SENSOR NETWORKS ECE 654 Irene Ioannou. Sensor networks communication architecture.
Sensor networks for medical care
description
Transcript of Sensor networks for medical care
![Page 1: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SENSOR NETWORKS FOR MEDICAL CARE
Presented byRahul Ganta
Victor Shnayder, Bor-rong Chen, Konarad Lorincz,Thaddeus R.F. Fulford-Jones, and Matt Welsh
![Page 2: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Agenda• Introduction• Motivation and Background• Wireless Medical Sensors• CodeBlue Architecture and implementation.• Evaluation• Future work and Conclusion
![Page 3: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction
• Sensor networks have the potential to greatly impact many aspects of medical care.
• Outfitting every patient with tiny, wearable wireless vital sign sensors would allow doctors, nurses and caregivers to continuously monitor the status of their patients.
• There is significant gap between existing sensor network designs and the requirements of medical monitoring.
![Page 4: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction Contd..• Characteristics of existing sensor networks are• Transmit data at low rate.• stationary nodes• data collection at central base station.• Medical monitoring cannot make use of traditional in-
network aggregation since it is not generally meaningful to combine data from multiple patients.
• This paper presents our initial experience with a protoype medical sensor network platform, called CodeBlue.
![Page 5: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Motivation• Emergency medical care and intensive care are required
when immediate notification of change in patients status. • Wireless medical monitors are currently on the market but
the use Bluetooth or analog Wireless Medical Telemetry Service bands.
• These systems are sensors and monitors are nearby.• They don’t participate in network to relay data to multiple
receivers.
![Page 6: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Requirements• The requirements for a medical sensor network design• 1. Wearable Sensors• 2. High data rate• 3. Reliable communication.• 4. Multiple receivers• 5. Device Mobility.
• The Requirements depend greatly on the specific application and deployment environment.
• 1. Ad hoc deployment• 2. Permanently deployment.
![Page 7: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Related Work• Its not to say that its must start from scratch.• Its best to borrow from prior systems as much as possible
and invent new technology only as needed.• Medical sensor networks are less concerned with the
maximizing individual node lifetimes, since it is acceptable to recharge or change batteries on frequent basis.
• A number of other research projects are exploring medical sensor networks.
![Page 8: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Wireless Medical Sensors• Sensor Networks for medical applications require new
hardware designs.• Three mote-based medical sensors have been developed
• 1. Pulse oximeter• 2. Electrocardiograph (EKG)• 3. Special-purpose motion-analysis sensor board.
![Page 9: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pulse oximeter• Pulse oximeter is used to reliably assess two key patient
health metrics:• 1. heart rate (HR).• 2 blood oxygen saturation (SpO2).• By detecting the amount of light absorbed by hemoglobin
in the blood at two different wavelengths (typically 650nm and 805nm), the level of oxygen saturation can be measured.
![Page 10: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Electrocardiograph (EKG)• Two different types of electrocardiograph (EKG or ECG)
are commonly used in clinical care to measure the electrical activity of the heart.
• developed sensor boards for both the Mica2/MicaZ and Telos mote platforms that provide continuous EKG monitoring by measuring the differential across a single pair of electrodes.
![Page 11: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Motion-analysis sensor board• Three sensor types are commonly used for motion
analysis studies in the field: accelerometers, gyroscopes, and surface electrodes for electromyographic (EMG) recordings.
• These sensors are used to measure movement of each• body segment and determine limb position.
![Page 12: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The CodeBlue Architecture• the diverse requirements for medical sensor networks
also requires the software environment, routing protocols, query interfaces, and device discovery protocols.
• CodeBlue, a protocol and middleware framework for medical sensor networks.
• CodeBlue is implemented in TinyOS and provides protocols for integrating wireless medical sensors and end-user devices such as PDAs and laptops.
![Page 13: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The CodeBlue Architecture contd..• CodeBlue is based on a publish/subscribe routing
framework, allowing multiple sensor devices to relay data to all receivers.
• A discovery protocol is provided to allow end-user devices to determine which sensors are deployed in a CodeBlue network.
