September 2005 Prof. Ephi Zehavi School of Engineering Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Transcript of September 2005 Prof. Ephi Zehavi School of Engineering Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN/WIMAX and 3G networks
September 2005 September 2005
Prof. Ephi ZehaviProf. Ephi ZehaviSchool of Engineering School of Engineering
Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, IsraelBar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
and proprietary information
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 22
Outline of TalkOutline of TalkThe Convergence’s ProblemThe Convergence’s Problem
Network’s Architecture Network’s Architecture Wi-FI NetworkWi-FI Network Cellular NetworkCellular Network
Convergence’s ApproachesConvergence’s Approaches Loosely Coupled ApproachLoosely Coupled Approach Tightly CoupledTightly Coupled Approach (UMA)Approach (UMA)
New Novel Approach-Dual Coupled ApproachNew Novel Approach-Dual Coupled Approach
Operating PrinciplesOperating PrinciplesArchitectureArchitectureAdvantageAdvantage
ComparisonComparison
Summary and ConclusionsSummary and Conclusions
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 33
Outline of TalkOutline of TalkThe Convergence’s ProblemThe Convergence’s Problem
Network’s Architecture Network’s Architecture Wi-FI NetworkWi-FI Network Cellular NetworkCellular Network
Convergence’s ApproachesConvergence’s Approaches Loosely Coupled ApproachLoosely Coupled Approach Tightly Coupled Approach (UMA)Tightly Coupled Approach (UMA)
New Approach-Dual Coupled ApproachNew Approach-Dual Coupled Approach
Operating PrinciplesOperating PrinciplesArchitectureArchitectureAdvantageAdvantage
ComparisonComparison
SummarySummary
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 44
The market: WLAN and Cellular convergence. The voice over IP will set the wired and wireless worlds on a collision course, while at the same time providing opportunities for operators and vendors
Wireless Connection: More than 50% of the wireless connections are initiated or terminated at home or office
Dual Phone: Most of phones will use Wi-Fi based handset, either Single mode (Wi-Fi), Dual mode (3G, Wi-Fi) or Tri-mode (3G, CDMA, Wi-Fi) handsets
Objectives: How to allow a smooth interoperability between Wi-Fi/Wimax and cellular networks.How to reduce infrastructure’s cost
Observation and Observation and AssumptionsAssumptions
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 55
Mobile operators may lose in-door revenue to Mobile operators may lose in-door revenue to Fixed-Line/Cable Operators when either significant low cost Fixed-Line/Cable Operators when either significant low cost VoIP calls are offered, orVoIP calls are offered, or whenwhen no in-door cellular signal is no in-door cellular signal is available, or when high mobile data rate is requiredavailable, or when high mobile data rate is required
The 3G network is expensive solution for out-door cellular The 3G network is expensive solution for out-door cellular coverage, while in-door 3G coverage cost times fourcoverage, while in-door 3G coverage cost times four
The 3G network cannot supply the capacity demand for in-The 3G network cannot supply the capacity demand for in-door data trafficdoor data traffic
The 3G suffers from restricted zoning rules, which induces constraints The 3G suffers from restricted zoning rules, which induces constraints deployment of new sitesdeployment of new sites
The 3G’s High Speed Packet Data Access (HSPDA) is limited to The 3G’s High Speed Packet Data Access (HSPDA) is limited to aggregate 10Mb/s per cell for all usersaggregate 10Mb/s per cell for all users
The Mobile Operators ProblemsThe Mobile Operators Problems
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 66
Outline of TalkOutline of TalkThe Convergence’s ProblemThe Convergence’s Problem
Network’s Architecture Network’s Architecture Wi-FI NetworkWi-FI Network Cellular NetworkCellular Network
Convergence’s ApproachesConvergence’s Approaches Loosely Coupled ApproachLoosely Coupled Approach Tightly Coupled Approach (UMA)Tightly Coupled Approach (UMA)
New Approach-Dual Coupled ApproachNew Approach-Dual Coupled Approach
Operating PrinciplesOperating PrinciplesArchitectureArchitectureAdvantageAdvantage
ComparisonComparison
SummarySummary
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 77
IP BroadbandService Provider
MSC
How to allow interoperability?
PDSN
RNCRNC
MobileOperator
Public (Hotspots)SOHO / HomeEnterprise
MANAGED IPNETWORK
INTERNET
PSTN
PDN
The challenge is to provide seamless Mobility Management between Cellular and WLAN Networks for VoIP and Video services
???
