvdilis mier CvenTa codvaTa

daxsnao?

bevrnairad uvlian am sakiTxs mokamaTeni. erTni amtkiceben, rom

gafuebuli puri sruli da wmidaa; meoreni, rom aseTia mxolod ufuvari,

radganac gafuvebuli puris dedad ixmareba an yurZnis wvenis qafi, an

ludis deda, an naxarSi qerisa, cercvisa, an damJavebuli rZe, an sxva ram;

yovelive es uwmindurad iTvleba kacis TvalSi da arc aseTis dedisagan

warmomdgari puri SeiZleba iyos wmida, amisaTvisao, ganagrZobs humberti,

mociquli pavle ityvis: `cota safuvari mTels nazels xrwniso,~ aqedan

cxadia, xmiadi ufro wmidaa gafuvebulze, radgan Sesdgeba mxolod wmida

fqvilisagan.

rasakvirvelia, verc erTi mxare ver daajerebda mopirdapires Tavisis

argumentaciiT, radgan namdvili mizezi maTis cxare polemikisa imarxeboda

sadao sagnebis gareSe: vin unda iyos Tavi msoflio eklesiisa?

namdvili mizezi xmiadis puris SemoRebisa dasavleTSi kardinal bonas

azriT, iyo sruli Sewyveta eklesiaSi Zvelis Cveulebisa, romliTac

morwmuneT yovelTvis mohqondaT Tavis saxlebidan ziarebisaTvis puri, ris

gamoc puris mzadeba gadavida RvTismsaxurTa xelSi, romelTac jer

uwindeli sidide Secvales purisa, radgan axla ziarebas iRebdnen

yovelTvis mxolod mRvdelmsaxurni, mere ki SemoiRes sxva wesi mzadebisa,

radganac xmiadi puri ufro saadvilo mosamzadebelia, misi xmareba ki

kanoniT akrZaluli ar iyo. am axsnas SeiZleba davumatoT, rom

mRvdelmsaxurni, romelTac evalebodaT mzadeba saidumlosaTvis saxmar

purisa, dasavleTis eklesiaSi iyvnen ucoloni da, maSasadame, ver

daixmardnen amisTvis Taviss colebs, xmiadi puri ki mzaddeba uCqaresad,

uadvilesad, vidre gafuvebuli (...полемика между греками и латинсками на вапросы объ опдъсиока).

mixeil kerullarim pirvelma aRZra mSTvaris Wamis Sesaxeb sakiTxi.

Taviss epistoleSi igi swers: `rogor sWamT Tqven, latinebi, mSTvarsa,

romelSiac rCeba sisxli? gana ar iciT, rom cxovelis sisxli aris misi

suli da vinc sWams sisxls, sWams sulsa? am mxriT Tqven xarT sruliad

warmarTni, radgan eseni moklulsa da mobegvilsa sWamen.~ humberti miugebs

amaze jer saxarebis sityvebiT, mere samociqulosiT saWmlis xmarebis

Sesaxeb mohyavs mociqulis sityvebi: `numca vin ukve ganvikiTxavs Tqven

sawmliT~ (kol. 2.16); TviT ufalma sTqva `araTu piriT Semavali Seaginebsa~

(maTe 15,11). mere humberti ambobs, aseTis, Tu iseTis saWmlis xmareba aris

saqme qveynis Cveulebisa; wamalSi, romelsac sneuli xmarobs, aTasnairi

uwminduroba urevia, magram amisTvis mas aravin hgmobs: yovelive RvTis

qmnilebaa da araferi ar unda daigmos, raica miiRebis locviTa. humberti

umatebs: is ki ar gegonoT, rom Cven marTla yvelafers vWamdeT, Tu vinme

saWmelad ixmars sisxls, an raime leSs, Tu didad ar uWirs, aseTs

mivusjiT xolme mZime sakanonos. bolos humberti ironiulad SeniSnavs,

berZnebs saWmlis sakiTxSi aseTis dawvrimalebisagamo: `xom ar gnebavT

daarigoT yvela ucodinari, rogor da ra moamzadon saWmelad, xom ar

gnebavT gaxdeT uzenaes mzareulebad yvela erisaTvis?

Semdeg kerullari exeba didmarxvis Senaxvis wess. me-IX s-Sic iyo

aRZruli es sagani, magram ar yofila maSin sakmaod amowuruli. me XI-s-Si

Seexen mas sxva mxriv. Tqvenao, _ eubneba kerullari dasavleTelebs, ar

hgalobT didmarxvaSi alliluias, hgalobT mas mxolod aRdgomisao.

`aliluia~ ebrauli sityvaa da niSnavs: `aqebdiT mosrulsa RmerTsa,

adidebdiT da akurTxevdiT mas.~ ar hgalobT agreTve: `aqebdiT~ da

`kurTxeul ars momavalio.~ meore sayvedurs ugzavnis dasavleTis eklesias

nikita pektorati: `didmarxvaSi sruli wirva SeiZleba mxolod SabaT-

kvires, Tqven ki yoveldRe asrulebT da maSasadame marxvasac arRvevT,

radgan eziarebiT xolme, maSin, rodesac saRamomde araferi ar unda vWamoT

an vsvaT. humberti amazedac Sesafers pasuxs iZleva. jer ebraulis

ucodinarobaSi iWers kerullaris: `alliluia~ niSnavs `aqebdi~-s, magram

Tu es `kurTxeul ars momavals~ niSnavs, aravisgan gagvigoniao,

`alliluias~ Cven vgalobT didmarxvaSio da sxva. yoveldRe ziarebis

gasamarTleblad didmarxvaSi humberts mohyavs luka maxarebelis sityvebi:

