SEPARATOR AND REACTOR INTERNALS

Headquarter Office : No. 192, Darya blv. Saadat Abad ,Tehran, IranTel : +98 21 88370266 , Fax : +98 21 88370267

Manufacturing Headquarter: Safadasht Industrial Zone,Tehran, Iran, Tel : +98 21 65439160-3w w w . p a n t a n . c o , i n f o @ p a n t a n . c o

SEPARATOR AND REACTORINTERNALS

PROCESS VESSEL INTERNALS

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WORLD CLASS PRODUCTS & SERVICES



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PANTAN is a well-established leading designer andmanufacturer of a complete range of Process Vesselinternals for the Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries.

For well over a decade now, our company has developed a comprehensive range of products and services including :• Fractionation Trays• Packed Tower Internals• Separator Internals • Reactor Internals • Site Services

PANTAN certified according to ISO 9001:2015 forDesigning and Manufacturing of Process Vessel Internals. Our principal focus is on improvingproducts quality and customer satisfaction.

Proper consideration of the feed inlet design is alsocritical. Typically this may be either an open nozzle,elbowed pipe with target wear plate, half open pipeor in some cases, especially where high liquid loadsand slug flow are anticipated, it is advisable to installa Panta Inlet™ vane device.

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Gas Outlet

Liquid Outlet

Feed Inlet

Type 4

Gas Outlet

Liquid Outlet

Feed Inlet

Type 5

The vessel configurations shown on these pageare simplified to show typical arrangements only.In almost all cases, vessel dimensions, includinginlet and outlet nozzle size and locations, arecritical to the proper functioning of the separatorinternals.

Type 6

SandDrain

WaterOutlet

WaterWashInlet

FeedInlet

OilOutlet

GasOutlet

PantaInletTM Inlet Baffle PantaVaneTM

Gas Box

Outlet WeirPantaSettleTM

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Separator InternalsPANTAN design and manufacture wide range of separator internals based on well established, triedand tested, industry standard design conceptswith unique mechanical enhancements to ensure effective and reliable performance. This section of brochure provides details of the

There are three principal categories of separation process for which PANTAN offer comprehensive package of Vessel Internal Hardware and EngineeringSupport.

Table of Typical Application

complete range of separation equipment including:• Wire Mesh Mist Eliminators (Panta Mesh™)• Vane Mist Eliminators (Panta Vane™)• Multiple Cyclone Mist Eliminators (Panta Spin™)• Plate Pack Coalescers (Panta Settle™)• Feed Inlet Devices (Panta Inlet™)

Separator Configuration

These are:• Vapour - Liquid Separation (2 phase)• Liquid - Liquid Separation (2 phase)• Vapour - Liquid - Liquid Separation (3 phase)

GasOutlet

Liquid Outlet

Type 3

FeedInlet

FeedInlet

Gas Outlet

Liquid Outlet

Type 1

FeedInlet

Gas Outlet

Liquid Outlet

Type 2

Type Device Application

1

2

3

4

5

6

Panta Mesh™ & Panta Vane™

Panta Mesh™ & Panta Vane™

Panta Vane™

Panta Mesh™

Panta Vane™

Panta Settle™ & Panta Vane™

Packed ,Trayed Columns/ Fouling Service

KO Drums, Suction Scrubbers

Particulate Scrubbers

Production Separators, Slug Catchers

Production separator & 3 Phase Separator

Packed ,Trayed Columns, Particulate Scrubbers ,KO Drums

4 5

Panta Mesh™Type Material Efficiency Wire Diameter(mm)

Mesh Density(kg/m3)

Void FractionSurface Area(m2/m3)

PM-145

PM-195

PMH-125

Metal

Metal

Metal

Moderate

High

High

0.28

0.28

0.15

144

192

128

255

360

460

0.98

0.97

0.98

Panta Mesh™ Mist Eliminator comprises a pad ofknitted wire mesh sandwiched between two rigidgrids to provide support. Liquid mists collect on thewires as the bulk vapor travels through the pad.The collected liquid droplets coalesce into a continuousfilm on the wires and drain from the mesh under gravity.

Droplet removal is by inertial impaction. As the gasflows through the Panta Mesh™ pad, it must flow aroundthe dense matrix form by the knitted wire and as a result the entrained liquid droplets will tend to collideand coalesce on the wire surfaces. The coalescedliquids will tend to be retained on the wire surface bycapillary action and will drain from the Panta Mesh™ padunder gravity unless the gas velocity or liquid loadingexceeds the capacity limit. Removal of any droplet sizecan be calculated based on centrifugal forces andStokes Law.

Demister Pad

In general droplet removal efficiency increases with:

• Increasing Gas Velocity• Increasing Gas and Liquid density difference• Decreasing Gas Viscosity• Increasing Mesh Density• Increasing Mesh Pad Thickness

Specifications of some popular types of mesh pads which are used in most processes are listed in the below table:

Panta VaneTM Mist Eliminator consists of a seriesof specially profiled baffles that removes liquid dropletsfrom vapor stream by the inertial impaction of thedroplets on the baffles. The liquid droplets carry overwith vapor which has been crossing vane zigzag do notintend to change direction, so collide to lates andforming larger droplets which trickle downward tothe liquid in the bottom of separator drum.

