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![Page 1: September 27, 2012 Do Now: Answer the following question on a separate sheet of paper: Do you consider psychology to be a real science? Explain your answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5a4d1b0c7f8b9ab05998c0a7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
September 27, 2012
Do Now: Answer the following question on a separate sheet of paper: Do you consider psychology to be a real science? Explain your answer in 3-5 sentences. **If you are not in your seat working on your Do Now when the bell rings, you will be marked late**
![Page 2: September 27, 2012 Do Now: Answer the following question on a separate sheet of paper: Do you consider psychology to be a real science? Explain your answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5a4d1b0c7f8b9ab05998c0a7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Do Now
Do you consider psychology to be a real science?
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Question
Research
Hypothesis
Procedure
Data
Observation
Conclusion
Gathering of information
Was the hypothesis correct or incorrect?
![Page 4: September 27, 2012 Do Now: Answer the following question on a separate sheet of paper: Do you consider psychology to be a real science? Explain your answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5a4d1b0c7f8b9ab05998c0a7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Placebo
• A “medicine” that has no active ingredients and works by the power of suggestion.
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Double Blind Study
• A study during which neither participants nor experimenters know to which groups the subjects belong.
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Subjects
• People or animals on which a study is conducted.
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Variables are factors that change in an experiment.
Independent Variable-The factor in a study that is controlled or manipulated by the experimenter
Dependent Variable-The factor in a study that changes or varies because of changes in the independent variable
Plants’ height growthHours spent studying
Weight gain
# of home runs hit Different weather conditions
Types of soda drank
Students’ gradesAmount of water given
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Research Methods
![Page 9: September 27, 2012 Do Now: Answer the following question on a separate sheet of paper: Do you consider psychology to be a real science? Explain your answer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5a4d1b0c7f8b9ab05998c0a7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types of Research
1. Descriptive Research– characterizes the who, what, when, where, and how
about a certain population or phenomenon
2. Correlational Research– measures the relationship between two variables
3. Experimental Research– examines the causal relationship between two or more
variables
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Naturalistic Observation• Behavior is observed in the
environment in which it occurs naturally.
• Watching and recording the behavior of organisms in their natural environment– Unobtrusive measure, no
intervention by researcher
• Example: Jane Goodall’s studies of chimpanzees in the wild use of tools
• Example: Watching a student’s behavior in the classroom
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Naturalistic ObservationPros:–Allows understanding of behavior in a natural
setting (avoids artificiality of laboratories)
Cons:– Like other descriptive research, observation describes behavior rather than explaining it.–Can be difficult to be unobtrusive in some cases– Ethical concerns
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Case Study• Behavior of one person or a few people is
studied in depth.
• Examples:– Person with TBI– A puppy living with goats– A child growing up with a pack of
wolves
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Case Study
Pros:–Allow for detailed understanding of an
individual’s psychology–Can suggest ideas for future research
Cons:–Any given individual may be atypical,
nonrepresentative of the general population
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Surveys• A large number of participants are asked a standard
set of questions (i.e. beliefs, attitudes, preferences, behaviors)
• Intended to draw conclusions about the opinions or behaviors of a certain population by surveying a sample from that population
• Examples– Voting habits– When people do their shopping– Course evaluations
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Surveys
Pros:– Inexpensive– Easy to do quickly– If the sample is truly random, surveys can provide
a representative depiction of the population as a whole.
• Cons:– Sources of bias• How questions are phrased• Only those who have a strong opinion may it mail back
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Correlational Research
• Uses statistical methods to examine the relationships between two or more variables.
• Examples:– Media violence and violent behavior– Hours studied and test scores
• Non examples:– Shoe size and length of fingernails – Water drank and number of countries visited
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Positive correlation: An increase in one variable predicts an increase in the other (i.e. height and weight)
Negative correlation: An increase in one variable predicts a decrease in the other (i.e. self-esteem and depression)
Correlation of 0: No relationship between the variables
Correlational Research
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Correlational Research
Pros:–Cheap and easy to do
Cons:–Does not explain why something has a
positive/negative relationship–One does not always cause the other
?
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Summary
• Is psychology a real science? • What are some of the research methods that
psychologists use in their work?• How does a psychologist use the Scientific
Method to understand human behavior?• What is an example of something a research
psychologist might study and how might an applied psychologist use those findings?