`morwmuneni mudam Jam iyvnes gankrZalulmoZRvrebasa mas mociqulTasa, da

ziarebasa da gantevebasa purisasa da locvisa, dRiTi-dRed gankrZalul

iyvnes taZarsa mas Sina erTxel, da gantexdes pursa da miiRebdes saxliTi-

saxlad~ (saq. 2,42-46), aqedan sCans, rom morwmuneni yovel dRe loculobdnen

da gantexdnen pursa; Tqven ki vina xarT, rom bedavT sTqvaT: `kviraSi

ordRes unda Sesruldes sruli wirva da danarCen xuT dRes ara srulio?~

TviT ufalma ara usrulo, aramed sruli wirva uanderZa Tavis mociqulebs;

man akurTxa puri, gantexa da daariga, ara mxolod akurTxa, ara dastova

gantexili meore dRemde, ar gantexa da gadasdva gverdze, aramed gantexili

maSinve daariga. amasTanave, Tu Tqven winadagebuls da pirvel-Sewiruls

meore dRes aRamaRlebT, gana ar gamodis, rom Tqven erTsa da imave

msxverplSewirulobas asrulebT orjer?~

sakvirvelia, rom kerullari da nikita pektorati ar exebian sakiTxs

suli-wmidis gamomavlobis Sesaxeb; wvrimal sakiTxebs ki ar stoveben,

rogoric aris: marxva SabaTobiT, mRvdelTa colianoba da sxva.

SesaZlebelia, es sakiTxi mniSvnelovnad aRar miaCndaT me XI-s-Si.

II

aseTi dava hqondaT berZenTa da laTinTa. qarTvelTa saukeTeso

warmomadgenelni ki am davas ganze edvnen. qarTveli kaTolikoso ver

dauwyebda davas verc romis paps, verc konstantinopolis patriarqs

pirvelobaze. amis gamo qarTvel ganaTlebul kacisaTvis ufro naTeli iyo

maTi davis sagani. giorgi mTawmindelisaTvis misis drois laTinni iseTive

marTlmadidebelni iyvnen, rogorc berZenni da qarTvelni. rodesac giorgim

1065 wels waiyvana 80 axalgazrda aTonze ganaTlebis misaRebad, Seiara

konstantinopolSi. iq man inaxula imperatori konstantine dukiwi, romelac

gamohkiTxa qarTvelTa sarwmunoebaze, eTanxmebian berZenTa sarwmunoebas Tu

arao. giorgim upasuxa, rom saqarTveloSi araodes mwvalebloba ar yofila

da arc iqnebao. Semdeg imperatorma hkiTxa laTinTa da berZenTa davis

Sesaxeb, ras niSnavs, rom Cven comovan pursa da Rvinos, wyliT Sezavebuls,

vxmarobT ziarebisaTvis, laTinebi ki xmiad pursa da uwylo Rvinosao, me

mefe var, bevri saero saqme maqvs da ar mesmis kargad sadavo sagnebio.

giorgim upasuxa, rom berZnebSi bevrnairi mwvalebloba iyo xolme, garna

TqvensaviT morwmune mefeni moiwvevdnen xolme krebebs da gamoiZiebdnen

swavlas Sesaxeb ieso qristesisa. am krebebze daadgines comovanis da

marilianis puris xmareba ziarebisaTvis. comi niSnavs qristes sulierebas,

xolo marili gonierebas iseTs, rogoric yovel adamians aqvs; ase daaweses

winaaRmdeg apolinarisa, romelic ieso qristes xorcs usrulod ugonebod

miiCnevda (aseve xsnis evstrati nikieli comisa da marilis mniSvnelobas)

(ix. teqstis me-7 gv.) sCans, giorgi mTawmindels (+1065) ukve kargad scodnia

polemika laTinTa da berZenTa, evstrati nikielze (daax. +1117) adre). xolo

wyliT Sezavebuli Rvino moaswavebs iesos gverdidan gardmoTxeul sisxlsa

da wyals. `xolo hromTa, vinaTgan erT gzis icnes RmerTi, araodes

midrekil arian da arca odes wvaleba Semosrul ars maT Soris. da

viTarca igi maSin Tavman mociqulman petre Sewira usisxlo igi msxuerpli

da umetesRa viTarca Tavadman ufalman misca mowafeTa Ramesa mas

serobisasa, egred aRasruleben igini, da ara raY ars mas Sina ganyofilebaY,

oden sarwmunoebaY marTal iyos, xolo mTavarTa maT hromTa ganixares~

(aTonis iveriis monastris xelnaweri 1074 wlisa, aRapebiTurT; gv. 332-333).

mixeil TamaraSvils giorgi mTawmindelis moyvanils sityvebidan

gamohyavs daskvna, rom saqarTvelos eklesia giorgi mTawmindelis dros da

Semdegac 1230 wlamde roms emorCileboda, Tumca berZnebi CamoSorebul

iyvneno (ix. misi `istoria kaTolikobisa saqarTveloSi.~ 1902 w. gv. 13), viTom

ase iyo imTaviTveo; amis sabuTad mohyavs kirionisadmi papis grigol I-is

miwerili werili (iqve gv. 24), magram TviT giorgi mTawmindelis `cxovreba~

naTel hyofs, rom saqarTvelos eklesia sruliad damoukidebeli iyo.

