Interamerican Twitter

September

Tips to take your

nails clean

Values Program

Technology

Health tips

Curiosities

Peace and Brave “If we have no peace, it is because we have forgotten that we

belong to each other.

Ordinary people doing extraordinary things: The value that forges families, businesses and different nations. Courage is a universal value that teaches us to stand up for what is worth, to master our fears and overcome adversity. Without courage in difficult times our lives could drift, however the inner strength driven by conscience, can take us further than we could imagine. Being brave is not easy. Sometimes, courage means facing the consequences of our actions, products from our mistakes. Like the child who admits to his parents that it was he who broke the neighbor's window, the employee who recognizes not doing his job as he should, the parent who agrees to their children should have spent more time with them.

Life itself is not simple and can sometimes be surprisingly hard: The death of a loved one, illness, ruin a business are examples of extremely difficult times. Courage is the difference between sink or keep walking.

A state of harmony characterized by the lack of violent conflict and the freedom from fear of violence is called peace. Commonly understood

VALUES PROGRAM

as the absence of hostility, peace also suggests the existence of healthy or newly healed interpersonal or international relationships, prosperity in matters of social or economic welfare, the establishment of equality, and a working political order that serves the true interests of all.

In international relations, peacetime is not only the absence of war or violent conflict, but also the presence of positive and respectful cultural and economic relationships.

Peace is the priceless characteristic of any society. If we think deeply, we cannot but come to the conclusion that peace is the ultimate of life. It is a combination of positive feelings of happiness, calmness, contentedness, love, compassion and harmony with nature, with the absence of negative ones like pain, conflict, hostility and imbalance with nature. We may attain this peace when the inner self and the outer environment are in balance and harmony. One who experiences peace would depict a

healthy physical and mental state, which needs nourishment from inside and outside, i.e. spiritual and material needs.

The word Salam or the phrase Salam in Malaysia is greetings that depict peace unto others. Indeed the word Islam too has its roots in a word that means peace. “Assalamu’alaikum” which means ‘peace unto you’ is also said to be the greetings of the people of the Paradise.

The cost of absence of peace can be huge. For example, to prevent just housebreaking we install burglar alarms, keep dogs, pay for security guards, keep lights on when we go for vacations etc. But even in the worst moment, we need to get calm and obtain peace.

Technology

In addition to the standard artificial limb for

everyday use, many amputees or congenital

patients have special limbs and devices to aid

in the participation of sports and recreational

activities.

Within science fiction, and, more recently,

within the scientific community, there has

been consideration given to using advanced

prostheses to replace healthy body parts with

artificial mechanisms and systems to improve

function. The morality and desirability of such

technologies are being debated. Body parts

such as legs, arms, hands, feet, and others can

be replaced.

The first experiment with a healthy individual

appears to have been that by the British

scientist Kevin Warwick. In early 2008, Oscar

Pistorius, the "Blade Runner" of South Africa,

was briefly ruled ineligible to compete in the

2008 Summer Olympics because his Cheetah

Flex-foot prosthetic limbs developed by

biomedical engineer Van Phillips and

manufactured by Ossur were said to give him

an unfair advantage over runners who had

ankles. Pistorius did not qualify for the South

African team for the 2008 Olympics, but went

on to sweep the 2008 Summer Paralympics,

and has been ruled eligible to qualify for any

future able-bodied sporting events.

The Paralympic Games is the world's second

largest major international multi-sport event,

involving athletes with a range of physical and

intellectual disabilities, including mobility

disabilities, amputations, blindness, and

cerebral palsy.

Types of Artificial Limb

There are four main types of artificial limbs.

The type of prosthesis depends on what part of

the limb is missing.

Transtibial prosthesis: is an artificial

limb that replaces a leg missing below the

knee. Transtibial amputees are usually able

to regain normal movement more readily

than someone with a transfemoral

amputation, due in large part to retaining

the knee, which allows for easier

movement.

Transfemoral prosthesis: is an

artificial limb that replaces a leg missing

above the knee. Transfemoral amputees

can have a very difficult time regaining

normal movement. In general, a

transfemoral amputee must use

approximately 80% more energy to walk

than a person with two whole legs.

Transradial prosthesis: is an artificial

limb that replaces an arm missing below

the elbow. Two main types of prosthetics

are available. Cable operated limbs work

by attaching a

harness and cable around the opposite

shoulder of the damaged arm.

Transhumeral prosthesis: is an

artificial limb that replaces an arm missing

above the elbow. Transhumeral amputees

experience some of the same problems as

transfemoral amputees, due to the similar

complexities associated with the

movement of the elbow.

In recent years, new plastics and other

materials, such as carbon fiber, have allowed

artificial limbs to be stronger and lighter.

