Sentence Structure Notes Ex

7/23/2019 Sentence Structure Notes Ex

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Universiti Kuala LumpurMalaysian Institute of Chemical and BioEngineering Technology

Technical Communication

WEB 10102

BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE

What is a Sentence?

A sentence is a group of words that:

Must contain at least one subject and one verb

Must express a complete thought

Must end with a full stop(.), a question mar (!) or an

exclamation mar (").

#or example:

1- $ell% is intelligent.

2- &he wors hard.

3- 'aughter heals.

4- as he upset!

5- hose mobile phone is this!

What is a Non-sentence?

A nonsentence might not have a subject, a verb, or does not express a

complete thought. #or example:

* +he lad% in red. (no verb)

as ver% good. (no subject)

- Although he was sad. (not a complete thought)

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What is a Simple Sentence?

A simple sentence is made up of a subjectverb combination and it

expresses a complete thought.

A SIMPLE SENTENCE EXAMPLE COMBINATION

may consist of one subject

and one verb

Mariam shouted words of

encouragement.

SV

may have more than one

subject and one verb

Mariam and Madeline

cheered loudly for their

team.

SSV

Simple Sentence !actice

dentif% the subjects and the verbs in these sentences.

* /ivian and her friends plan to go icesating this weeend.

+he oranges are big and sweet and do not have seeds.

- +he recent sales attracted a lot of bu%ers.

0 ould %ou lie rice or mashed potatoes with %our meal!

1 +he man in the longsleeved shirt waved to the children in the bus.

2 3oth the man and the woman ignored the little bo%.


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What is a Compo"n# Sentence?

A compound sentence is made up of two or more simple sentences. t

is usuall% joined b% a comma and a coordinating conjunction such as

and, but, for, or, nor , and

join. A compound sentence is made up of two

or more subject verb combinations.

SIMPLE SENTENCES COMPOUND SENTENCES COMBINATION

S

1. Steven takes his children

swimming every

weekend.

2. They always enjoy

themselves tremendously.

Steven takes his children

swimming every weekend,and

they always enjoy themselves

tremendously.

SV,and SV

1. Stephanie wants to buy a

digital camera.

2. She does not have enough

money.

Stephanie wants to buy a

digital camera,butshe does

not have enough money.

SV,but SV

1. I had to give up sewing.2. My eyesight had become

very poor.

I had to give up sewingfor my

eyesight had become very poor.

SVfor SV


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1. You may have rice with

your main meal.2. You may have mashed

potatoes with your main

meal.

You may have rice,or you mayhave mashed potatoes with

your main meal.

SV,orSV

1. The little boy did not

complain.

2. The little boy did not cry.

The little boy did not complain,

nordid he cry.

SV,norSV

Compo"n# Sentence !actice

dentif% whether the sentences below are simple or compound

sentence.

*) +he bab% cried, so paci4ed her.

() bought a beautiful but slightl% dented brass tra%.

(-) 3ill5s injured foot still hurts.

(0) 6ou should not bull% or tease the little girl.

(1) 7is shoes, a special possession, have holes in them.

(2) 8obb% is usuall% ver% active, but toda% he seems rather lethargic.

(9) +essa and Ann were watching television together.

What is a Comple$ Sentence?

A complex sentence is a simple sentence (independent clause)

combined with one or more clauses that cannot stand on their own

(dependent clause). +he clauses are joined b% subordinators (because,


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since, although, when, while etc) or relative pronouns (that, wh%,

which). #or example:

Anita, who is best friend, got the highest grade on the math test.

never understood &haespeare5s language until I read it aloud.

Comple$ Sentence !actice% S"&o!#inato!s

+he following sentences are made up of independent clause and one

dependent clause. A. nderline the independent clause one.3. nderline the independent clause

twice.;. ;ircle the subordinating conjunction that begins the

dependent clause.

<xample 3efore %ou leave, would lie to as %ou a question.

*. &ince we are experiencing a drought, we cannot water our

grass.. Although need a vacation, cannot get awa% this weeend.

-. =ate cannot eat caramels because she wears braces on her

teeth.

0. hile understand %our point, do not agree with it.


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1. <ven though the superintendent has made man% changes in the

school s%stem, more needs to be done.

Comple$ Sentence !actice% Relati'e !ono"ns

nderline the relative clause in each of the following sentences, andcircle the relative pronoun.