giorgi antioqiis patriarqs, romelsac undoda saqarTvelos eklesia

morCilebaSi hyoloda, eubneba: `Cven varT ganaTlebuli andria

pirvelwodebulisagan, romelac moiyvana qristesTan Zma Tvisi petre...~

Suenis esreT, raTa wodebuli igi mwodebelsa daemorCilos, rameTu petresi

jer ars, raTa daemorCilos mwodebelsa Tvissa da Zmasa andrias da raTa

Tqven Cven dagvimorCilneT~ (aTonis iveriis monastris 1074 wlis xelnaweri,

_ `aRapebiTurT~, gv. 315). cxadia giorgi mTawmindeli hgulisxmobs

saqarTvelos eklesias, yovel patriarqisgan damoukideblad, romTan

saqarTvelos eklesias hqonda keTilganwyobileba da ar emorCileboda mas.

giorgis azriT petre mociquls Seusrulebia romSi ziareba aseTs purze,

rogorzedac TviT ufals saidumlo serobaze da amas misdeven laTinnio.

giorgi aq icavs laTinebis Sexedulebas xmiad purze. berZnebSi da CvenSi

ase ar ariso, da es moxda imis gamo, rom mwvaleblebma (apolinaris

mimdevrebma) uarhyves qristes bunebaSi kacobrivi Tvisebebi. amas ambobs

giorgi aRmosavleT-dasavleT eklesiaTa daSorebis (1054) TerTmeti wlis

Semdeg, rodesac jer kidev ar iyo ganelebuli simxurvale berZen-laTinTa

davisa. yuradRebis Rirsia erTi garemoebac, mefis SekiTxva da giorgis

pasuxi sxva sagans.

evstati nikiels Tavi mouyria laTinTa winaaRmdeg mimarTul

braldebaTaTivs, romelnic aRniSnulni arian fotis da kerullaris

epistoleebSi da nikita pektoratis wignebSi, mxolod sxva braldebanic

daumatebia: laTinTa monazonni Roris cmelis (jer gadaudnobeli qoni-

sabas leqs.) nadnobsa sWameno, episkoposni beWdebs atareben xelze, xatebs

da wm. nawilebs ara scemen Tayvansao, orni Zmani orTa daTa SeirTven

colebadao, xorcielis da yvelieris aReba erT dRes (didmarxvis pirvel

orSabaTs) iciano; wirvaze damswreni, vinc ar eziarebian, urTierTas ambors

uyofen da am amboris yofas ziarebis mniSvnelobas aZleveno;

mRvdelTmTavarni sabrZolvelad gadian omSi; naTels scemen erTis

STayvaniT wyalSi da erTxel moiwodeben samebis saxelsao. yvela

braldebas evstrati hyofs sam kategoriad: 1) romelime Tanawarsvlisa arian

Rirs e.i. yuradRebis Rirsni ar ariano; 2) romelnime daujerebel, e.i.

miuRebeli; 3) romelnime saltolvel da garemisaqcevel, e.i. sruliad

dasagmobi. pirvel kategoriis braldebaT ekuTvnis bilwis mWameloba, e.i.

zogierT uwmindur cxovelTa da mfrinvelTa Wama laTinTa mier, radganac

aRmosavleTSiac (biTinia, Trakia) sWamen aseTebsao. mRvdelmsaxurTagan

wveris parsvac ar aris didi codva, radganac aRmosavleTSic viparsavT

mrgvlad Tavze Tmasa petre mociqulis Txemis ar Sexebia, garda imisa,

risTvisac mixeil kerullarim astexa gangaSi. swavlas suliwmidis Sesaxeb

arc erTi modaveTagani aRar ixseniebs. aseTi garemoeba adasturebs im

wvrimalobas, romelsac iCenda orive mxare. (belatis?) pativsacemadao

(dRevandel qarTvel bevr mamebs xelSeuxebel siwmideT miaCniaT sasuliero

pirTa Tma da wveri!) Roris qonic nebadarTulia mamaTa mier monazonTaTvis,

gansakuTrebiT iseT adgilebSi, sadac zeTi ar iSovebao. arc beWdis tarebaa

didi codva, radganac Cvenebic icmen oqrosTvlebsao. ujero qorwineba

(orTa daTa orTa ZmaTadmi miTxoveba) da mRvdelmTavarTa brZolad gasvlac

_ advilad sakurnebeli codvaa; CvenSiac bevr uwesobas Cadian episkoposnio.

daujerebel, e.i. yovlad miuRebel kategorias ekuTvnis iseTi gadaxveva

sjulisagan, rogorc xatTa da wmidaTa neStTa upativcemuloba. aq evstrati

unda gulisxmobdes dasavleTis eklesiaSi xatebis nacvlad qandakebaTa

xmarebas, agreTve im garemoebas, rom wmidaT neStis kulti ar aris

miRebuli romis eklesiaSi ise, rogorc aRmosavleTSi. ruseTSi magaliTad

400 meti uxrwneli wmidaTa gvamia gamocxadebuli xalxis pativ-Tayvanis

sacemlad. aseve iyo saberZneTSiac. saqarTveloSi aseTi kulti TiTqmis ar

arsebula. arc aris gamocxadebuli uxrwnelad arc erTi wmidis gvami.

cTomilebaTa mesame kategoriasve miakuTvnebs evstrati mSTavaris

(dauklavad mkvdar saqonlis, an mfrinvelis xorcis) Wamas, SabaTobiT

marxulobs, didmarxvis pirvel Svideulis darRvevas. mRvdelTa ucolobas,

wirvaze urTierTis amboris yofis miCnevas ziarebas, erTgzis CaSvebas

wyalSi naTlisRebis dros, ucomo puris xmarebas ziarebisaTvis da swavlas

suli wmidis Zisaganca gamosvlaze. laTinTa CamoTvlil CveulebaTa da

debulebaTa gasabaTileblaT evstrati nikieli imeorebs Zvel sabuTebs

fotisa, kerullaris da nikita pektoratisagan moyvanilebs.

