Separation Techniques. Hand separation Filtration Extraction Fractional distillation Chromatography...
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Transcript of Separation Techniques. Hand separation Filtration Extraction Fractional distillation Chromatography...
![Page 1: Separation Techniques. Hand separation Filtration Extraction Fractional distillation Chromatography Centrifugation Evaporation Distillation Solvent extraction.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081721/5a4d1b107f8b9ab05998f0dd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Separation Techniques
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Separation Techniques• Hand separation
• Filtration
• Extraction
• Fractional distillation
• Chromatography
• Centrifugation
• Evaporation
• Distillation
• Solvent extraction
• Recrystallization
• Gravity separation
![Page 3: Separation Techniques. Hand separation Filtration Extraction Fractional distillation Chromatography Centrifugation Evaporation Distillation Solvent extraction.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081721/5a4d1b107f8b9ab05998f0dd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Separation Techniques
• Which types of matter can we separate?
• Why?
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Filtration
• Separates liquid-solid mixtures• Filter paper: lets liquid through, keeps solids out
• Vacuum filtration: water flow creates vacuum in filter flask and sucks air through the filter paper
![Page 5: Separation Techniques. Hand separation Filtration Extraction Fractional distillation Chromatography Centrifugation Evaporation Distillation Solvent extraction.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081721/5a4d1b107f8b9ab05998f0dd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Filter Paper
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Vacuum Filtration
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Chromatography
• Separates liquid-liquid mixtures
• A mixture carried by a solvent through a stationary medium (solid column, filter paper)
• Separation occurs when components of the mixture move through the medium at different speeds
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Paper & Thin Layer Chromatography
• Solvent can be a number of things (H2O, ether, ethyl acetate)
• Stationary medium: chromatography paper
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Paper & Thin Layer Chromatography
• “Spot” your chromatography paper with your mixture near the bottom
• Put your paper in the container with solvent• Solvent will go up the paper and carry the
mixture up with it• Components will separate if they travel at
different speeds
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Paper & Thin Layer Chromatography
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Paper & Thin Layer Chromatography
• To identify the components of a mixture, use Rf values
• Rf = distance traveled by component distance traveled by the solvent
• Compare experimental Rf values with reference Rf values to identify your components
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Evaporation
• Separates solid-liquid mixtures
• Boil away liquid to leave the solid
• E.g. salt production: evaporate water from seawater to get salt
• Can this method be used for liquid-liquid mixtures?
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Evaporation of Sea Water
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Evaporation of Sea Water
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Distillation
• Separates liquid-liquid mixtures
• Uses different boiling points of liquids
• When would this method not be useful?
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Distillation
• Liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates 1st
• Gas is cooled and collected elsewhere
• Once all of the 1st liquid is collected, repeat for the liquid with the next lowest boiling point
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Distillation
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