SERBIA

Country Profile

Ethnic affiliations of population of Serbia ,2002 Serbs 82.9 Hungarians 3.9 Bosniaks 1.9 Roma 1.4 Croats 0.9 Albenians 0.8 Slovaks 0.8 Vlachs 0.5 Romanians 0.5 Bulgarians 0.3 Others 6.1

Who are the Serbs ?

Descendants of illiterate , pagan and agricultural Slavs who first settled on the territories of latter-day Serbia.

The Byzantine EmpireThe Ottoman Empire Balkan WarFirst World War

The Formation of the Yugoslav State

Triune Kingdom of Serbs , Croats , Slovens, (1918) – headed by Nikola Pasic.

Serbian dominationKing Alexander – the country officially

renamed : “ The Kingdom of Yugoslavia “ in 1929.

Resistance and Civil War

Germany ‘s and Italy ‘s invasions on Yugoslavia.

2 resistance movements :1- Draza Michailovic2- Tito

Serbia in the Communist-ruled Yugoslav Federation

Federal system within which power devolved to 6 constituent republics :

1. Crotia 2. Slovenia 3. Montenegro 4. Macedonia 5. Bosnia- Herzogouina 6. Serbia Kosovo & Vojvodina

The landmarks of the reassertation of Serbian nationalism were :

The forced resignation of Alexander Rankovic in 1966

The major explosion of Kosovar Albenian discontent in 1968 and the greatly increased autonomy which Tito granted to Kosovo in responce

The expulsion of the Serbian nationalist writer Dobrica Cosic from the League of Communists in 1968.

Kosova : the ‘ lauchpad ‘ for Slobodan Milosevic, 1987-90

“This is your country , these are your houses , your fields and gardens , your memories .”

Serbia under Milosevic : 1990s

Serbian Leaugue of Communists (LCS) merged with its’ front organisation , the Socialist Alliance of the Working People of Serbia and result is Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS)

The Serbian Movement of Renewal The Democratic Party The Alliance of Reform Forces of

Yugoslavia

The first multi-candidate Serbian presidental election, 9 December 1990

The emergence of the “DEPOS” opposition alliance , early 1992

Formation of a (rump) Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, April- May 1992

Leaders of SPS and of Montenogro’s ruling Democratic Party of Socialists agreed to launch a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY).

UN sanctions against FRY

The federal government headed by Milan Panic , July to December

Serbian presidental elections, 20 december 1992

Elections to the Skupstina ,20 December 1992 tablo

Elections to the lower house of the federal parliament , 20 December 1992

Serbian local elections , 20 December 1992

The aftermath of the December 1992 elections

Federal Prime Minister Milan PanicDobrica Cosic Demonstrations

Economy in Yugoslavia Dragoslav Avramovic

Milosevic’s volte-face on Krajina and Bosnia

Western powersSerbian publicDemographic reasons

The Dayton accords of 21 November 1995

Bosnia and Herzogovinia was to be preserved as a single state within its present borders and with international recognition.

It was to be divided into two seperate and largely autonomous territorial entities…

There was to be an effective all-Bosnia central government , including a parliament , a three –member presidency , a constitutional court and single central bank.

Refugees were to be allowed and encouraged to return to their old homes.

Individuals charged with war crimes would be banned from participation in political and military life, and Bosnia , Crotia and the FRY would cooperate fully in the investigation and prosecution of war crimes .

Elections to the federal parliament,3 November 1996

The municipal elections held in serbia on 3 and 17 November 1996 and Serbia ‘s subsequent ‘winter of discontent ‘

Serbia after its winter of discontentThe Serbian economy after Dayton ,

1996-9

Elections to the 250 – seat Skupstina , 21 September 1997

The Four round presidental electionsAftermath of the September 1997

electionsThe purges conducted by Milosevic , 28

October to November 1998 ,such as Jovica Stanisic , Milorad Vucelic , General Momlico Perisic etc…

The Kosovo war , Mach to June 1999

The political aftermath of the Kosovo war , june 1999 to August 1999

On july 2000 the federal parliament approved constitutional changes :

1- Provided for the direct election of the Yugoslav federal president and the upper house of parliament

2- Allowed two four-year terms for the president

3-Raised the threshold for impeachment

Endgame:mounting opposition to Milosevic , August to October , and the rise of Vojislav Kostunica

Kostunica and DSSUSA and EU affect on electionsThe federal parlimentary electionThe federal presidential election

Serbia’s “ October Revolution” 5 October 2000

“President Kostunica”,7 October 2000 EU &USA Power-sharing until new elections were held

there on 24 December . FRY to Serbia- Montenegro Montenegro’s wishes Bosnia Russia The USA , the UK , France and Germany