evstrati nikielis palemikur naTargmn Txzulebas gareSe laTinTa

winaaRmdeg qarTul enaze ar aris cnobili sxva am gvari Txzuleba me-18 s-

mde. am saukuneSi ki qarTvelTagan mxurvaled gailaSqra laTinTa

winaaRmdeg besarion kaTolikosma (1728-35) Taviss `grdemliT~, romelzedac

unda damsxvreuliyo kaTolikoba. `grdemlis~ Sinaarsidan cxadad sCans, rom

besarion kaTolikoss xelTa hqonebia rogorc evstrati nikielis Txzuleba,

ise sxva wyaroebic. laTinTa winandel cdomilebebs besarion kaTolikosi

umatebs axlebsac. naTlisRebis sxurebiT Sesrulebas, erT da imave dRes

erTsa da imave trapezze wirvis Sesrulebas, swavlas gansawmedelis Sesaxeb

da sxva. `ara CemiT, aramed wmidaTa mociqulTa da yovlad brZen da

winaswarmetyvelTa da RmerTSemosilTa mamaTa mier Tqmulsa SemoviReb...

maTvepirTagan dacvivnebul nabiWevsa Semovkreb.~ ase iwyebs Tavis

sapolemiko Txzulebas bes. kaTolikosi (`grdemli.~ w. kiTx. saz. # 596 gv.

3). Semdeg gadadis codvaTa warmoSobaze. eSmaki aris kacTa naTesavis

macTunebeli da areulobis momxdeni. evas Secodeba, abelis sikvdili,

warRvnis win urwmunoeba da garyvnileba, qamis mamisadmi upativcemloba,

cru winaswarmetyvelTa gamravleba, _ es sul eSmakis saqmeao. eSmakTan

sabrZolvelad movida TviT qriste xatiTa kacisaTa da mogvca sjuli da

mcneba, magram eSmakis cda mainc grZeldeba, wmidaTa axovanebis

gamosaCineblad... eSmaki ganagrZobs RvarZlis Tesvas Soris ifqlisa...

gamoaCina cru qristeni, rogorc irodi, romelic Tavis Tavs qristed

uwodebda, Semdeg svimon mogvi, arioz da sabelios (arioz erTsa bunebasa

samebisasa ganhkveTda, xolo sabelioz samTa maT gvamTa wm. samebisasa

Sehreva da Serwymida), nestori... evtiqi da dioskore, aleqsandriis

patriarqi, xatTa mebrZoloba. Camovarda mSvidobianoba, magram eSmaki ar

scxreboda. aRmosavleTiT aRadgina qristianobis mterni, romelTac

Seamcires da daamdables aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoni. jeri midga

bizantiaze. mefem Svela sTxova paps da dasavleT, magram maT mosTxoves

laTinTa sarwmunoebis miReba. berZnebma iotis odeni ar dauTmes da irCies

sikvdili. moaxdines florenciis kreba, merve krebad wodebuli maTgan da

daadgines, rac undodaT: a) papi aRamaRles umetes yovelTa patriarqTa,

RvTis magierad, meored qristed qveyanasa zeda gamoacxades; b) suli wmida

Zisaganca gamosulad aRiares, raica ar yofila miRebuli krebaTagan; g)

naTlisReba mcired wylis SexebiT ganaweses; d) ufuvariT sefiTa wirva da

erTs dResa erTsa da imave mRvdels neba misces mravlis wirvis

Sesrulebisa, ueklesiod saerTo saxlTa Sina; e) ziareba eriskacTa

ganuweses sxviTa sefiTa, ara imiT, romliT eziarebian mRvdelni, da

litoniT RviniT, romelic ara miaxlebul ars trapezsa da CvilTa ara

aziareben 15 wlamde; v) orad gahyves jojoxeTi: erTSi Sesulni saukunod

satanjvels ganicdian, maT veRaras uSvelis verc wmidaTa oxa da verc

morwmuneTa vedrebani; xolo meore jojoxeTSi Sedian mosavni papisani,

romelnic mcired Jam da adre ganwmendilni gamovleno... marxva sruliad

mospes eris kacTa da samRvdeloTaTvisacao... oTxSabaTs ara da SabaTs ki

imarxveno; ZaRlebi SeyavT qalsa da kacs eklesiaSio; sul axal-axali

wesebi SemoaqvT, romlebic SvidTa krebaTagan ar aris miRebuli. `xolo

aRmosavleTisa eklesiani da oTxnive sapatriarqoni, _ didi ruseTi da Cven

qarTvelni masve da erTsa sarwmunoebasa zeda vgieT Seurevelsa... da umetes

Cven qarTvelTa, odes mogvecnes sarwmunoeba WeSmariti da naTeli RvTis

mcnebebisa SegviwynareT wm. mociqulisa andrias mier dRiTgan, arRara odes

midrekil ars naTesavi Cveni urwmunoebad... mociqulTa da mamaTa

naTqvamisTvis arc dagviklia da arc Segvimatebia (`grdemli~), gv. 15-16).