Additional materials have allowed artificial

limbs to look much more realistic, which is

important to transradial and transhumeral

amputees because they are more likely to have

the artificial limb exposed

Beauty and womanhood go

hand in hand. The mental and

the physical well-being of a

woman are very well reflected

in a healthy looking radiant

skin. Your skin is not just a

reflection of external factors

but also of various internal

factors. A healthy diet and

active lifestyle is a must to

ensure that you are beautiful,

inside out. It is very important

to keep yourself hydrated

during winters. So drink lots of

water, eat lots of fruit and fresh

vegetables and avoid alcohol,

tea, coffee, soda and other

caffeine rich drinks as they

tend to dehydrate the body.

Rather, you’d be way better off

and healthier if you do opt for

soups which are nutritious as

well as ones that can keep you

warm.

Many of us, irrespective of our

hectic schedules do ensure that

they eat healthy and follow a

strict fitness regime. But

amidst this, many of us often

tend to neglect a very

important part of our body- our

nails. Gorgeous looking nails

would not just boost the inner

confidence in you but also

make you feel pampered. Cold

weather dehydrates your nails

and cuticles, leaving them

prone to breaking, chapping

and discoloration. The best way

to keep nails in top shape is by

maintaining a meticulous nail

care routine, especially during

the cold season.

HEALTH TIPS

1. Eat healthy: What we eat directly

reflects on our nails. Our nails are

composed of calcium and other

minerals. So, it is very essential to

replenish them, which you can do so by

an adequate supply of calcium, vitamin

A, phosphorous, zinc, folic acid, silica,

vitamin C. That is a long list that’ll do a

food technologist proud, isn’t it? Let’s

deconstruct that to something we can

relate to, shall we? Here we go. Drink

plenty of milk and also make sure you

eat plenty of milk products like cheese,

yogurt etc. Eggs, green leafy vegetables

such as spinach, parsley, coriander,

broccoli, apricots, carrots, and almonds

are also very good supplements to your

diet. Drink lots of water as it will not just

prevent wrinkles on your skin but also

avoid your nails from getting brittle.

Also look out for discoloration of nails or

developing ridges, because they are

indication of vitamin deficiency.

Deficiency of Vitamin B12 leads to

dryness and darkening of nails.

2. Personal hygiene: Clean nails are

not just necessary to look good but also

necessary to ensure your well-

being. Our nails can carry lots of

disease causing bacteria and germs.

Winters, especially, make our nails

more porous and susceptible to

fungus. Trim your nails regularly. But

do not file your nails immediately after

bath because they tend to break. Avoid

back and forth motion while filing your

nails and make sure you stick to one

direction. Resort to nail buffing as it

augments blood circulation, stimulating

nail growth and voila you have strong

and shiny nails. When you wash hands,

make sure you massage soap near your

nails and cuticles. Rinse and moisture

them well .You could also use a soft

brush to clean them. Dead skin around

the nails could be removed using a

pumice stone. Do not keep exposing

your nails to extreme temperatures,

very hot water or direct heat and cold.

They lead to brittle nails.

Don’t bite your nails.

Use of lukewarm water to wash your

hands is recommended. A monthly

manicure by professional is must but

make sure they use clean and

sterilized equipment. Use gloves

while gardening, washing clothes,

utensils and cutting vegetables.

3. Keep them well moisturized:

Apply moisturizer while watching TV,

before going to bed and after

washing your hands. Massaging hot

oil once a week could give you

smooth and soft fingers and nails.

Vitamin E oil is very good for nails

and so is castor oil. You could also

use petroleum jelly to massage your

beautiful nails. Massaging nail serum

could also stimulate circulation and

help your nails grow faster as during

winters your nails tend to grow slow.

4. Avoid harsh chemicals as they

make your nails brittle and

damage them very badly. Use a

base coat before applying paint. Use

non acetone nail polish remover to

prevent your nails from being fragile,

better stick to acetate containing nail

polish removers. Vibrant colors like

crimson red, neon blue, deep pink,

deep burnt rust, grey is the new

black, electric green are the hot

trends seen at runway currently.

Apply vinegar on your nail to last the

polish longer. Base coat is very

essential as it prevents staining of

the nail color on tour actual nails

when you apply polish.

IOWA CITY — His convention speech

was only hours old when President

Obama, confronted by a weak new jobs

report, found himself Friday having to

use precious time on the campaign trail

to account for the country’s continued

anemic economic recovery.

As he has been forced to month after month,

the president responded by shifting the blame

to Congressional Republicans, calling on

lawmakers to pass the jobs bill he proposed

last year and that has been languishing since.

“Today we learned that after losing around

800,000 jobs a month when I took office,

businesses added private-sector jobs for the

30th month in a row,” Mr. Obama told a

campaign rally in Portsmouth, N.H. He did

not mention the actual number of new jobs

reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics

earlier in the morning, which was a figure

lower than expected.