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 88
Outline of TalkOutline of TalkThe Convergence’s ProblemThe Convergence’s Problem
Network’s Architecture Network’s Architecture Wi-FI NetworkWi-FI Network Cellular NetworkCellular Network
Convergence’s ApproachesConvergence’s Approaches Loosely Coupled ApproachLoosely Coupled Approach Tightly Coupled Approach (UMATightly Coupled Approach (UMA))
New Approach-Dual Coupled ApproachNew Approach-Dual Coupled Approach
Operating PrinciplesOperating PrinciplesArchitectureArchitectureAdvantageAdvantage
ComparisonComparison
SummarySummary
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 99
Loosely Coupled ApproachLoosely Coupled ApproachWLAN gateway supports Mobile IP Mobile-IP functionality to handle mobility across networks: AAA services to internetworking with the 3G’s home network
Separation of Data Paths in WLAN/3G Networks-Usage of WLAN gateway connects to the Internet and does not have direct links to 3G network elements such as PDSNs or 3G core network switches. The high speed WLAN data traffic is never injected into the 3G core network but the end user still experience seamless access.
Authentication and billing -Various mechanisms and protocols can handle authentication, billing and mobility management in the 3G and WLAN portions of the network – Billing and accounting - done by the 3G provide. A unified billing
statement
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 1010
IP BroadbandService Provider
MSCPDSN
RNCRNC
MobileOperator
Public (Hotspots)
SOHO / Home Enterprise
MANAGED IPNETWORK
INTERNET
PSTN
PDN
The challenge is to provide seamless Mobility Management between Cellular and WLAN Networks for VoIP and Video services
WLAN Gateway
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 1111
Observations-Loosely Coupled ApproachObservations-Loosely Coupled Approach
Easy and simply deploymentEasy and simply deployment
Handover of voice call- not supportedHandover of voice call- not supported
Subscribers prefer to connect voice and Subscribers prefer to connect voice and data services directly to the internet if it is data services directly to the internet if it is free and not through a cellular operatorfree and not through a cellular operator
Open Problem: How to utilize the WLAN Open Problem: How to utilize the WLAN network to increase the capacity without network to increase the capacity without loosing revenue? loosing revenue?
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 1212
Tightly Coupled ApproachTightly Coupled Approach
Concepts of UMAConcepts of UMAUMA Network Controller (UNC).- UNC appears to the core network as a GERAN base station subsystem– Security Gateway (SGW) that terminates secure remote access
tunnels from the Mobile Station– Mutual authentication, encryption and data integrity for signaling,
voice and data traffic.
A broadband IP network provides connectivity between the Access Points and the UNC. The IP transport connection extends
A single interface, the Up interface, is defined between the UNC and the Mobile Station
A UNC connects to a unique MSC and SGSN via the A-interface and Gb interface respectively. It maintains end-to-end communication with the MS and relays GERAN signaling to the A/Gb interface towards the Core Network.
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 1313
3G (UMTS) Network
WiFi AP
AP
IPAPMS
A
Gb
UMA
GSM
UMTS
Wi-Fi
Proprietary Clients
One phone with two interfaces in the same case
BSC/RNC
Tightly Coupled Approach (UMA) Mobile Operator
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 1414
Observations-UMAObservations-UMA
The UMA can not support soft handoff, The UMA can not support soft handoff, unless an interface between UNA and the unless an interface between UNA and the RNC is added RNC is added
The UMA solution has to be tailored for The UMA solution has to be tailored for every new core network standardevery new core network standard
Interfaces must be integrated in the dual Interfaces must be integrated in the dual handset MAC layer- Major change in handset MAC layer- Major change in
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 1515
Outline of TalkOutline of TalkThe Convergence’s ProblemThe Convergence’s Problem
Network’s Architecture Network’s Architecture Wi-FI NetworkWi-FI Network Cellular NetworkCellular Network
Convergence’s ApproachesConvergence’s Approaches Loosely Coupled ApproachLoosely Coupled Approach Tightly Coupled Approach (UMA)Tightly Coupled Approach (UMA)
New Approach-Dual Coupled ApproachNew Approach-Dual Coupled Approach
Operating PrinciplesOperating PrinciplesArchitectureArchitectureAdvantageAdvantage
ComparisonComparison
SummarySummary
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 1616
The Dual Coupled Approach’s The Dual Coupled Approach’s ConceptsConcepts
Handoff in the Dual Mode handsetHandoff in the Dual Mode handset can be viewed as can be viewed as conference callconference call between the network and a phone with two between the network and a phone with two identities. identities.
The Access Point Communication Controller (APCC ) keeps the The Access Point Communication Controller (APCC ) keeps the two handset communication channels (Cellular and WLAN) opentwo handset communication channels (Cellular and WLAN) open simultaneously, while the data is transferred through simultaneously, while the data is transferred through one one channel at a timechannel at a time. .