Semdeg avtori swers (`grdemli~ T. II) marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis

aRsarebas da arCevs (Tavi III-IV) laTinTa swavlas suliwmidis

gamomavlobaze. sabuTebi saerTod igivea, rac evstrati nikiels aqvs, an imis

win mopaeqreT. Tqven ambobTo, _ mimarTavs bes. kaTolikosi laTinT, rom

mamisagan da Zisagan gamovals siyvaruli, e.i. suli wmidao. magram

siyvaruli aris saTnoeba da ara gvamovnebao. Tqven scdebiT, rodesac

ambobT, rom suliwmidis Zisaganca gamomavlobis damamtkicebelia

qristesagan Seberva mowafeTa mimarT da Tqma: `miiReT suli wmida~-o. Tu

mowafeebma maSin miiRes suli wmida me-50-e dRes raRa moxda, nuTu meored

miiRes suli wmidao? maSin amaRlebis dRes naTqvami sityvebi qristesagan:

`odes movides Tqvenzeda suli wmida,~ da sxva, raRas unda niSnavdes?

Seberva qristesagan iyo gamomsaxveli kacobriv mSvinvisa, maCvenebeli, rom

aRdgomis Semdeg qristes hqonda Cveulebrivi buneba kacisa,

amisaTvisveuCvenebda Wrilobebsac, sWamda mociqulTa winaSe da sxva.

Seberva mSvinvarebaa, orTqli da qari, xolo suliwmida arc orTqlia da

arc qari. Seberva qristesi iyo momzadeba suliwmidis misaRebad, rogorc

mRvdeli Seberavs xolme mosanaTlavs pirs naTlisRebis dros.

gansakuTrebuli sabuTianobiT arRvevs bes. kaTolikosi laTinTa

Sexedulebas papis Tavobaze eklesiaSi (`grdemli~, Tavi VII). mohyavs qristes

sityvebi: `hrqua ieso mowafeTa TvisTa, xolo Tquen nu iwodebiT rabbi,

rameTu erT ars moZRvari Tqueni qriste. xolo Tquen yovelni Zmani xarT;

da mamiT nu vis hxadiT queyanasa zeda, rameTu erT ars mama Tqueni, romel

ars caTa Sina; nuca gerqmian Tquen winamZRvar, rameTu erT ars winamZRvar

Tquenda qriste.~ mohyavs magaliTi saxarebidan salomeasi da ZeTa misTa-

ioanes da iakobisa. pirvel soflio krebaze xuTnive patriarqni Tanasworad

iyvnen miCneulni. mohyavs giorgi mTawmindelis cxovrebidan misi paeqroba

antioqiis patriarqTan, romelsac umtkicebda, TviT antioqia unda

daemorCilos saqarTvelos kaTolikoss, radgan CvenSi eklesia daaarsa

andria pirvelwodebulma, romelic petreze maRla idga, Tu ki iyo

mociqulTa Soris ufros-umcrosobao. giorgis ar uTqvams antioqiis

patriarqisTvis, Sen ki ara xar Tavi eklesiisa, aramed romis papio. Tundac

petre yofiliyos Tavi mociqulTa, es imas ar niSnavs, rom romis papebsac

gamouklebliv hqondeT misni saTnoebanio. ase rom iyos, maSin episkoposni

da patriarqni TvisTa winamosaydreTa msgavsni iqnebodnen ara TvisiTa

saTnoebiTa, aramed SemdgomiTi-Semdgomad TanamosaydrebiTa da patriarqni

ierusalimisani TviT qristesi da wmidis mociqulisa iakob Zmisa uflisa,

aleqsandriis patriarqni markozisa da antioqiisa TviT petre mociqulisa,

rameTu pirveli saydari ese ars (qristesi) petresi. maS rad ixseniebian

Tavad mRvdelTmoZRvarTa: didi basili, an grigoli RvTis metyveli,

grigol noseli da sxvani. agreTve rad ixseniebian sofliosa mnaTobebad

hromis papebi: klimenti, silibistro, leonti, kelestin, grigol

dioloRosi da sxvani, da ara yovelni papni, romelnic ara iyvnen mobaZav

petresi? yvela patriarqni sworni arian. kidev metic: TviT mitropolitni

da episkoposnic miuwerdnen papebs ase Zmasa da mRvdelsa da Tanamwirvelsa

episkopossa hromisasa... TviT papebic miwer-moweraSi arsad ar iCendnen uwin

patriarqTa da sxva episkoposTa zeda upiratesobas. mociqulebma ganiyves

Tormetad yovelive qveyana da hqadages TavTavisad da aravin ar hyavdaT maT

Tavad da mbrZaneblad. mociqulebic xandaxan brundebodnen ierusalimSi,

auwyebdnen Tavis moqmedebas ara petres, aramed iakobs, Zmasa uflisasa da

keTilad warvidodnen.

rogorc samebis erT-erTi piris ufrosad aRiareba gmobaa samTave pirisa,

ise petres ufrosoba sxva mociqulebze _ gmobaa petresi da sxvaTa

mociqulTac. `warvediT da moimowafeniT yoveni warmarTni~ - uTxra ufalma

yvelas da ara petre mociquls mxolod. `aha wargavlineb Tqven, viTarca

cxovarTa Soris mgelTa,~ - aqac sCans Tanasworoba yvela mociqulTa.

samgzis Tqmis Semdeg, qristesagan petresadmi: `aZoven cxovarni (kravni)

Cemni~-o, myis moiqca petre da ixila ioanne, misdevda ra, da sTqva ufals:

