Sensation n Perception New

8/3/2019 Sensation n Perception New

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SENSATION AND PERCEPTION


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SENSATION

Is the physiological arousal ofthe sense organs (ex. seeing,smelling, etc)

Sensation refers to the processof sensing our environmentthrough touch, taste, sight,sound, and smell.


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THE SEN SES

EYE S EAR S

NO SE TONGUE

SKIN VE ST IBULAR

KINE STHE SI A


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PO P QUE ST I ON S!!!

1. Why is it that when it is dark, wecan only see B LAC K and W H I TE?

2 . What structure allows us torecognize COLOR during the day ?

3 . What can a CLOR BLI ND person notsee ?


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AN SWER S:

1. ROD S ---cannot distinguish colours, but areresponsible for low-light , black & white vision,and work well in dim light

2.

CONES ---are responsible for color vision, andworks best in daytime where light is most

abundant.

3 . In humans, there are three types of cones,sensitive to red, green, and blue, thus anyonewho is color blind, is NOT able to see only thesecolors.


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P O P QUE ST I ON S!!!

1. A side from hearing, what else can ourears function for ?

AN SWER :

O ur ears can also help us identifyD I RECT I ON and D IS TANCE


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P O P QUE ST I ON !!!

1. TRUE OR FAL SE

We have more taste buds when we were youngercompared to this time around.

AN SWER :

You were born with about 10,000 taste buds, but

they begin to die as you get older.T hus, the older we get the lesser taste buds wepossess...


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TR I VI A QUE ST I ON :

1. HO W MANY SMELL SEN SAT I ON S CAN WE EX PER I ENCE?

2 . TRUE OR FAL SE :OUR SEN SE O F SM ELL DECREA SES W HEN WE GET A COLD OR A FLUE .

AN SWER :T he smell receptors are sensitive to seven types of

sensations that can be characterized as CA MPHOR ,MU SK, F LO WER , MI NT , ETHER , ACR I D , & PUTR I D .

T he sense of smell is sometimes temporarily lost whena person has a cold.


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TR I VI A QUE ST I ON :

1. WH

ICH

T

WO

PART

SO

FOUR

SKIN

ARE MO ST SEN SI T I VE TO TOUCH?

ANSW

ER:

T he FI NGERT I PS and the

SEXUAL ORGAN S have the greatestconcentration of nerve endings, thusthe most sensitive of all!!!


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VE ST IBULAR S YSTE M,Found in the inner ear

responsible for the sense of balance and spatialorientation

T he inner ear has chambers filled with a viscousfluid and small particles . T he movement of theseparticles over small hair cells in the inner earsends signals to the brain that are interpreted asmotion and acceleration.

D isturbances cause the feeling of dizziness orunsteadiness.


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O ther sensesKinesthesia

is the precise awareness of muscle and

joint movement that allows us tocoordinate our muscles when we walk,talk, and use our hands.

I t is in this sense that enables us totouch the tip of our nose with our eyesclosed or to know which part of thebody we should scratch when we itch.


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For next meeting!!!


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Characteristics of Sensation:

SPEC IFI CI TY

TRAN SDUCT I ON

THRE SHOLD


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SPEC IFI CI TY

it refers to the characteristic ofsense organs to be specific withtheir stimulus (example is thateyes are specific to light as earsare specific to sounds, etc.)


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TRAN SDUCT I ON

it refers to the process ofchanging raw stimulus into anelectrochemical energy/impulsewhich the nervous system canacknowledge


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THRES

HOLDS---refers to the amount of

energy needed to carry out aresponse

there are two kinds of

thresholds:1. A BSOLUTE2 . J ND


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A BSOLUTE THRE SHOLD

T he minimum amount of energyrequired to carry out a response fromthe sense organ.

T he absolute threshold is the pointwhere something becomes noticeableto our senses.


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EXAMPLES:

Light ---- a candle seen at 3 0 miles away on adark clear night

Sound --- tick of a clock under quiet conditions

T aste --- one teaspoon of sugar in 2 gallons ofwater

Smell --- a drop of perfume


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J ND (Just N oticeable D ifference)

refers to the noticeable changes inthe amount of energy of the stimulus(ex: notes from a piano being played,voices of different tones)

T he difference threshold is theamount of change needed for us torecognize that a change has

occurred.


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SEN SAT I ON PRI NC I PLE S

A . WEBER S LA W

B. SI GNAL DETECT I ON THEORY

C. SEN SORY ADA PTAT I ON


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A . Weber s Law

Refers to the difficulty to determinethe change in the threshold that isexperienced

T he reason many of us would not isbecause the change required todetect a difference has to representa significant percentage.


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EXAMPLE:

Imagine holding a five pound weight and one poundwas added. Most of us would notice thisdifference. But what if we were holding a fiftypound weight ? Would we notice if another poundwere added ?

AN SWER :We will have difficulty in determining the change.

T he reason many of us would not is because thechange required to detect a difference has torepresent a percentage. In the first scenario,one pound would increase the weight by 2 0%, inthe second, that same weight would add only anadditional 2 %.


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B. Sensory A daptation

diminished sensitivity as a consequenceof constant stimulation

Example:When we use the same cologneeveryday, we tend to use more andmore each day because we seem tosense that the smell is not asfragrant as it was before when wefirst started using it.


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C. Selective A ttention---focusing of conscious awarenesson a particular stimulus

Ex ample:

In a party, different sounds and or stimuli couldaffect our attention, when we want to focus andperceive on things we find important, we

consciously become aware of that desired stimulus.For example we exert effort to listen to ourfriend s conversation than the music orconversation of others.


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What have we learned so far ?

1. Identify the various sense organs,basic parts and how they function

2 . U nderstanding sensation through its

Characteristics (specificity,

transduction, threshold)Sensation principles explained


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P erception

is the process involving organization,interpretation of stimuli into meaningfulinformation

Perception refers to interpretation of whatwe take in through our senses.

O ur perception varies from each other, wehave different conte x ts & e x periences forwhich to base it on.


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D eterminers of ATTENT I ON

N ature (example: pictures catch more attention compared towords)

N ovelty/newness

Intensity of stimuli (neon colors catch more attention thanpastels, loud than silent, etc.)

Location

Size, etc

*** I NTERE ST ***MOT I VAT I ON


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INTEREST and MOTIVATION

are far more or better determinersof attention in terms of strength.Even if size matters but if theperson is not interested with thesize then it would not really matterat all.


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ILLUSSION and ES P

I llusion refers to a state wherebythere is an error in perception

ES P (ex tra sensory perception)

A n ex perience of sensation &perception which cannot beprocessed with the 5 senses


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ES P an ex perience that cannot beprocessed through the 5 sensemodalities:

Clairvoyance (seeing without sense of sight)T elepathy (thought transference between minds)T

elekinesis (move objects w/out physical interaction)Precognition (predicting future events)


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