Offering universal interface to CDMA, GSM and UMTS networks through tightly coupled approach (Intelligent switch connected to the core network, integrated with the IN
Capacity Gain- The non used channel is kept open for signaling Capacity Gain- The non used channel is kept open for signaling only, thus reduced the cellular spectrum usage by 87.5%only, thus reduced the cellular spectrum usage by 87.5%
The hand over is done at the application layer of the phoneThe hand over is done at the application layer of the phone
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 1717
Add on FeaturesAdd on Features Seamless mobilitySeamless mobility - allows subscribers to roam seamlessly - allows subscribers to roam seamlessly
between mobile networks and WLANs with a single handset for between mobile networks and WLANs with a single handset for voice and data services. APCC enables Parallel Access and Soft voice and data services. APCC enables Parallel Access and Soft Handoff between multiple networks such as Cellular, WLAN Handoff between multiple networks such as Cellular, WLAN (802.11a/b/g), Wi-Max networks(802.11a/b/g), Wi-Max networks
Low delay for handoffLow delay for handoff
QoS for VoIP and for video services QoS for VoIP and for video services is achieved in Dual is achieved in Dual mode handsets by leveraging the co-existence of mobile mode handsets by leveraging the co-existence of mobile networks and WLAN. networks and WLAN.
High Speed Internet AccessHigh Speed Internet Access (HSIA) enables Mobile Operators (HSIA) enables Mobile Operators to leverage broadband access and in-door WLANs to deliver to leverage broadband access and in-door WLANs to deliver high-performance mobile voice and data services at significantly high-performance mobile voice and data services at significantly lower cost to Wi-Fi based Mobile devices. lower cost to Wi-Fi based Mobile devices.
Single numberSingle number
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 1818
IP BroadbandService Provider
MSC
APCC
PDSN
RNCRNC
MobileOperator
Public (Hotspots)
The solution:Dual ModeCellular / WiFi Handset
SOHO / Home
Enterprise
MANAGED IPNETWORK
INTERNET
PSTN
PDN
The challenge is to provide seamless Mobility Management between Cellular and WLAN Networks for VoIP and Video services
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 1919
3G (UMTS) Network
WiFi AP
AP
IPAPMS
GSM
UMTS
Wi-Fi
The Dual Coupled ApproachStandard SIP/VoIPClient.Two phonesIn the same case
Dual Coupled Approach
VLR
APCCMedia
Gateway
SIP - Soft handoff between Cellular / WLAN is done in the APCC via ISUP interface- QoS
for GSM/ UMTSMobile Operator
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 2020
3G (UMTS) Network
WiFi
AP
AP
IPAPMS
Wi-Fi
The Dual Coupled Approach solution
Standard SIP/VoIPClient.Two phonesIn the same case
Dual Coupled Approach
APCCMedia
Gateway
SIP- Soft handoff between Cellular / WLAN is done in the APCCvia ISUP interface
MSC
PDSN
RNcdma2000
MS
VLR
HLR
RADIUS
A1
A10, A11
P-P
Soft handoff
ISUP
Radius
for CDMA2000Mobile Operator
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 2121
Basic ArchitectureBasic Architecture
Three major system components:Three major system components:Dual mode handsetDual mode handset
Uses standard VoIP/SIP channelUses standard VoIP/SIP channelAPCC-Access Point Communication Controller APCC-Access Point Communication Controller
Maintains secure tunnel with the mobile over IP transport Maintains secure tunnel with the mobile over IP transport IPIP
Handles mobility within IP networkHandles mobility within IP networkBridges between transport and cellular IP networkBridges between transport and cellular IP network
NMSNMSProvisioning and control of network of APCCs and the Provisioning and control of network of APCCs and the
APCCs connectivity to other network elementsAPCCs connectivity to other network elements
TransportIP Network
SGSN
MSC
PSTN
CellularCore Network
Mobile
APCC
NMS
PDN
GGSN
Internet
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 2222
Tightly coupledTightly coupled - Seamless integration of Wi-Fi Dual Mode handsets - Seamless integration of Wi-Fi Dual Mode handsets into the cellular network in a into the cellular network in a tightly coupledtightly coupled approach, using approach, using standardstandard interfaces and interfaces and standardstandard handsets with VoIP and SIP protocols handsets with VoIP and SIP protocols
One-NumberOne-Number - Single Cellular & Wi-Fi phone no. at work and at home - Single Cellular & Wi-Fi phone no. at work and at home
HandoffHandoff - Seamless and soft handoff between Cellular/WLAN and - Seamless and soft handoff between Cellular/WLAN and between APsbetween APs
QoS QoS – High QoS for VoIP calls and for Video services– High QoS for VoIP calls and for Video services
BroadcastBroadcast - Broadcast data streams from the cellular into the WLAN - Broadcast data streams from the cellular into the WLAN
Data PushData Push - Simultaneous Data Push and voice into the Dual handset - Simultaneous Data Push and voice into the Dual handset
““All IP” callsAll IP” calls – Loop back VoIP calls in WLAN for local users – Loop back VoIP calls in WLAN for local users
Presence function -Presence function - indicates the status of the called party indicates the status of the called party
CapacityCapacity - Increase cellular air-capacity by 400%. - Increase cellular air-capacity by 400%.