`ufalo xolo ese ra?~ miugo iesom: `ukeTu mindes yofa magisi, vidremde

movide, Senda ra, Sen me Semomideg.~ ukeTu erTi mowafec ki ar Caabara am

SemTxvevaSi petres da uTxra, Sen SenTvis izruneo, miTumetes sxva yvela

mowafeT ar daudgenda Tavad petres. _ `movediT da SemomideqiT da gyvneT

Tqven mesaTxevle kacTa~ (mT. 4, 19), `Tqven xarT naTelni soflisani,

marilni qveynisani~ - es sityvebi yvela mociquls ekuTvnoda, yvelani zogad

(calke) waravlina saqadageblad, yvelas uTxra: `raJams dajdes Ze kacisa

saydarTa zeda, dasxediT Tqvenca aTormetTa saydarTa aTormetTa tomTa

israelisaTa. ara marto erTi da ori, aramed aTormetnive zogad,

Tanasworad. bevri sxva adgilebia saxarebaSi cxadmyofelni, rom petre ar

iyo Tavi mociqulTa, magram sityvis gagrZeleba ar aris saWiro...

avtoris azriT laTinebis Cveuleba sxurebiT naTlisRebis Sesrulebisa,

ar aris misaRebi; laTinebi embazsac ki ar xmarobeno; naTlobas asruleben

eris kacni da deda kacnio. xolo deda kacs rom ar SeuZlia naTlisRebis

Sesruleba, es cxadad sCans wm. ninos cxovrebidan. wm. ninom moaqcia

qristes sarwmunoebaze mefe-dedofali da eri, magram TviT ver idva Tavs

naTlisRebis Sesruleba, aramed gamoiTxova konstantine didisgan

episkoposi da mRvdelni da amaT monaTles eri mtkvarSi SiSvlad Casuli da

yovelTa asoTa TvisTa ganbaniT da ara sxurebiT erTisa mxolod asoisa.

xalxi moaqcia da mere gagzavna mRvdelze. vin icis, ramdeni suli

mokvdeboda unaTlavi, magram ninom ver gabeda mociqulTagan dadgenili

wesis darRveva, rom dedakacs neba ara aqvs naTlisRebis Sesrulebisao.

mironcxebaze avtori SeniSnavs: ukeTu dedakacs aZlevT naTlisRebis

Sesrulebis nebas, ratom ar aZlevT mironcxebis Sesrulebis nebas mRvdels,

romelic sxva saidumloebs asrulebso.

ar SeiZleba erTma mRvdelma mravalgzis swiros da eziaros erT da imave

dReSio. arc kerZo saxlebSi wirva SeiZlebao. tyuilad marTleloben

laTinebi Tavs. sadac ar aris eklesia, iq vwiravT kerZo saxlSio; maS sadac

mRvdeli ar iyos, eris kacs awirvieTo. wm. ninos dros, sanam patara eklesia

aSendeboda, wirvac ar SeusrulebiaTo. fsalmunebis da galobis Secvla

raodenadme SeiZleba, xolo wirvis wesis iotis odenis Secvla ki arao. _

ar SeiZleba widovan dedaTa, arc mama kacTa, meuRleTa Tana yofilTa, masve

dResa ziareba. _ ucomo puris da uwylo Rvinis xmarebis winaaRmdeg

besarion kaTolikoss mohyavs argumentebi evstrati nikielis da sxvaTa.

laTinebi aziareben ubralo RviniTa da puriTa. am ukanonobam Camoacala

paps mravalni `mefenio~. inglizisa, kalginisa, Svetisa da saqsonTao.

laTinebi bavSvebs ar aziareben, radgan ziareba Segnebulad unda miiRos

kacma da aseTi Segneba ki bavSvebs ara aqvTo. magram aseTs Segnebulobas

ratom naTlobisaTvis ar moiTxovTo. Tu ki bavSvs, romelsac saSodan

ganTavisufleba gaZnelebuli aqvs, wylis mcired sxurebiT naTlavT, sanam

saSodan ganTavisufldebodes (albaT dedakacebi naTlavdnen), rad ar unda

vaziaroT igive da sxva bavSvebio. da mohyavs sabuTebi saRvTo werilidan

dasamtkiceblad, rom uziareblad, rogorc unaTlavad veravin Seva

sasufevelSio.

`grdemlis~ 31 Tavi Seexeba Tu rodis Seicvleba puri da Rvino

liturgiaze. ara sityvaTa: `miiReT da sWameT~-is warmoTqmis droso,

rogorc laTinebi amtkiceben, aramed suliwmidis mowodebis drosao.

ufalma serobaze madloba Seswira mamasa (da sulsaca) da mere sTqva:

`miiReT da sWameT~..., da gabrielmac axara qalwuls da uTxra: `suli wmida

movides Senzeda~, da maSin Seisxa ufalma xorci. iakobis, uflis Zmis,

wirvaSi, markoz maxareblisaSi, klimis (klimenti, romis pirveli

episkoposis) wignSi, basili didis da ioane oqropiris wirvebSi Semdgomad

uflis sityvaTa: `miiReT da sWameT...~ aris mowodeba sulis wmidisa. magram

laTinebs aRarc mamani swamT arc mociqulni da arc TviT meufe qriste,

aramed meore qriste _ romis papio.

marxvis Sesaxeb bes. kaTolikosi ase msjelobs (32 Tavi `grdemlisa~).

marxva uflisagan aris nakurTxi: mose, elia, samoeli, ioane naTlimcemeli

da mociqulni da TviT qriste marxulobdnen. adamma gemos moyvarebiT

dakarga samoTxe, xolo meore adamma marxviTa da locviT mogvipova xsna da

Cvenc gvianderZa marxva da locva. Tvinier amisa uxilavTa ZalTa Zleva da

gansxma SeuZlebelia. magram laTinni amas ar mihxedven da arRveven

marxvasao. oTxSabaTis marxvis darRvevis da SabaTobiT marxulobisa gamo

laTinebTan bes. kaTolikoss mohyavs ukve naxsenebi sabuTebi da wm.