Specifications of types of Panta Vane™ are as below:

• Simple vertical flow vane (VC0 Series)• Single pocket horizontal flow vane (HZ1 Series)• Double pocket horizontal flow vane (HZ2 Series)

Vane Pack

Droplet removal is by inertial impaction. When the gasis forced to change direction negotiating narrowpassages formed by the shape of the vanes, larger liquiddroplets will tend to continue in a straight line andcoalesce on the vane surface that blocks their path.Smaller droplets however will tend to follow the gasaround the corner.The degree of removal of any droplet size can becalculated based on centrifugal forces and Stokes Law. In general droplet removal efficiency increases with:• Increasing Gas Velocity• Increasing Gas and Liquid density difference• Decreasing Gas Viscosity• Increasing Vane Angle• Decreasing Vane Pitch

Specifications of some popular types of mesh pads which are used in most processes are listed in the below table:

For most application, K=0.107 m/s, may howeverbe used for estimation purposes.To account for the effect of induced maldistributionPanta MeshTM should be sized with:Cs (actual) =0.8 × Cs (max)Where: Cs (actual) =V× ((dl -dg) / dg) 0.5

Vs= Q / Af (m/s)Q =Gas rate (m/s)AF=Net face area of Panta MeshTM pad m2)

The liquids collected by the Penta-MeshTM Pad willre-entrain if the gas load on the Pad face exceeds:Cs (max) =K × ((dl -dg) / dg) 0.5

Where: dg =Gas density (kg / m3)dl =Liquid density (kg /m3)K =Mesh capacity factor (m/s)K dependents on mesh style, liquid surface Cs tensionand viscosity and also liquid loading.

Panta Vane™Type

DrainageChannel

VanePitch

FoulingResistance

VC0-225

VC0-325

VC0-425

HZ1-225

HZ1-325

HZ1-425

HZ1-220

HZ1-320

HZ1-420

HZ2-220

HZ2-320

HZ2-420

None

None

None

Open

Open

Open

Open

Open

Open

Enclosed

Enclosed

Enclosed

25

25

25

25

25

25

20

20

20

20

20

20

Good

Good

Good

Reasonable

Reasonable

Reasonable

Reasonable

Reasonable

Reasonable

Avoid

Avoid

Avoid

HZ1-325 Open 25 Reasonable





HZ2-220 Enclosed 20 Avoid



VC0

HZ1

HZ2

Panta MeshTM Pressure Drop Curve

Panta MeshTM Capacity

6 7

Panta SpinTM Centrifugal Mist Eliminators consistof multiple cyclone pipes. An intense spinning motionis induced into the gas entering the cyclone pipeswhich throws the liquid droplets onto the pipe walldue to the resulting centrifugal forces.

Features:

• Higher gas and liquid handling capacity• More compaction with the same duty • Higher removal efficiency for large droplets

Multi-cyclone is usually combined with anotherMist Eliminator device such as “Demister Pad” placedupstream for better operation. These devices havingeither coalescing or demisting roles and improvetotal droplet removal efficiency.

Multi-Cyclon

Panta SettleTM Coaclescers are used to enhance theseparation of two immiscible liquids. They performvery effectively in two phase liquid-liquid separationor in 3 phase separation provided the feed to theseparator does not contain a stable liquid emulsion.The gravity settler works solely on the principle ofstokes law, which predicts the rate of rise or fall ofdroplets of dispersed fluid inside continues phase.The Panta SettleTM as Parallel Plate Pack includesmetal plates by narrow space between them to formchannel to drain away coalesced liquid. To facilitatecapture of the dispersed droplets, the plates areinclined to the horizontal, which promotes dropletcoalescence into films, and to guide them forentrapment into channels, thereby preventingremixing with the Continues phase.

Plate Pack Coalescer

Penta Settle™ Style Plate Pitch(mm)

PPP-15F

PPP-20F

PPP-25F

PPP-25S

15

20

25

25

45°

45°

45°

60°

Low

Moderate

Moderate

Good

20-50 Microns

30-100 Microns

50-200 Microns

50-300 Microns

Plate Angle Fouling Resistance Droplet Cut-offSize Range

98


Panta InletTM reduce inlet momentum, and promoteinitial bulk separation of Vapor-liquid feeds to avessel. A uniform distribution plays essential rolesin separation efficiency.Panta Vane Inlet™ consist of a series of curvedvane arranged in heavy duty housing.

Features

• Reduced inlet nozzle size • Lower formation of fine mists and emulsions• Improved Vapor distribution• Lower Vapor velocities• Lower liquid re-entrainment• Reduced slug momentum• Reduced liquid load on mist eliminator

Vane Inlet Device

The CFD uses to analyze products, key further and new products development whilst CFD reduces the volumeof necessary experiments for design studies where would hardly be available.