“But that’s not good enough,” Mr. Obama

said. “We know it’s not good enough.”

The president called on Congress to commit

to extending middle-class tax cuts. “If

Republicans are serious about getting rid of

joblessness, they can create one million new

jobs if Congress passes the jobs plan I sent

them,” he said.

Mr. Obama is on a post-convention

campaign trip through crucial swing states,

starting in New Hampshire on Friday

morning before heading to Iowa City and

then ending in St. Petersburg, Fla. There he

will begin a bus tour over the weekend

through Florida, a perennial battleground.

He was joined by his full ticket: The first

lady, Michelle Obama (who the president

called “amazing” at the convention), Vice

President Joseph R. Biden Jr. and his wife,

Jill Biden.

Mitt Romney, the Republican presidential

nominee, wasted no time in jumping on the

jobs report Friday. On his way to a campaign

stop near Sioux City, Iowa, Mr. Romney told

reporters that the latest employment report

was a fresh reminder that Mr. Obama’s

leadership has left Americans with little more

than broken promises and empty hope.

“There’s almost nothing the president

has done in the past three and a half,

four years that gives the American

people confidence that he knows what

he’s doing when it comes to jobs and

the economy,” Mr. Romney said,

adding that the president’s speech

Thursday to the Democratic National

Convention contained even more

promises that will go unfulfilled.

“What is he going to do to get this

economy going?” Mr. Romney said.

“All he said last night was the same as

what he said four years ago, which by

the way; he made a lot of promises four

years ago. Can you think of any of

those promises that were met? I mean,

he was going to create jobs. We

haven’t. Lower unemployment? He

hasn’t. Rising take home pay? It’s gone

down.”

His appearance in Iowa came as the

Romney campaign was ramping up

activity on another front. It announced

on Friday a major advertising campaign

in eight swing states. The commercials

– 15 in all – are specifically tailored to

resonate with voters in each of those

states.

In Florida, for example, people will see

commercials about falling real estate

values and high foreclosure rates. In

Colorado, where the military and

defense contracting is a large employer,

people will hear how the president’s

budget cuts could cost 20,000 military

jobs there.

And here in Iowa, they will hear how

“excessive government regulations are

crushing small businesses and family

farms.”

The president, meanwhile, got in some

licks of his own. During his speech, Mr.

Obama tried out a new attack line

against the Republican push for tax

cuts, deriding the Republicans as

running to tax cuts as the solution for

every problem.

On Friday morning, as is his wont when

he finds a line he likes, Mr. Obama was

ready to expand. Mr. Romney and his

running mate, Representative Paul D.

Ryan, Mr. Obama said, view tax cuts as

a miracle cure. “Tax cuts to help you

lose a few pounds! Tax cuts to help

improve your love life!” Then, he

grinned.

FOUR PLANES hijacked, ONE CRASHED IN THE

PENTAGON, ONE IN Pennsylvania, TWO DESTROYED THE

WORLD TRADE CENTER

On September 11, 2001, at 8:45

a.m. on a clear Tuesday morning,

an American Airlines Boeing 767

loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet

fuel crashed into the north tower

of the World Trade Center in New

York City. The impact left a

gaping, burning hole near the 80th

floor of the 110-story skyscraper,

instantly killing hundreds of people

and trapping hundreds more in

higher floors.

Then, 18 minutes after the first

plane hit, a second Boeing 767–

United Airlines Flight 175–appeared

out of the sky, turned sharply

toward the World Trade Center

and sliced into the south tower

near the 60th floor. The collision

caused a massive explosion that

showered burning debris over

surrounding buildings and the

streets below.

The attackers were Islamic

terrorists from Saudi Arabia and

several other Arab nations.

Reportedly financed by Saudi

fugitive Osama bin Laden's al-

THE DAY THAT PEOPLE WON’T FORGET

Qaeda terrorist organization, they

were allegedly acting in retaliation

for America's support of Israel, its

involvement in the Persian Gulf War

and its continued military presence

in the Middle East.

The 19 terrorists easily smuggled

box-cutters and knives through

security at three East Coast

airports and boarded four flights

bound for California, chosen

because the planes were loaded

with fuel for the long

transcontinental journey. Soon

after takeoff, the terrorists

commandeered the four planes

and took the controls,

transforming ordinary commuter

jets into guided missiles.

As millions watched the events

unfolding in New York, American

Airlines Flight 77 circled over

downtown Washington, D.C., and

slammed into the west side of the

Pentagon military headquarters at

9:45 a.m. Jet fuel from the Boeing

757 caused a devastating inferno

that led to the structural collapse

of a portion of the giant concrete

building. All told, 125 military

personnel and civilians were killed

in the Pentagon, along with all 64

people aboard the airliner.

