SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California,...

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Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995 Sequential Logic SEQUENTIAL LOGIC

Transcript of SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California,...

Page 1: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

SEQUENTIAL LOGIC

Page 2: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Sequential Logic

FF’s

LOGIC

tp,comb

φ

InOut

2 storage mechanisms• positive feedback

• charge-based

Page 3: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Positive Feedback: Bi-Stability

Vi1

Vo1=Vi2Vo2

Vi1 Vo2

Vo1

Vi2

= V

o1

Vi2

= V

o1

Vi1 = Vo2

A

C

B

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Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Meta-StabilityV

i2 =

Vo1

Vi1 = Vo2

C

Vi2

= V

o1

Vi1 = Vo2

B

δ δ

Gain should be larger than 1 in the transition region

Page 5: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

SR-Flip Flop

S

R

QS

R Q

S R Q Q

0101

0011

Q100

Q010

S

R

Q

Q

QS

R Q

S R Q Q

1010

1100

Q101

Q011

Q

Q

Page 6: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

JK- Flip Flop

S

R

Q

Q Q

J

K

φ

QJ

K Q

Jn Kn Qn+1

0011

0101

Qn01Qn

(b)

(c)

Q

(a)φ

Page 7: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Other Flip-Flops

QJ

K Qφ

T

φQJ

K Qφφ

D

Q

T Q

D

Toggle Flip-Flop Delay Flip-Flop

Page 8: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Race Problem

Q

D

1

t

t

tloop

φ

Signal can race around during φ = 1

Page 9: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Master-Slave Flip-Flop

S

R

Q

Q Q

QS

R

Q

Q

J

K

φ

MASTER SLAVE

QJ

K Qφ

PRESET

CLEAR

SI

RI

Page 10: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Propagation Delay Based Edge-Triggered

φ

In XN2

N1

Out

φ

In

X

Out

tpLH

= Mono-Stable Multi-Vibrator

Page 11: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Edge Triggered Flip-Flop

φ

S

R

Q

Q

Q

J

K

Q

QJ

KQ

Page 12: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Flip-Flop: Timing Definitions

DATA

STABLE

DATASTABLE

In

Out

t

t

t

φ

tsetup thold

tpFF

Page 13: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Maximum Clock Frequency

FF’s

LOGIC

tp,comb

φ

Page 14: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

CMOS Clocked SR- FlipFlop

VDD

Q

Q

RS

φφM1 M3

M4M2

M6

M5 M7

M8

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Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Flip-Flop: Transistor Sizing

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.00.0

2.0

4.0

VQ

(1.8/1.2)(3.6/1.2)(7.2/1.2)

Page 16: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

6 Transistor CMOS SR-Flip Flop

VDD

QQ

φ

M1 M3

M4M2

M5R

φ

S

Page 17: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Charge-Based Storage

D

D

φ

φ

In

φ

φ

(a) Schematic diagram

(b) Non-overlapping clocks

Pseudo-static Latch

Page 18: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Master-Slave Flip-Flop

φ

φ

φ

φ D

InA

B

φ

φ

Overlapping Clocks Can Cause

• Race Conditions

• Undefined Signals

Page 19: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

2 phase non-overlapping clocks

φ2

φ1

φ1

φ2 D

In

φ1

φ2

tφ12

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Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

2-phase dynamic flip-flop

φ2φ1

DIn

Input Sampled

Output Enable

φ1

φ2

Page 21: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Flip-flop insensitive to clock overlap

DIn

φ

φ φ

φ

VDDVDD

M1

M3

M4

M2 M6

M8

M7

M5

φ− section φ− section

CL1 CL2

X

C2MOS LATCH

Page 22: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

C2MOS avoids Race Conditions

DIn

1

M1

M3

M2 M6

M7

M5

1

DIn

VDDVDD

M1

M4

M2 M6

M8

M5

0 0

VDDVDD

(a) (1-1) overlap (b) (0-0) overlap

X X

Page 23: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

PipeliningR

EG

φ

RE

G

φR

EG

φ

log.

