Separation Mixtures

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Separation of Mixtures•We can separate mixture, why?

-> In a mixture, some substances combine physically and there no reaction between the substances.Separation of Mixtures based on

physical properties• Filtration• Chromatography• Distillation• Evaporation• Decantation and Centrifugation• Crystallization• Separator funnel• Sublimation

Filtration•This is a technique used to separate mixtures of an insoluble solid and a liquid.

•What is filtrate?•What is residue?EXAMPLES: • Sand and water• Broken glass and water• Chalk suspensions and water• Etc.

Chromatography•Separating substances by chromatography

is based on the difference of the creeping speed (kecepatan merambat) of many substances in a certain medium.

• It is mostly applied in identifying mixtures that are coloured or pigments.

PLAYChromatography.avi

Simple Distillation•Based on the differences

of its boiling point.•Distillation technique

can be done by heating and cooling it off

•E.g separate pure water from sea water so that it can be used for drinking water.

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION•This is the technique used to

separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points.

• Examples: Gasoline is produced from crude oil using fractional distillation.

PLAYFractional Distillation

Evaporation is separating substances by

heated

Example: - salt from seawater

Evaporation

•rapidly rotate a liquid/solid mixture, causing solid to sediment at bottom of tube.

Decantation

Centrifugation

This is achieved by carefully pouring a solution from a container in order to leave the precipitate (sediments) in the bottom of the original container.Precipitate = endapan

Separator funnel This techniques is based on the substance’s density characteristic Example: Separating water and oil

•Sublimation is a process of changing solid substance into gas or the other way around. Some sublimable substances are benzoic, iodine, and caffeine.

Sublimation

Question•What is a mixture?•Give three ways of separating a mixture.•What kind of mixtures can you separate

using the filtration method?•Give an example of a mixture you can

separate using the fractional distillation method.

Answers•It is a substance made up of two or more

substances which are physically combined.

•Filtration, Chromatography and Distillation.

•Mixtures of an insoluble substance and a liquid.

•Ethanol and water.

1. How do you get pure water from seawater?

2. You are design a water filter which uses sand, gravels and cowlick. Draw a diagram of your design.

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