Less than 15 minutes after the

terrorists struck the nerve center of

the U.S. military, the horror in New

York took a catastrophic turn for

the worse when the south tower of

the World Trade Center collapsed

in a massive cloud of dust and

smoke.

The structural steel of the

skyscraper, built to withstand winds

in excess of 200 miles per hour and

a large conventional fire, could

not withstand the tremendous heat

generated by the burning jet fuel.

At 10:30 a.m., the other Trade

Center tower collapsed.

Close to 3,000 people died in the

World Trade Center and its vicinity,

including a staggering 343

firefighters and paramedics, 23

New York City police officers and

37 Port Authority police officers

who were struggling to complete

an evacuation of the buildings and

save the office workers trapped

on higher floors.

Meanwhile, a fourth California-

bound plane–United Flight 93–was

hijacked about 40 minutes after

leaving Newark International

Airport in New Jersey.

Knowing that the aircraft was not

returning to an airport as the

hijackers claimed, a group of

passengers and flight attendants

planned an insurrection. The

passengers fought the four

hijackers and are suspected to

have attacked the cockpit with a

fire extinguisher. The plane then

flipped over and sped toward the

ground at upwards of 500 miles

per hour, crashing in a rural field in

western Pennsylvania at 10:10 a.m.

All 45 people aboard were killed.

Its intended target is not known.

At 7 p.m., President George W.

Bush, who had spent the day being

shuttled around the country

because of security concerns,

returned to the White House. At 9

p.m., he delivered a televised

address from the Oval Office,

declaring, "Terrorist attacks can

shake the foundations of our

biggest buildings, but they cannot

touch the foundation of America.

These acts shatter steel, but they

cannot dent the steel of American

resolve." In a reference to the

eventual U.S. military response he

declared, "We will make no

distinction between the terrorists

who committed these acts and

those who harbor them." Operation

Enduring Freedom, the American-led

international effort to oust the Taliban

regime in Afghanistan and destroy

Osama bin Laden's terrorist network

based there, began on October 7.

MEMORIAL “9/11” ATTACK

Under the influence of the

American Revolution, the

American people dream of freedom

from colonial rule. The Creoles of

Central claimed independence to

escape the control of the indigo

trade exercised by the metropolis.

In 1811, there were popular

uprisings in San Salvador, San

Pedro Grande, Santiago Nonualco,

Usulután, Chalatenango and

elsewhere. The heroes and Delgado

Arce, unable to control the

rebellious people, accepted the

repression applied by the colonial

authorities.

On 24 January 1814, Pedro Pablo

Castillo, second mayor of San

Salvador, leads a popular

uprising. Repression reached

independence all mayors, who were

imprisoned, and the heroes

themselves, Arce, Celis and Juan

Manuel Rodriguez, nor this time

supported a popular uprising that

had no control. They were released

to swear allegiance to the King of

Spain, and Pedro Pablo Castillo

was hanged.

The independence of Central

America was proclaimed in

Guatemala on September 15,

1821. Like in many other parts, to

one or other side of the Atlantic, the

freedom and the people got the

wealthy enjoyed. At the time of

independence, the founding

fathers were their owners.

After independence, Creoles and

mestizos were divided into two

groups, liberals and conservatives,

pushing the natives of any

discussion on power.

On November 22 of 1824, was

promulgated the Constitution of

the Federal Republic of Central

America in an attempt to keep the

joint region. The first president of

the Federation was the

Salvadorian Manuel José Arce, who

failed to convince liberals and

conservatives of the desirability of

the unity of the region.

The leader of American unity was,

however, the Honduran Francisco

Morazan, who was twice elected

President of the Federation, in

1830 and 1835. He made the first

liberal reform throughout Central:

granted religious freedom, enacted

the law of divorce, the convents

became in model prisons and

barracks, encouraged and

democratized education and

abolished tithes and first fruits to

the Church taxing the people.

However, the Federal Republic,

consisting of fifty states, each of

which is independently reserving

the legislative, executive and

judicial, was actually a

partnership in which the local

oligarchies reserved the

government of their respective

provinces.

The Constitution, moreover

absolutely prepared by minority

groups, guaranteed power-sharing

between regional chiefs with the

firm intention to ensure the

maneuverability needed to control

at will the territory as their own

interests.

These private interests lacked,

however, the depth of national

importance or indispensable to last

long.

In 1838 began to show the

breakdown of the system as a

result of tensions between its

components, tensions that

eventually led to civil war.

President Morazán, appointed in

1830, did his best to keep the

union, first as Federal President

and later as President of El

Salvador, until his execution in

1842, but his efforts were fruitless.

Federative idea, however, did not

die at all and still appears in the

speeches of many politicians,

feeding ideas and the Central

American Common Market.

http://www.interschool.edu.sv/