nikolozis Sesaxebi legenda, oTxSabaT-paraskeobiT ZuZus ar swovdao. aRm-

is eklesia mtkiced inaxavs marxvas, dasma ki TiTqmis sul mospo igi, radgan

iq didmarxvaSi xorcis garda yvelafers sWamen. aRm-TiT, sioniT,

ierusalimiT, gamovidnen winaswarmetyvelni, mociqulni, TviT qriste da

gvianderZes marxvis dacva, xolo das-TiT, hromiT, italiiT, fariziT ar

viciT vinme gamosuliyo aseTnio.

laTinni sWamen yovelsave cxovelis xorcsa, sisxlsa, mSTvarsa (leSsa

namxecarsa); amboben, ara yoveli pirSi Semavali warswymeds lacsao, magram

RmerTma TviT ganhyo noes dros cxovelni wmidani ara wmidanTagan. Zveli

sjuli Semdegac mtkiced Seinaxes mociqulTa, garda winadacveTilobisa da

Roris xorcis uWmelobisa, magram esec gasarCevad uriaTa da mahmadianTagan.

Rori Sinauri cxovelia da sxvaSi araferSia gamosadegi, Tu ara saWmelad.

Semdeg avtors mohyavs cnobili adgili `saqmeTagan mociqulTasa~ mSTvaris

akrZalvaze (saq. 5.29). im krebaze, romelzedac es sakiTxi gadawyda,

ufrosobda ara petre, aramed iakobi. romaelni Tu mainc petres ityvian

eklesiis Tavad, Cven vityviT andrias, Zmasa da momwodebelsa qristesadmi

petress; efeselni ioannes, didi somsiTi barTlomes, afxazni svimon

kananels da hindoni Tomas; da ase wavkidebT mociqulT, romelnic sworni

arian. noes aRukrZala sisxlis Wama, xolo laTinni sisxlsac sWamen da

mSTvarsac, TviT xeliT aSToben laTinni. _ aq bes. kaTolikosi evstrati

nikielis sabuTebs imeorebs, magram ufro mourideblad amxilebs

kaTolikebs.

romSi papis nebarTviT ori sameZao saxlia, romelTa Semosavali papebs

mierTmevao. siZvas arc mRvdelni da arc erni ar eridebian da amas

yuradRebas ar aqceven laTinnio. kacebs da qalebs ZaRlebi SehyavT

eklesiaSi da wirvis dros ZaRlebi Tavis bunebis moTxovnilebas iqve

ikmayofilebeno. mainc ra gasakvirvelia esa, rodesac ubralo sameZao

saxlSiac ki asruleben Jamis wirvasao. nu iqadinn laTinni romis sididiT

SedarebiT aRm-is mcire qalaqebTan da Rarib qveynebTan, radgan `Wirni

marTalTani mraval arian.~ beTlemi patara iyo, magram iq iSva ieso da isic

ara Sig, aramed qalaqsa gared-qvabSi. ase aTavebs bes. kaTolikosi

`grdemls~ (38 TaviT).

damowmebuli wyaroebi, literatura

1. saqarTvelos centraluri saxelmwifo saistorio arqivi, sscsa f. #2100

saqme 59. gv. 3.

2. iqve... gv. 4.

3. sscsa f. 2100 saqme. 59. furc. 2.

4. sscsa f. 2100 saqme. 59. furc. 4.

5. sscsa f. 2100 saqme. 60. furc. 2.

6. sscsa f. 2100 saqme. 59. furc. 3.

7. sscsa f. 2100 saqme. 66. furc. 1.

8. sscsa f. 2100 saqme. 61. furc. 1.

9. sscsa f. 2100 saqme. 56. furc. 1.

10. uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

kalistrate cincaZe `Cemi mogonebebidan~ Tbilisi 2001 w. gv. 79-82.

11. sscsa f. 2100 saqme. 57. furc. 3.

12. iqve... furc. 4.

13. Jurn. `axali sityva~ 1918 w. #1. gv. 3-4.

14. Jurn. `axali sityva~ 1918 w. #4. gv. 3.

15. sscsa f. 2100 saqme. 62. furc. 3-7.

16. sergo vardosaniZe `uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II. 1993 w. gv. 16.

17. sscsa f. 2100 saqme. 11. gv. 1-3.

18. sergo vardosaniZe `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesia 1917-1952 wlebSi.~ Tbilisi, 2001 w. gv. 61.

19. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi f. 539.

20. gaz. `komunisti~. 1925 w. 6 ianvari.

21. sergo vardosaniZe `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqi

uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi~. Tbilisi, 2005 w. gv. 46.

22. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, episkoposi daviT kaWaxiZe. saqme

#1523, gv. 35.

23. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. kaTolikos-patriarqi qristefore III-

is fondi #6508.

24. iqve... gv. 3.

25. sergo vardosaniZe `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesia 1917-1952 wlebSi~. Tbilisi 2001 w. gv. 82.

26. sergo vardosaniZe `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi~, Tbilisi 2005 w. gv. 81.

27. saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis saistorio arqivi (suicsa) fondi 284.

saqme. 300. gv. 41.

28. suicsa f. 284. gv. 107.

29. saarqivo moambe. 2008 w. #1. gv. 23.

30. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi f. 112. gv. 1-3.

31. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi f. 539. gv. 11.

32. saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, kalistrate cincaZis

fondi, saqme #102. gv. 330.

33. iqve... gv. 22-23.