RE

G

φ

RE

G

φ

RE

G

φ

.

RE

G

φ

RE

G

φ

logOut Out

a

b

a

b

Non-pipelined version Pipelined version

Page 24: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Pipelined Logic using C2MOS

InF Out

φ

φ

VDD

φ

φ

VDD

φ

φ

VDD

C2C1

GC3

NORA CMOS

What are the constraints on F and G?

Page 25: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Example

1

φ

φ

VDD

φ

φ

VDDVDD

Number of a static inversions should be even

Page 26: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

NORA CMOS Modules

φ

φ

VDDVDD

PDN

φ

In1In2In3

φ

VDD

PUN

φ

φ

Out

φ

φ

VDD

Out

VDD

PDN

φ

In1In2In3

φ

VDD

In4

In4

VDD

(a) φ-module

(b) φ-module

Combinational logic Latch

Page 27: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Doubled C2MOS Latches

φ

VDD

Out

φ

VDD

Doubled n-C2MOS latch

Inφ

VDD

Outφ

VDD

Doubled n-C2MOS latch

In

Page 28: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

TSPC - True Single Phase Clock Logic

φ

VDD

Outφ

VDD

φ

VDD

φ

VDD

InStaticLogic

PUN

PDN

Including logic into

the latch

Inserting logic between

latches

Page 29: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Master-Slave Flip-flops

φ

VDD

D

VDD

φ

VDD

D

φ

VDD

φ

VDD

D

VDD

φ

φ

VDD

φ

VDD

D

VDD

φ

φD

(a) Positive edge-triggered D flip-flop (b) Negative edge-triggered D flip-flop

(c) Positive edge-triggered D flip-flopusing split-output latches

XY

Page 30: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Schmitt Trigger

In Out

Vin

Vout VOH

VOL

VM– VM+

•VTC with hysteresis

•Restores signal slopes

Page 31: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Noise Suppression usingSchmitt Trigger

VM+

VM–

VoutVin

t tt0 t0 + tp

Page 32: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

CMOS Schmitt TriggerVDD

Vin Vout

M1

M2

M3

M4

X

Moves switching thresholdof first inverter

Page 33: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Schmitt TriggerSimulated VTC

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0Vin (V)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

VX (V

)

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0Vin (V)

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

Vou

t (V

)

VM-

VM+

Page 34: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

CMOS Schmitt Trigger (2)

In

VDD

VDD

Out

M1

M2

M3

M4

M5

M6

X

Page 35: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Multivibrator Circuits

Bistable Multivibrator

Monostable Multivibrator

Astable Multivibrator

flip-flop, Schmitt Trigger

one-shot

oscillator

S

R

T

Page 36: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Transition-Triggered Monostable

DELAY

td

In

Outtd

Page 37: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Monostable Trigger (RC-based)

VDD

InOutA B

C

R

In

B

Out t

VM

t2t1

(a) Trigger circuit.

(b) Waveforms.

Page 38: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Astable Multivibrators (Oscillators)

0 1 2 N-1

0 1 2 3 4 5

t (nsec)

-1.0

1.0

3.0

5.0

V (

Vol

t)

V1 V3 V5

Ring Oscillator

simulated response of 5-stage oscillator

Page 39: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Voltage Controller Oscillator (VCO)

In

VDD

M3

M1

M2

M4

M5

VDD

M6

Vcontr Current starved inverter

Iref Iref

Schmitt Triggerrestores signal slopes

0.5 1.5 2.5Vcontr (V)

0.0

2

4

6

t pH

L (n

sec)

propagation delay as a functionof control voltage

Page 40: SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - University of California, Berkeleybwrcs.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/SLIDES/slides6.pdf · Digital Integrated Circuits Sequential Logic © Prentice Hall 1995

Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 1995Sequential Logic

Relaxation Oscillator

Out2

CR

Out1

Int

I1 I2

T = 2 (log3) RC