• query interface allows a receiving device to request data from specific sensors based on type or physical node address.
• A CBQ query is specified by the tuple (S,T,chan,p,C, p).• ({3, 7}, SpO2, 38, 1.0 Hz,1, p)
![Page 14: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The CodeBlue Architecture contd..
![Page 15: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
RF-based location Tracking• In many medical settings, it is extremely useful to be able
to accurately locate patients, doctors, nurses, and even specialized pieces of equipment.
• For this purpose, CodeBlue incorporates a robust, decentralized RFbased localization system, called Mote Track.
• In CodeBlue, MoteTrack is simply treated as another sensor type that reports the (x, y, z) location of the device when queried.
![Page 16: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
User Interface• The CodeBlue prototype provides a Java-based graphical
user interface (GUI) that is intended to be easy for medical personnel to use and which provides enough detail on patient status and location to identify trends.
• A more advanced interface can be used to specify CBQ parameters such as filtering predicates and data rates.
• Each end-user device communicates with the CodeBlue network through a mote programmed with a specialized “base station” program called PubSubBase.
![Page 17: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
User Interface contd..
![Page 18: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Evaluation• Evaluating CodeBlue is to validate its overall robustness
and scalability (performance) with multiple transmitting and receiving devices.
• To explore the effect of increased data rates on achieved throughput.
• Results are promising and show that CodeBlue and ADMR achieve good packet delivery ratios with modest data rates.
• Issue queries and receive results with a lag time of at most 1 minute.
![Page 19: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Evaluation contd..• Scalability:- The first set of experiments attempts to
measure three scalability related properties of our system and what is the effect on the system.
• 1. Varying data rate and hop count• 2. Varying number of senders• 3. Varying number of receivers• reception ratio=the number of received packets divided by the number of transmitted packets
![Page 20: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Evaluation contd..
Varying number of senders: Varying number of receivers:
![Page 21: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Evaluation contd..• Latency:-• Measuring packet latency in a multihop network is difficult
and would require either fine-grained synchronization between senders and receivers or a round-trip measurement
• Round trip measurements are problematic in the ADMR framework because different paths would be chosen in the forward and reverse directions.
• The end-to-end message delay was measured to be less than 200 ms in all cases.
![Page 22: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Evaluation contd..• Jitter:-packet jitter as the number of consecutive dropped
packets for a given sender-receiver pair.• This can be measured by comparing packet sequence
numbers on the receiver.• If the jitter were very large, we would be concerned that
much critical medical data would be lost.
![Page 23: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Future Work• Work towards reliable communication.• System should allow each query to specify its reliability
needs in terms of acceptable loss, data rate, or jitter.• Explore the impact of bandwidth limitations and
techniques for sharing bandwidth across patient sensors• Lack of security.• The privacy and security requirements for medical care
are complex.
![Page 24: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conclusion• The paper presented an initial exploration into the
challenges of hardware and software design for medical sensor networks.
• Described the range of mote-based medical sensors.• Developed middleware platform.• Low-power wireless sensors have the potential for impact
in medical applications.• CodeBlue is currently being developed by collaborating
with local hospitals.
![Page 25: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
References• [1] A & D Medical, Inc. UA-767BT Wireless Blood Pressure
Monitor. • [2] P. Bahl and V. N. Padmanabhan. RADAR: An in-building RF-
based user location and tracking system. In Proc. INFOCOM (2), pages 775–784, 2000.
• [4] P. Bonato, P. Mork, D. Sherrill, and R.Westgaard. Data mining of motor patterns recorded with wearable technology. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag., 22(3),May-June 2003.
• [5] Crossbow Technology, Inc. MICA2 Series (MPR4x0). http://www.
• xbow.com/Products/productsdetails.aspx?sid=72.• [6] Crossbow Technology, Inc. MICAz ZigBee Series (MPR2400).
http://• www.xbow.com/Products/productsdetails.aspx?sid=101.
![Page 26: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Thank You
![Page 27: Sensor networks for medical care](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081514/56816930550346895de07bdf/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Questions