<xample +his is the dog that bit Mohan %esterda%.

*. spoe to #ran who helped me solve the problem.. +his side of town, which is ver% old, is being restored.

-. >ohn, who hurt his bac, had to give up trac.

0. ;and%, whose poetr% has been published in local anthologies, is

ver% talented.

1. +his is the store that has so man% good bargains.

2. +he person who gave me directions was ver% polite.

9. A restaurant that has high prices will not survive in a small

town.

What a!e Basic Sentence E!!o!s?

<rrors in sentences usuall% occur in the subjectverb agreement, in

the pronounnoun agreement, and possessivenoun agreement.

&ubject/erb Agreement


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n a grammaticall% correct sentence, the subject and verb must agree

with each other. f the subject is singular, the verb must be singular.+he same applies to plural. #or example:

M% friend (as late for class

M% friends (e!e late for class.

f subjects are joined b% and, the% are considered as plural. +hus, a

plural verb is required. #or example:

M% friends and (e!e late for class.

f subjects are joined b% or or nor , the verb should agree with the

closer subject. #or example:

<ither >ason or ?at #!i'es me to wor.

$either Ana nor her sisters plan to join the tennis club.

6ou have to mae the verb agree with the subject, not with the words

that come between the subject and verb. #or example:

+he new &oo) of poems is b% ?ablo $eruda.

+he poems in this boo a!e b% ?ablo $eruda.

6ou need to use a singular verb with these pronouns:

an%bod% ever%bod% somebod%

an%one ever%one no one

an%thing ever%thing something

3ut use a plural verb with these pronouns:

both others few several man%


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A singular verb is used with expressions of time, mone%,

measurement, weight, and fractions. #or example:+went%4ve ringgit seems lie a reasonable price for this

shirt.

+welve inches e*"als one foot.

+hreefourths is more than onehalf.

?ronouns @ $ouns Agreement

A pronoun must refer to a speci4c noun and it must agree in numberwith the noun it refers to. #or example:

hen a student eats in the cafeteria, he+she must show a

student .

hen students eat in the cafeteria, the, must show a student

.

?ossessive and $ouns or ?ronouns Agreement

?ossessive also must agree with the word it refers to. #or example:

+he little &o, is holding his mother5s hand.

+he chil#!en are holding thei! mother5s hands.

Each of the girls had he! own bedroom in the apartment.

Both of our daughters ha'e their own cars.

Bive it to ane. t5s he!s.


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What a!e Sentence .!a/ments?

A sentence must have three items:

o A subject

o A complete verb

o +he completeness to stand independentl%

A word group missing one or more than these sentence elements is asentence 0!a/ment #or example:

&tudents registering for summer school on Monda%. (?art of

verb is missing)

Students are registering for summer school on Monday .

hen the highwa% is complete. (nformation necessar% for

completeness is missing.)

When the highway is complete , business will expand to our

area.

need to be awae b% six o5cloc. 3ut forgot to set the alarm.

(Missing subject)

I need to be awake by six o’clock. ut I forgot to set the

alarm.!

I need to be awake by six o’clock but forgot to set the alarm.

Arina enjo%s earl% morning exercise. At six a.m., she jogging

down neighborhood streets. (naccurate verb form)


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"rina enjoys early morning exercise. "t six a.m., she jogs down

neighborhood streets.

Sentence .!a/ment !actice

<ach of the word group below loos lie a sentence because it has a

full stop and a capital letter. 7owever, some are reall% sentence

fragments. 8ead each group word below and if is a sentence, write

S on the blanC if it is a fragment, write an ..

*. DDDD +he 3ritish painter >oseph +urner lived from *991 to *E1*.

. DDDD 7is paintings have spectacular colour eFects.

-. DDDD +hat capture the pla% of light on a scene.

0. DDDD +urner wanting to see what a storm at sea looed lie.

1. DDDD 7e had himself tied to the mast of a ship.

+he pairs of group words below contain a fragment. nderline the

fragment and eliminate it b% forming a complete sentence.

*. ith his een scienti4c mind. ;larence 3irdse%e understood

niut 4shfreeGing techniques.

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. 7e recogniGed that speed was the e%. And could revolutioniGe

the food industr%.



-. ncle MirGa was surprised when he saw his nephew. 7e grown

four inches over two months.DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD



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