The APCC main featuresThe APCC main features
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 2323
Operational ConceptsOperational Concepts
““In some scenarios “ Mobile station device open In some scenarios “ Mobile station device open signaling connection to APCC through a Wi-Fisignaling connection to APCC through a Wi-Fi
Mobile device in idle mode keep signaling connection Mobile device in idle mode keep signaling connection with APCCwith APCC
Mobile initiates hand off-Mobile initiates hand off-– Subscriber start connection with the most reliable connection.Subscriber start connection with the most reliable connection.
Cellular connection routed to APCC using INCellular connection routed to APCC using IN
When Wi-FI connection reliable:When Wi-FI connection reliable:– Connection through cellular is at the lowest rate (1/4 -1/8 rate)Connection through cellular is at the lowest rate (1/4 -1/8 rate)
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 2424
State MachineState MachineMobile off
Mobile SearchCellular/
Wi_Fi
Wi_FiRegestration
CellularRegestion
Connectionto AP
Connectionto BTS
Slow Search of
cellularSearch
succes
FailureFailure
Slow Search of Wi
_FiSearch
succes
Idle Connection
to BothNetwork
SuccessSuccess
Failure Cellular connectionFailure of connection
to Wi_FI
Failure
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 2525
The Capacity GainThe Capacity Gain
AssumptionsAssumptions– X % of cellular connections are from indoor X % of cellular connections are from indoor
usersusers– K is the average power margin that is needed K is the average power margin that is needed
for indoor users (3-9 dB)for indoor users (3-9 dB)– C is the capacity of a cell shared between C is the capacity of a cell shared between
indoor users any out door users.indoor users any out door users.– In 3G technology the rate is partitioning In 3G technology the rate is partitioning
between multiple users, each one need a between multiple users, each one need a minimum SNR for a given rateminimum SNR for a given rate
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 2626
Capacity GainCapacity Gain
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
600%
700%
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0%
X- % of users indoor
Ca
pa
cit
y G
ain
R=1/2,K=2 R=1/4,K=4 R=1/6, K=8
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 2727
Outline of TalkOutline of TalkThe Convergence’s ProblemThe Convergence’s Problem
Network’s Architecture Network’s Architecture Wi-FI NetworkWi-FI Network Cellular NetworkCellular Network
Convergence’s ApproachesConvergence’s Approaches Loosely Coupled ApproachLoosely Coupled Approach Tightly Coupled Approach (UMA)Tightly Coupled Approach (UMA)
New Approach-Dual Coupled ApproachNew Approach-Dual Coupled Approach
Operating PrinciplesOperating PrinciplesArchitectureArchitectureAdvantageAdvantage
ComparisonComparison
SummarySummary
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 2828
Comparison Comparison Dual Coupled Approach Operator Centric Solution Universal interface to CDMA, GSM and UMTS networks through switch connected to the core network, integrated with the IN
Performs Soft mobility Handoff between Cellular/ WLAN or Wimax at the network
Dual Mode handsets is viewed as two phones in the same case (Cellular & SIP/VoIP)
Tightly coupled Approach : Handset Centric Solution
Different H/W Interface for different networks (CDMA, UMTS)
Performs Handover between Cellular / WLAN in the handset, No soft handoff
Dual Mode handsets is viewed as one phone with two interfaces (cellular and WLAN)
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 2929
Outline of TalkOutline of TalkThe Convergence’s ProblemThe Convergence’s Problem
Network’s Architecture Network’s Architecture Wi-FI NetworkWi-FI Network Cellular NetworkCellular Network
Convergence’s ApproachesConvergence’s Approaches Loosely Coupled ApproachLoosely Coupled Approach Tightly Coupled Approach (UMA)Tightly Coupled Approach (UMA)
New Approach-Dual Coupled ApproachNew Approach-Dual Coupled Approach
Operating PrinciplesOperating PrinciplesArchitectureArchitectureAdvantageAdvantage
ComparisonComparison
SummarySummary
Ephi Ephi Z.Z.
Novel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksNovel Architecture for Seamless interoperability between WLAN and 3G networksMotorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005Motorola Israel - September 21-22, 2005 3030
SummarySummary A third alternative to interoperability between WLAN A third alternative to interoperability between WLAN
and cellular networks was introducedand cellular networks was introduced The novel approach of dual coupled approach allows The novel approach of dual coupled approach allows
seamless soft handover between the networks using seamless soft handover between the networks using the IN features of the cellular/wireline networkthe IN features of the cellular/wireline network
The approach allows to be extended to other The approach allows to be extended to other emerging wireless standards like Wimax emerging wireless standards like Wimax
Thank youThank you