PANTAN use CFD to investigate the flow regime in wide range of products like Distributors, Vane Pack,Multi-cyclones and etc. This tool allows us to increase the separation efficiency and to optimize the design rules.

Velocity magnitude and Pressure distribution simulation results in (a) Panta SpinTM and (b) Panta VaneTM

Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Analysis

Multi-cyclones and etc. This tool allows us to increase the separation efficiency and to optimize the design rules.

Velocity magnitude and Pressure distribution simulation results in (a) Panta SpinTM and (b) Panta Vane

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PANTAN design and manufacture a wide range of reactor internals for media retention for both axial flow and forradial flow Reactors.

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AXIAL Flow Reactor Internals

The down flow or up flow systems are widely used inDesulfurizers, Hydrotreaters, Hydrocrackers, MolecularSieves, Gas Sweeteners and other Absorption Process.PANTAN design and manufacture wide range of internalsfor these systems to retain the media and to providea proper collection area for the process flow across theentire vessel diameter or length. These are:• Distributor Tray• Quench Mixer • Catalyst Support Grid• Scale Trap• Inlet Diffuser • Outlet Collector

In the hydroprocessing reactor, the hydrocarbon feedis reacted with hydrogen over a fixed bed of catalystat an elevated temperature and pressure. For petroleumfractions heavier than naphtha, the mixture of hydrocarbonfeed and hydrogen typically consists of two phases:a liquid phase and a vapor phase. In order to use thecatalyst efficiently, the liquid and the vapor must bedistributed uniformly across the reactor cross-section.Our standard Distributor Trays is multi chimneys typewhich are generally composed of lateral openings(holes notches spaced vertically up the axis of the chimney)for liquid and superior apertures for gas.

Intel Diffuser

Catalyst Bed

Support Grid

Catalyst Bed

Liquid Distributor

Quench Mixer

Liquid Collector

Distributor Tray

In two phase hydroprocessing reactors with quenchin inter-bed, a mixing device is required in order tocontact the quench fluid with vapor and liquid mediafrom above catalyst bed for efficient transfer phenomenawith uniform composition and temperature profilesin the bed below.

Quench Mixer

A series of cylindrical screens arrayed at the topof the upper catalyst bed either to collect metalliccontaminates or scales from plugins the top surfaceof the upper catalyst bed or to increase the totalsurface area of the upper catalyst bed to extendthe bed’s useful life.

Scale Trap

Support Grids are designed to provide sufficientstrength to support catalytic beds under normaloperating conditions while at the same time withoutcreating any capacity restriction in the column,a suitable support grid selection depends on thetype of catalyst as well as maximum design load. The Support Grids surface are furnished by wiremeshes or wedge wire screens which are the filteringelements for retaining catalyst media.

Catalyst Support Grid

Reactor Internals

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Vane

Inle

t De

vice

OUTLET COLLECTORDEM

ISTE

R P

AD

RADIAL Flow Reactor InternalsComputational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Analysis

Plat

e Pa

ck C

oales

cer

Plate Pack Coalescer

Vane Pack

Mul

ti-Cy

clon

Que

nch

Mixe

r

Quench Mixer

WO

RLD

CLA

SS

PR

OD

UC

TS &

SER

VIC

ES

Scale Trap

Distributor Tray


The radial flow systems are widely used in CatalyticReforming, Styrene Dehydrogenation, NOX RemovalSystems, Solvent Recovery, Ammonia Converters,and Isomerization Processes.These reactor are employed for their high-volumeflow capacity with minimal pressure drop Radialflow systems increase contact efficiency betweenthe process stream and catalyst bed which causesvessel size reduction. These type of reactors notonly produce a higher yield, but also they aremore energy efficient.

The main internals of a radial flow reactor are:• Center Pipes• Scallops• Cover Plates

In its simplest form a radial flow system consistof two concentric screens and an annulus filledwith catalyst slots on both the center screen andouter basket are oriented vertically to allow mediato slide against the screen surface during processingwithout becoming abraded by the slot edges.

It is designed to prevent flow maldistribution in thebed and to avoid movement of the catalyst bed byhigh-velocity impingement.Inlet Diffuser reduces kinetic energy of feed to ensurethat the distribution of feed inside reactor or in theDistributor Tray below is not turbulence directly fromthe inlet tube.

Inlet Diffuser

INLET DIFFUSERIt is designed to give an even flow distribution at thebed outlet in order to ensure optimal utilization of thecatalyst in the bottom of bed, another task of OutletCollector is to prevent the catalyst , inert Ball andfines from entering the outlet pipe.

Outlet Collector

Out

let C

ollec

tor

RADIAL Flow Reactor Internals

Center Pipe

ScallopCover Plate

AXIAL Flow Reactor Internals

SEPARATOR AND REACTOR INTERNALS

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