Sensation/PerceptionAP PSYCH 42S (15) ~ Daniel B. & Hao-Yi S.

Guess which term the picture correlates to.

Prev: GesaltWhere one perceives an entire image before recognizing

individual parts

Prev: figure groundA part of Gestalt psychology, it is the ability to differentiate

between a figure and the background

Prev: Grouping-connectedWhere objects with similar elements are grouped together when

perceived, particularly when they are aligned spatially

Prev: Grouping-continuityWhen objects are perceptually grouped together if they form a

pattern is both simple and orderly, and easy to distinguish

Prev: Grouping-SimilarityWhere a group of objects that are similar in characteristic are

perceptually grouped together, such as a row of identical shapes

Prev: Grouping-ProximityWhere objects that have symmetrical properties are often

perceived as gathering around a center point

Prev: Grouping-ClosureThe tendency to perceive things such as numbers, shapes, lines,

as a whole even though they are not complete

Prev: Visual CliffA experiment designed by psychologists Eleanor J. Gibson and

R.D. Walk at Cornell University in order to investigate depth perception abilities of humans and other animal species

Prev: Retinal DisparityThe impression and difference in depth perception when viewed

by a person with regular binocular vision (both eyes)

Prev: Monocular CuesCues that provide depth perception information when only one

eye is being used.

Prev: Relative HeightA perceptual cue where things such as horizon or other objects

are used to gauge the relative height of the object being focused on

Prev: Relative sizeThe use of other objects in near vicinity to gauge the relative size

of the object in focus.

Prev: InterpositionA visual signal where an object that is in the foreground is perceived as closer when it overlaps with an object in the

background

Prev: Linear PerspectiveWhen an object appears visually smaller when the visual angle

decreases

Prev: Light and ShadowThe use of shades of light and shadow as indicators of depth

Prev: Relative MotionThe perception of motion relative to the observers position and

focus

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2-swEdDXsc&safe=active

Prev: Phi PhenomenonThe apparent motion of an object due to blinking lights. As the lights blink, the mind fills in the blanks, creating the perceptual

illusion of movement

Prev: Shape/Size Constancy Our ability to recognize that the shape of an object doesn’t

actually physically change, even if we perceive it visually as so.

Prev: Lightness Constancy The tendency for a visual object to be perceived as having the

same brightness under widely different conditions of illumination

Prev: Colour ConstancyThe subjective human perception of different shades of colours.

In the example above, the 50 shades of grey are all the same colour

Prev: St.Louis Gateway to the west arch illusion

In the St. Louis arch illusion, the arch appears taller then it is wide, this is due to visual subjective size constancy (i.e. the objects like clouds are closer above but further away below but the arch is the same distance to you in the picture. Therefore the higher clouds look like the arch is smaller up there and therefore further)

The ponzo illusion is created by having visual cues that make something look further then it really is therefore in a 2-D image the bars look

smaller close up even thought they are the same size.

Prev: Ponzo illusion

Prev: Ames illusion

The Ames illusion is created by giving the viewer only a single viewing angle. While inside two individuals of similar height stand apart on in a room where the floor, ceiling and the walls are angled allowing the room to look normal while letting one individual to stand closer to the viewing hole. Therefore he looks closer.

Prev: Human Factor Psychology

• Human factor psychologists design things to be more ergonomic and work with designers to ensure that products are safe and easy to use.

Prev: Moon Illusion

• Like the ponzo illusion the moon doesn’t change size however it will appear bigger on the horizon because it will appear further relative to how it appears if it was straight up in the sky. As a result it appears bigger due to the proximity to visible things in the distance, and the lack of relative visual cues in the sky above.

Prev: Sensory Deprivation

• When a persons senses are restricted or taken away via use of physical paraphernalia or other means, such as depriving a person of sight through use of blindfold.

Prev: Restored Vision

• After cataract surgery blind adults were able to regain sight. These individuals could differentiate figure and ground relationship however had difficulty discriminating a circle and a triangle (Von Senden, 1932)

Perceptual Adaptation

Wearing a special lens we will eventual adapt to this new visual world however the world is still appears as it is adapted so therefore our motor abilities adapt and so does our brains control

Perceptual set: Context effects

The premise is that our preset schemas affect what we see and hear. We may see things differently if we are in a different context, or environment.

Perceptual set: Emotion and motivation

Our perceiving ability is affected by our emotions (if in a slump a baseball may see the ball as a smaller target then it really is).

Doing well…