Presented By: DUDBC Assessment Group

To access the damage induced by the 2068/6/1 Taplejung Earthquake.

To evaluate the overall approximate cost of damage caused by the Earthquake.

To study about the damage patterns for the formulation of the trainings concerning Earthquake Resistant Construction of Buildings.

Study Area

Team 1Location:

Dhankuta, Tehrathum, Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha

Team 2Location:

Jhapa,Ilam,Taplejung,Panchthar

Team Member:(Ilam)S.D.E. Binay Charan ShresthaMahesh SinghHimal K.C.Parikshit P. KadariyaBinod Shrestha (PulchowkCampus)Bhim Paudel (Home Ministry)

Team Member: (Dhankuta)S.D.E. Sagar Krishna JoshiNabin MalakarRam Chandra ThapaGovinda ThapaBishow Kumar Shrestha(Pulchowk Campus)Maiya Kandel (Home Ministry)

Secondary data was taken from Home Ministry.

The data was verified from the respective CDOOffice.

Field Visits were conducted with co-ordination from CDO Office, Municipality, VDC's, Police, Red Cross and other NGOs.

Sample buildings were selected in such a way that it covers all the Damage Grades according to the data of Home Ministry.

Data was collected according to the approved format of MoPPW.

Two types of forms were used.

Rapid Evaluation Form

Detailed Evaluation Form

Data was organized to get the real picture of the damage.

Data was divided according to the damage grade of buildings.

The Data was sorted out to find the types of construction as well as types of occupancy.

Grade 1: Negligible to slight damage

(no structural damage,

slight non-structural damage)

Hair-line cracks in very few walls.

Fall of small pieces of plaster only.

Fall of loose stones from upper parts of buildings in

very few cases.

Grade 2: Moderate damage

(slight structural damage, moderate

non-structural damage)

Cracks in many walls.

Fall of fairly large pieces of plaster.

Partial collapse of chimneys.

Classification of damage to masonry buildings

Grade 3: Substantial to heavy

damage (moderate structural damage, heavy non-structural damage)

Large and extensive cracks in most walls.Roof tiles detach. Chimneys fracture at the roof line; failure of individual non-structural elements (partitions, gable walls).

Grade 4: Very heavy damage

(heavy structural damage,very heavy non-structural damage)

Serious failure of walls; partial structural failure of roofs and floors.

Classification of damage to masonry buildings

Grade 5: Destruction

(very heavy structural damage)

Total or near total collapse.

Classification of damage to masonry buildings

All grades of damage were seen.

The data of Home Ministry was correlated with the damage grades as follows

Home Ministry Damage Grade

Minor Damage DG-1

Partial Damage DG-2 & DG-3

Total Damage (Collapse) DG-4 & DG-5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Ilam Panchthar Taplejung Dhankuta Terhathum

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Stone in Mud RC Frame Stone in Cement Brick in Mud Brick in Cement Others

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Residential Educational Office Building Police Station Community Building

Others

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

Corner Failures/Cracks

Shear Failures and Diagonal Cracks.

Cracks at Openings.

Gable fall down and cracks.

De-lamination of wall

Bulging / Falling of unsupported long walls.

Damage / Falling of Free Standing Walls.

Improper Load Path

Soft Storey Problems.

Torsion

Complete Collapse

Rocking Failure

Floor Separation

Out of Plane Failure

Settlement / Slope Failure

Floor Drift/ Slide

Lack of Through Stones

Lack of Bands(Sill, Lintel and Gable)and Stitches

Slenderness Ratio Exceeded

Improper Opening Positions and Sizes.

Lack of Better Bonding Between Masonry unit.

Irregular Configuration

Improper Site Selection

Wrong Load Path

Lack of Integrity between Ground Floor and First Floor.

Lack of Vertical Reinforcement at Junction.

The following recovery measures were suggested for different damage grades.

For DG-1 and other unaffected buildings, it is suggested to retrofit them to cope with the upcoming Earthquakes.

Damage Grade Suggested Recovery Measures

DG-2 Repair + Retrofit

DG-3 Repair, Retrofit + Partial Demolish.

DG-4 & DG-5 Demolish

Amount in Rs.

Retrofitting with wood members

63226

Retrofitting with Concrete members

289693.20

Repair of cracked wall per meter length

997.60

Cost of new construction 500000

Cost of new construction with using usable existingmaterials ( 60% of New Construction Cost)

300000

Damage Grade

Total House No.

Unit Cost in Rs. Total Cost

G1 1111 997*20=19,940 = 2,21,53,340

G2 & G3 9749 63226+19940=83,166 =81,07,85,334

G4 & G5 5293 5,00,000 =2,64,65,00,000

Total =3,47,94,38,674

Damage Grade

School Building

Other Government Building

G2 & G3 608 362

G4 & G5 350 115