34. sergo vardosaniZe `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1917-1952

wlebSi.~ Tbilisi. 2001 w. gv. 130.

35. iqve... gv. 131-132.

36. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. kalistrate cincaZis f. #102. gv. 446-448.

37. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi episkopos daviT kaWaxiZis saqme.

#1651. gv. 8.

38. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, kalistrate cincaZis fondi #102. gv.

280-350.

39. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, kalistrate cincaZis fondi. #42.

40. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. episkopos daviT kaWaxiZis saqme.

#1866.

41. sscsa. f. 2100 saqme. 58. furc. 1-5.

42. ioseb stalini `leninizmis sakiTxebi~ Tbilisi 1936 w. gv. 232.

43. g. leoniZis sax. literaturis muzeumi. dekanoz nikita TalakvaZis

memuarebi. #3929. gv. 199.

44. s. vardosaniZe `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia

1917-1952 wlebSi~ Tbilisi 2001 w. gv. 140.

45. mitropoliti anania (jafariZe) `saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi~ wigni

III, Tbilisi. 2003 w. gv. 168-170.

46. iqve... gv. 171.

47. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, vasil karbelaSvilis fondi. #272. gv. 6.

48. prezidentis arqivi. f. 14. saq. 354. saqaR. 37. gv. 133.

49. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. vasil karbelaSvilis f. #31. ram. 57.

50. suicsa cakis fondi #284, ac. 3. saqme. 700. gv. 2.

51. xelnawerTa erovnuli fondi, vasil karbelaSvilis f. #31. gv. 872-873.

52. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, baTum-Semoqmedis eparqia dok. 1752.

53. iqve... gv. 15.

54. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi. bodbis eparqia. dok. #1649.

55. suicsa f. 284. aRw. 3. saqme. 291.

56. sscsa. f. 2100 saqme. 31.

57. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. kalistrate cincaZis fondi #49, 50.

58. sscsa. f. 2100. saqme. 67. gv. 3.

59. sergo vardosaniZe `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesia 1917-1952 wlebSi.~ Tbilisi 2001 w. gv. 152.

60. sscsa f. 2100 #1 saqme. 117.

61. sergo vardosaniZe `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesia 1917-1952 wlebSi.~ Tbilisi 2001 w. gv. 153-154.

62. ipolite varTagava mogonebebi. ix. g. leoniZis sax. literaturis

muzeumi, fondi #6760/7 gv. 15.

63. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, episkoposi daviT kaWaxiZe, saqaRalde

#1523. gv. 3.

64. iqve... gv. 7.

65. iqve... gv. 9.

66. iqve... gv. 20.

67. iqve... gv. 17.

68. iqve... gv. 24.

69. iqve... gv. 39.

70. iqve... gv. 69.

71. iqve... gv. 103.

72. iqve... gv. 110.

73. iqve... gv. 111.

74. iqve... gv. 116.

75. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi episkoposi daviT kaWaxiZe #1866. gv. 7.

76. iqve... gv. 8.

77. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, f. #31. gv. 600.

78. sergo vardosaniZe `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi

uwmidesi da unetaresi kalistrate~ Tbilisi 2004 w. gv. 42.

Серго Вардосанидзе Католикос-Патриарх Всея Грузии Святейший и Блаженнейший Христофор III

(1927-1932гг.)

Католикос-Патриарх Всея Грузии Святейший и Блаженнейший Христофор III

(Цицкишвили) руководил Грузинской православной Церковью в тяжелейшее время для народа и церкви. Большевисткое оккупационное правительство с 15 апреля 1921 года объявили Грузинскую Православную и Апостольскую Церковь вне закона, начали административное закрытие храмов и монастырей, гонение и физическую ликвидацию духовных лиц, разграбление и уничтожение церковных святынь.

Выступивший против этого насилия Католикос- Патриарх Святейший и Блаженнейший Амвросий и весь Священный Синод с 13 января 1923 года были заключены в тюрьму.

Святейший и Блаженнейший Амвросий чрезвычайным указом назначил Урбнийского епископа Христофора Патриаршим местоблюстителем.

Владыко Христофор не соглашался с мнением Патриарха Амвросия, не признававшего большевисткого правительства, и сам старался находить общий язык с большевиками.

Тем временем большевисткое правительство спровоцировало внутренний раскол в Грузинской Церкви… В декабре 1926 года, сторонники сотрудничества с большевиками, в обход Патриарха Амвросия в Кутаиси созвали церквный собор, и образовали временное правление Грузинской православной Церкви, председателем которого избрали Цхум-Абхазского митрополита Христофора…

26 июня 1927 года на IV церковном соборе митрополит Христофор был избран Католикос-Патриархом Всея Грузии.

Новоизбранный Патриарх объявил курс сотрудничества и лояльности с государством, но этим не уменьшил тяжелого состояния Церкви и священнослужителей.

Если до патриаршества Христофор критиковал Святейшего Амвросия за непримеримое отношение с правительством, то после сам стал противником большевисткого насилия и беззакония.

Святейший и Блаженнейший Христофор был многосторонне развитой личностью и его жизнь проходила в эпоху противостояния. Естесственно это отразилось в его деятельности. У него были сторонники и противники…

Жестокая реальность вынуждала искать компромиссы… Компромиссы всегда сопровождаются с жестким оппонированием и непопулярностью,

но существуют эпохи, когда без этого выживание не возможно. Святейший и Блаженнейший Христофор III искренне верил, что его курс

компромисса необходим для физического сохранения Грузинской Церкви. Хотя история безжалостна, иногда для оценки личности эмоциональный настрой

предпочтительнее холодного анализа.