1

Introduction to Landmines Landmines in Egypt Traditional Sensation and demining solutions

◦ Metal Detectors◦ Dogs◦ Vehicles◦ Natural

Call for further research Advanced sensors

◦ EMI Sensors◦ GPR Sensors◦ Seismic Sensors

Conclusion

2

Landmines are considered one of the most horrifying, unethical tactics used in modern wars.

◦ Large minefields is planted with anti-personnel explosives, usually to give a temporary strategic advantage, and get left after wars, ending thousands of innocent civilian lives, and preventing the social and economical development to reach the affected zones.

3

Egypt considered one of the most affected countries with landmines, with nearly 20% of the total landmines in the world.

◦ "The northwest coast has great development potential; the area is one of the greatest promises for Egypt. But the mines deny access to a landmass of approximately 22 percent of the national territory," El-Shazly* said.

◦ * National project director for mine clearance and development at the Ministry of International Cooperation

4

Aerial photography

Metal detectors

Mine-detection Dogs

Mechanical Clearance

Natural detectors

5

Used in the initial detection phase

Either sharply accurate or precise

6

Advantages◦ Simplest◦ Cheapest◦ Widely used

Disadvantages◦ Dangerous

◦ Another significant issue concerns the safety of the deminer. For every 5000 mines removed, one deminer is killed.

7

8

Had been mainly used in Afghanistan

Less risk on the deminer himself

Generally, the most efficient solution

9

10

Special vehicles, that can withstand the explosions

Combine detection & removal in one operation

Sometimes, used as an extra layer of security after another method

11

Research had been made to make use of the following, for landmine detection as well:

◦ Honey bees

◦ Mammals

◦ Plants

◦ bacteria

12

Therefore, the Egyptian Government and agencies providing assistance must allow for substantial resources to be devoted to finding better solutions to the mine and UXO clearance problem.

Professors in the university of western Australia meets with demining army executives

13

EMI Sensors

GPR Sensors

Seismic Sensors

14

EMI Stands for Electromagnetic Induction

Time-varying magnetic field

Detect most metals

Unacceptable false alarm rate

15

GPR stands for Ground Penetration Radar

Uses electromagnetic waves

Waves reflected from buried objects

Antennas transmit and receive the waves

Very clean response

16

Probes the surface with seismic waves

Excite mechanical response of buried objects

Distinction between landmines and other objects is clear from formed images

Very resistant to most types of clutter

17

Introduction to Landmines Landmines in Egypt Traditional Sensation and demining solutions

◦ Metal Detectors◦ Dogs◦ Vehicles◦ Natural

Call for further research Advanced sensors

◦ EMI Sensors◦ GPR Sensors◦ Seismic Sensors

18

Ahmed Said Ahmed

Mahmoud Mohamed Abdelhamid

Mina Malak Lamie

Mohamed Ahmed Qandeel

Abdelrahman Magdy Medhat

19